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Perang kimia melibatkan penggunaan bahan bahan beracun dari substansi substansi kimia sebagai senjata kimia Jenis perang

Perang kimia

Perang kimia melibatkan penggunaan bahan-bahan beracun dari substansi-substansi kimia sebagai senjata kimia. Jenis perang ini berbeda dari perang nuklir dan perang biologi, yang secara bersama-sama disebut perang NBC, yaitu akronim militer untuk perang nuklir, biologi dan chemical/bahan kimia, semuanya dianggap "senjata pemusnah massal". Tidak ada satu pun dari senjata-senjata tersebut yang dikategorikan sebagai senjata konvensional yang biasanya efektif karena potensi destruktif mereka. Dengan peralatan, pelatihan dan tindakan dekontaminasi protektif, dampak-dampak utama senjata kimia dapat dikurangi. Beberapa negara mencekal bahan-bahan kimia yang dapat dijadikan senjata perang. Ancaman dan dugaan ancaman senjata kimia telah digunakan sebagai strategi untuk merencanakan tindakan dan tindakan balasan.

Pemakaian senjata kimia dilarang oleh adat hukum kemanusiaan internasional.

Lihat pula Sunting

Catatan Sunting

  1. Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited., Customary IHL Database, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)/Cambridge University Press.

Referensi Sunting

  • CBWInfo.com (2001). . Retrieved November 24, 2004.
  • Chomsky, Noam (March 4, 2001). , page 2. Lecture.
  • Cordette, Jessica, MPH(c) (2003). . Retrieved November 29, 2004.
  • Croddy, Eric (2001), Chemical and Biological Warfare, Copernicus, ISBN 0-387-95076-1 
  • Smart, Jeffery K., M.A. (1997). . Retrieved November 24, 2004.
  • United States Senate, 103d Congress, 2d Session. (May 25, 1994). The Riegle Report 2012-07-06 di Wayback Machine.. Retrieved November 6, 2004.
  • Gerard J Fitzgerald. American Journal of Public Health. Washington: Apr 2008. Vol. 98, Iss. 4; p. 611
  • Гречко, А.А. (1976). Годы Войны. Военное Издательство Министерства Оборонны СССР.Москва. 

Bacaan tambahan Sunting

  • Leo P. Brophy and George J. B. Fisher; The Chemical Warfare Service: Organizing for War Office of the Chief of Military History, 1959; L. P. Brophy, W. D. Miles and C. C. Cochrane, The Chemical Warfare Service: From Laboratory to Field (1959); and B. E. Kleber and D. Birdsell, The Chemical Warfare Service in Combat (1966). official US history;
  • Glenn Cross, Dirty War: Rhodesia and Chemical Biological Warfare, 1975–1980, Helion & Company, 2017
  • Gordon M. Burck and Charles C. Flowerree; International Handbook on Chemical Weapons Proliferation 1991
  • L. F. Haber. The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War Oxford University Press: 1986
  • James W. Hammond Jr; Poison Gas: The Myths Versus Reality Greenwood Press, 1999
  • Jiri Janata, Role of Analytical Chemistry in Defense Strategies Against Chemical and Biological Attack 2022-04-13 di Wayback Machine., Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, 2009
  • Ishmael Jones, The Human Factor: Inside the CIA's Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture, Encounter Books, New York 2008, revised 2010, ISBN 978-1-59403-382-7. WMD espionage.
  • Benoit Morel and Kyle Olson; Shadows and Substance: The Chemical Weapons Convention Westview Press, 1993
  • Adrienne Mayor, "Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World" Overlook-Duckworth, 2003, rev ed with new Introduction 2008
  • Geoff Plunkett, Chemical Warfare in Australia: Australia's Involvement In Chemical Warfare 1914 - Today, (2nd Edition), 2013.. Leech Cup Books. A volume in the Army Military History Series published in association with the Army History Unit.
  • Jonathan B. Tucker. Chemical Warfare from World War I to Al-Qaeda (2006)

Pranala luar Sunting

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Chemical warfare.
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Perang kimia melibatkan penggunaan bahan bahan beracun dari substansi substansi kimia sebagai senjata kimia Jenis perang ini berbeda dari perang nuklir dan perang biologi yang secara bersama sama disebut perang NBC yaitu akronim militer untuk perang nuklir biologi dan chemical bahan kimia semuanya dianggap senjata pemusnah massal Tidak ada satu pun dari senjata senjata tersebut yang dikategorikan sebagai senjata konvensional yang biasanya efektif karena potensi destruktif mereka Dengan peralatan pelatihan dan tindakan dekontaminasi protektif dampak dampak utama senjata kimia dapat dikurangi Beberapa negara mencekal bahan bahan kimia yang dapat dijadikan senjata perang Ancaman dan dugaan ancaman senjata kimia telah digunakan sebagai strategi untuk merencanakan tindakan dan tindakan balasan Pemakaian senjata kimia dilarang oleh adat hukum kemanusiaan internasional 1 Daftar isi 1 Lihat pula 2 Catatan 3 Referensi 4 Bacaan tambahan 5 Pranala luarLihat pula SuntingZyklon BCatatan Sunting Rule 74 The use of chemical weapons is prohibited Customary IHL Database International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC Cambridge University Press Referensi SuntingCBWInfo com 2001 A Brief History of Chemical and Biological Weapons Ancient Times to the 19th Century Retrieved November 24 2004 Chomsky Noam March 4 2001 Prospects for Peace in the Middle East page 2 Lecture Cordette Jessica MPH c 2003 Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction Retrieved November 29 2004 Croddy Eric 2001 Chemical and Biological Warfare Copernicus ISBN 0 387 95076 1 Smart Jeffery K M A 1997 History of Biological and Chemical Warfare Retrieved November 24 2004 United States Senate 103d Congress 2d Session May 25 1994 The Riegle Report Diarsipkan 2012 07 06 di Wayback Machine Retrieved November 6 2004 Gerard J Fitzgerald American Journal of Public Health Washington Apr 2008 Vol 98 Iss 4 p 611 Grechko A A 1976 Gody Vojny Voennoe Izdatelstvo Ministerstva Oboronny SSSR Moskva Bacaan tambahan SuntingLeo P Brophy and George J B Fisher The Chemical Warfare Service Organizing for War Office of the Chief of Military History 1959 L P Brophy W D Miles and C C Cochrane The Chemical Warfare Service From Laboratory to Field 1959 and B E Kleber and D Birdsell The Chemical Warfare Service in Combat 1966 official US history Glenn Cross Dirty War Rhodesia and Chemical Biological Warfare 1975 1980 Helion amp Company 2017 Gordon M Burck and Charles C Flowerree International Handbook on Chemical Weapons Proliferation 1991 L F Haber The Poisonous Cloud Chemical Warfare in the First World War Oxford University Press 1986 James W Hammond Jr Poison Gas The Myths Versus Reality Greenwood Press 1999 Jiri Janata Role of Analytical Chemistry in Defense Strategies Against Chemical and Biological Attack Diarsipkan 2022 04 13 di Wayback Machine Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 2009 Ishmael Jones The Human Factor Inside the CIA s Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture Encounter Books New York 2008 revised 2010 ISBN 978 1 59403 382 7 WMD espionage Benoit Morel and Kyle Olson Shadows and Substance The Chemical Weapons Convention Westview Press 1993 Adrienne Mayor Greek Fire Poison Arrows amp Scorpion Bombs Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World Overlook Duckworth 2003 rev ed with new Introduction 2008 Geoff Plunkett Chemical Warfare in Australia Australia s Involvement In Chemical Warfare 1914 Today 2nd Edition 2013 Leech Cup Books A volume in the Army Military History Series published in association with the Army History Unit Jonathan B Tucker Chemical Warfare from World War I to Al Qaeda 2006 Pranala luar Sunting nbsp Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Chemical warfare Official website of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons OPCW Rule 74 The use of chemical weapons is prohibited section on chemical weapons from Customary IHL Database an updated version of the Study on customary international humanitarian law conducted by the International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC and originally published by Cambridge University Press Chemical Warfare information page Diarsipkan 2012 11 13 di Wayback Machine from the Disaster Information Management Research Center of the U S Department of Health and Human Services including links to relevant sources in the U S National Library of Medicine Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Perang kimia amp oldid 21812701