Peperangan biologis adalah penggunaan toksin biologi atau agen infeksius seperti bakteri, virus, dan jamur dengan tujuan membunuh atau melumpuhkan daya tahan manusia, hewan atau tumbuhan sebagai sebuah tindakan perang. Senjata biologis (sering disebut "bio-senjata", "agen ancaman biologis", atau "bio-agen") adalah organisme hidup atau entitas yang direplikasi (virus, yang secara universal tidak dianggap "hidup") yang mereproduksi atau mereplikasi dalam korban-korban mereka. Perang entomologi (serangga) juga dianggap jenis senjata biologis. Jenis perang ini berbeda dari perang nuklir dan perang kimia, yang bersama dengan peperangan biologis disebut, NBC, akronim militer dari perang nuklir, biologi, dan chemical (bahasa Indonesia: kimia) menggunakan senjata pemusnah massal. Tidak ada senjata tersebut yang menjadi senjata konvensional, yang utamanya dikembangkan untuk potensi ledak, kinetik atau insendiari mereka.
Senjata biologis dipakai dalam berbagai cara untuk meraih kemajuan strategis atau taktikal terhadap musuh, baik melalui ancaman atau penggunaan sebenarnya. Seperti beberapa senjata kimia, senjata biologis juga digunakan sebagai senjata penyangkalan kawasan.
Referensi sunting
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Bacaan tambahan sunting
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- Keith, Jim (1999). Biowarfare In America. Illuminet Press. ISBN 1-881532-21-6
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- Maskiell, Michelle, and Adrienne Mayor. "Killer Khilats: Legends of Poisoned Robes of Honour in India. Parts 1 & 2." Folklore [London] 112 (Spring and Fall 2001): 23–45, 163–82.
- Mayor, Adrienne, Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World. Overlook, 2003, rev. ed. 2009. ISBN 1-58567-348-X.
- Orent, Wendy (2004). Plague, The Mysterious Past and Terrifying Future of the World's Most Dangerous Disease. Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, NY. ISBN 0-7432-3685-8
- Pala, Christopher (19??), Anthrax Island
- Preston, Richard (2002), The Demon in the Freezer, New York: Random House.
- Rózsa, Lajos (2009). "The motivation for biological aggression is an inherent and common aspect of the human behavioural repertoire" (PDF). Medical Hypotheses. 72: 217–219. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.06.047. PMID 19006651.
- Warner, Jerry; Ramsbotham, James; Tunia, Ewelina; Vadez, James J. (May 2011). Analysis of the Threat of Genetically Modified Organisms for Biological Warfare. Washington, DC: National Defense University. Diakses tanggal 8 March 2015.
- Woods, Lt Col Jon B. (ed.), , 6th edition, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland (April 2005).
- Zelicoff, Alan & Bellomo, Michael (2005). Microbe: Are we Ready for the Next Plague?. AMACOM Books, New York, NY. ISBN 0-8144-0865-6
Pranala luar sunting
- Biological weapons and international humanitarian law, ICRC
- WHO: Health Aspects of Biological and Chemical Weapons
- . National Library of Medicine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-04-26. Diakses tanggal 2013-05-28.
- U.S Army site 2016-06-05 di Wayback Machine.