Nepenthes alata Kantong atas di Gunung Ambucao dekat Banaue dan Sagada Luzon utara Status konservasi Risiko Rendah IUCN

Nepenthes alata

Kantong atas Nepenthes alata di Gunung Ambucao, dekat Banaue dan Sagada, Luzon utara.
Status konservasi
Risiko Rendah (IUCN 2.3)
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Plantae
(tanpa takson):	Tracheophyta
(tanpa takson):	Angiospermae
(tanpa takson):	Eudikotil
(tanpa takson):	Inti eudikotil
Ordo:	Caryophyllales
Famili:	Nepenthaceae
Genus:	Nepenthes
Spesies:	N. alata
Nama binomial
*Nepenthes alata* Blanco (1837)
Sinonim
Sinonim Nepenthes blancoi Blume (1852) [after neotypification] Nepenthes cristata Brongn. (1824) [=N. alata/N. madagascariensis] Nepenthes melamphora auct. non Reinw. ex Blume: Fern.-Vill. (1880) Heterokresonim Nepenthes alata auct. non Blanco: Danser (1928) [=N. abalata/N. alata/N. benstonei/ N. copelandii/N. eustachya/N. graciliflora/ N. mindanaoensis/N. mirabilis/ N. negros/N. philippinensis] Nepenthes alata auct. non Blanco: Smythies (1965) [=N. stenophylla] Nepenthes alata auct. non Blanco: Sh.Kurata (1973); Tamin & M.Hotta in M.Hotta (1986); M.Hopkins, Maulder & B.R.Salmon (1990) [=N. alata/N. eustachya] Nepenthes alata auct. non Blanco: Shivas (1984) [=N. gracillima] Nepenthes alata auct. non Blanco: Jebb & Cheek (1997); Cheek & Jebb (2001) [=N. abalata/N. alata]

Nepenthes alata (/n[invalid input: 'ɨ']ˈpɛnθiːz əˈlɑːtə/; Latin: alatus "bersayap") adalah tumbuhan kantong semar yang endemik di Filipina.

Nepenthes alata telah lama diperlakukan sebagai spesies yang sangat polimorfik mencakup semua pulau-pulau besar kepulauan Filipina (dengan kemungkinan pengecualian Palawan). Di bawah batasan yang luas ini, N. alata dipahami memiliki berbagai ketinggian dari 0-1.900 m (0-6.234 kaki) di atas permukaan laut dan tercatat dari, antara lain, pulau Bohol, Camiguin, Cebu, Culion, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Panay, Samar, dan Sibuyan. Nepenthes alata dalam arti luas ini (sensu lato) merupakan salah satu Nepenthes termudah dan paling populer untuk dibudidaya.

Pada tahun 2013, N. alata kembali dibatasi oleh Martin Cheek dan Matthew Jebb yang mencakup hanya populasi dari utara dan tengah Luzon dengan kantong berbulu mencolok (takson dikenal di kalangan hortikultura sebagai "N. alata berbulu"). N. alata sensu stricto Cheek dan Jebb memiliki penyebaran ketinggian di atas 550 m (1.800 kaki). Berdasarkan penafsiran ini, tumbuhan di selatan yang sebelumnya disebut spesies ini ternyata benar-benar mewakili N. graciliflora baru dikeluarkan (hortikultura "N. alata khas"; ditemukan di Bohol, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Panay, Samar, dan Sibuyan) serta N. negros baru dideskripsikan (Biliran dan Negros) dan N. ramos (Mindanao). Nepenthes viridis dari Dinagat dan Samar merupakan kerabat dekat lain, seperti N. ceciliae (Mindanao), N. copelandii (Mindanao), N. extincta (Mindanao), N. hamiguitanensis (Mindanao), N. kitanglad (Mindanao), N. kurata (Mindanao), N. leyte (Leyte), N. mindanaoensis (Dinagat dan Mindanao), N. saranganiensis (Mindanao), dan N. ultra (Luzon). Bersama dengan spesies ini, membentuk apa yang disebut "kelompok N. alata", yang disatukan oleh sejumlah karakter morfologi, seperti tangkai bersayap, tutup dengan rabung pangkal pada permukaan bawah (sering dijabarkan sebagai alat pelengkap), dan kantong atas yang biasanya meluas di dekat dasar.

Deskripsi sunting

Rumus floral untuk bunga jantan adalah ✶ K4 A4+4+1* G0 (mungkin tidak terdapat benang sari apikal /*/) dan ✶ K4 A0 G(4) untuk bunga betina.

Taksonomi sunting

Nepenthes alata berkaitan erat dengan beberapa spesies lain, termasuk N. copelandii, N. mindanaoensis, dan N. saranganiensis. Nepenthes eustachya dari Sumatra pernah dianggap termasuk ke dalam variabilitas N. alata, tetapi didasarkan pada jenis spesimen salah tafsir, dua spesies ini tampaknya tidak terkait erat satu sama lain.

Perbedaan morfologi antara *N. alata* dan *N. eustachya* (Jebb & Cheek, 1997)
Ciri morfologi	N. alata	N. eustachya
Helaian daun	melanset hingga membundar telur	melanset
Ujung daun	meruncing atau menirus	membulat hingga sub-memerisai
Tangkai	bersayap luas	hampir tidak atau tidak bersayap
Taji	sederhana, berbintik akut	sederhana atau menggarpu rangkap
Indumentum	berambut kemerahan atau keputihan	tidak ada di seluruh bagian
Struktur dasar kantong	tekstur mirip pada seluruh kantong, tiba-tiba menirus menuju sulur	menyudut, mengayu, bertahap menirus menuju sulur

Taksa bawah jenis sunting

N. alata f. variegata Hort. ex P.Mann (1996) nom.nud.
N. alata var. biflora Macfarl. (1908) [=N. negros]
N. alata var. ecristata Macfarl. (1908) [=N. kurata]

Hibrida alami sunting

N. alata × N. burkei
N. alata × N. merrilliana [=N. × merrilliata]
? (N. alata × N. merrilliana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × tsangoya]
N. alata × N. mindanaoensis
N. alata × N. mirabilis [=N. × mirabilata]
? N. alata × N. petiolata
N. alata × N. pulchra
N. alata × N. truncata [=N. × truncalata]
N. alata × N. ventricosa [=N. × ventrata]

Referensi sunting

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Bacaan lanjutan sunting

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Pranala luar sunting

Photographs of N. alata at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder

[Blanco1837-1] (Spanyol) Blanco, F.M. 1837. Nepenthes. In: Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo. Sto. Thomas por D. Candido Lopez, Manila. pp. 805–809.

[2] (Latin) Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.

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