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Peningkatan keasaman air laut adalah peristiwa berkurangnya pH lautan yang berada di bumi yang disebabkan oleh penyerapan karbon dioksida dari atmosfer pH berkurang keasaman meningkat 1 Diperkirakan 30 40 karbon dioksida yang dilepaskan oleh manusia ke atmosfer larut ke perairan 2 3 Untuk mempertahankan kesetimbangan kimia sebagian akan bereaksi dengan air membentuk asam karbonat Sebagian dari molekul asam karbonat akan beraksi dengan molekul air membentuk ion bikarbonat dan ion hydronium sehingga meningkatkan keasaman laut Antara tahun 1751 hingga 1994 pH permukaan laut diperkirakan menurun dari 8 25 menjadi 8 14 4 yang merupakan peningkatan konsentrasi ion hydronium sebanyak 30 di lautan 5 6 Perkiraan perubahan pH air laut yang disebabkan oleh karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan manusia sejak tahun 1700 an sampai 1990 an Data dari Global Ocean Data Analysis Project dan World Ocean Atlas Peningkatan keasaman air aut diperkirakan memiliki beragam konsekuensi seperti penurunan laju metabolisme cumi cumi jumbo Dosidicus gigas 7 penurunan sistem imunitas kerang biru 8 dan pemutihan koral Daftar isi 1 Reaksi kimia 2 Lihat pula 3 Referensi 4 Bahan bacaan terkait 5 Pranala luarReaksi kimia suntingCO2 g H2O l nbsp CO2 aq H2O l nbsp H2CO3 aq nbsp HCO3 aq H aq nbsp CO32 aq 2 H aq Reaksi kimia lain juga terjadi sehingga kadar ion karbonat di lautan yang tersedia akan berkurang Hal ini akan menyulitkan bagi hewan laut yang membutuhkan ion karbonat bagi pertumbuhan hidupnya seperti koral untuk proses kalsifikasi tubuhnya dan beberapa jenis plankton Struktur yang mengandung ion karbonat pun akan cepat rapuh karena larut oleh asam 9 Peningkatan keasaman lautan akan memicu gangguan pada rantai makanan yang ada pada dan terhubung dengan lautan 10 11 Sebanyak 105 akademi ilmu pengetahuan telah mengeluarkan rekomendasi untuk mengurangi emisi karbon dioksida global sebanyak setidaknya 50 dari tingkat emisi tahun 1990 12 Peningkatan keasaman air laut telah terjadi sebelumnya dalam sejarah bumi seperti peristiwa Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum PETM 13 yang terjadi setidaknya 56 juta tahun yang lalu dan menyebabkan pelarutan struktur karbonat hewan laut hingga membentuk sedimen di basin lautan di seluruh dunia Lihat pula sunting nbsp Portal Lingkungan Pompa biologis Gas rumah kaca Global Ocean Data Analysis Project Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum Dampak lingkungan dari industri batu baraReferensi sunting Caldeira K 2003 Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH PDF Nature 425 6956 365 365 Bibcode 2001AGUFMOS11C0385C doi 10 1038 425365a PMID 14508477 Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Millero Frank J 1995 Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide system in the oceans Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59 4 661 677 Bibcode 1995GeCoA 59 661M doi 10 1016 0016 7037 94 00354 O Feely R A 2004 Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans Science 305 5682 362 366 Bibcode 2004Sci 305 362F doi 10 1126 science 1097329 PMID 15256664 Parameter month yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Jacobson M Z 2005 Studying ocean acidification with conservative stable numerical schemes for nonequilibrium air ocean exchange and ocean equilibrium chemistry Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 110 D07302 Bibcode 2005JGRD 11007302J doi 10 1029 2004JD005220 Hall Spencer J M 2008 Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification Nature 454 7200 96 9 Bibcode 2008Natur 454 96H doi 10 1038 nature07051 PMID 18536730 Parameter month yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Report of the Ocean Acidification and Oxygen Working Group International Council for Science s Scientific Committee on Ocean Research SCOR Biological Observatories Workshop Rosa R Seibel B 2008 Synergistic effects of climate related variables suggest future physiological impairment in a top oceanic predator P n a s 105 52 20776 20780 Bibcode 2008PNAS 10520776R doi 10 1073 pnas 0806886105 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014 12 06 Diakses tanggal 2013 12 01 Bibby R 2008 Effects of ocean acidification on the immune response of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis Aquatic Biology 2 67 74 doi 10 3354 ab00037 Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Orr James C 2005 Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty first century and its impact on calcifying organisms PDF Nature 437 7059 681 686 Bibcode 2005Natur 437 681O doi 10 1038 nature04095 PMID 16193043 Diarsipkan PDF dari versi asli tanggal 2008 06 25 Diakses tanggal 2013 12 01 Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Cornelia Dean January 30 2009 Rising Acidity Is Threatening Food Web of Oceans Science Panel Says New York Times Robert E Service 13 July 2012 Rising Acidity Brings and Ocean Of Trouble Science 337 6091 146 148 Bibcode 2012Sci 337 146S doi 10 1126 science 337 6091 146 PMID 22798578 IAP June 2009 Interacademy Panel IAP Member Academies Statement on Ocean Acidification Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013 08 06 Diakses tanggal 2013 12 01 Secretariat TWAS the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World Trieste Italy Zachos J C 2005 Rapid acidification of the ocean during the Paleocene Eocene thermal maximum Science 308 5728 1611 1615 doi 10 1126 science 1109004 PMID 15947184 Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Clarke L et al July 2007 Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations Sub report 2 1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2 1 by the U S Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research Washington DC USA Department of Energy Office of Biological amp Environmental Research Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013 06 30 Diakses tanggal 2013 12 01 Pemeliharaan CS1 Penggunaan et al yang eksplisit link Good P et al 2010 An updated review of developments in climate science research since IPCC AR4 A report by the AVOID consortium PDF London UK Committee on Climate Change Diarsipkan dari versi asli PDF tanggal 2018 09 24 Diakses tanggal 2013 12 01 Pemeliharaan CS1 Penggunaan et al yang eksplisit link Report website UK Royal Society September 2009 Geoengineering the climate science governance and uncertainty PDF London UK Royal Society ISBN 978 0 85403 773 5 RS Policy document 10 09 Report website UNEP November 2010 The Emissions Gap Report Are the Copenhagen Accord pledges sufficient to limit global warming to 2 C or 1 5 C A preliminary assessment Nairobi Kenya United Nations Environment Programme UNEP ISBN 978 92 807 3134 7 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011 01 24 Diakses tanggal 2013 12 01 US NRC 2011 America s Climate Choices A report by the Committee on America s Climate Choices US National Research Council US NRC Washington DC USA National Academies Press ISBN 978 0 309 14585 5 WBGU 2006 Special Report The Future Oceans Warming Up Rising High Turning Sour PDF Berlin Germany WBGU ISBN 3 936191 14 X Diarsipkan dari versi asli PDF tanggal 2013 09 19 Diakses tanggal 2013 12 01 Report website Bahan bacaan terkait suntingAntarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre ACE CRC 2008 Position analysis CO2 emissions and climate change Ocean impacts and adaptation issues ISSN 1835 7911 Hobart Tasmania Cicerone R 2004 The Ocean in a High CO2 World PDF Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union American Geophysical Union 85 37 351 353 Bibcode 2004EOSTr 85R 351C doi 10 1029 2004EO370007 Diarsipkan dari versi asli PDF tanggal 2007 03 05 Diakses tanggal 2013 12 01 Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Doney S C 2006 The Dangers of Ocean Acidification Scientific American 294 3 58 65 doi 10 1038 scientificamerican0306 58 ISSN 0036 8733 PMID 16502612 Article preview only Feely R A 2004 Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans Science 305 5682 362 366 Bibcode 2004Sci 305 362F doi 10 1126 science 1097329 PMID 15256664 Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Harrould Kolieb E Savitz J 2008 Acid Test Can We Save Our Oceans From CO2 Oceana Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011 10 09 Diakses tanggal 2013 12 01 Henderson Caspar 2006 08 05 Ocean acidification the other CO2 problem NewScientist com news service Jacobson M Z 2005 Studying ocean acidification with conservative stable numerical schemes for nonequilibrium air ocean exchange and ocean equilibrium chemistry Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 110 D07302 Bibcode 2005JGRD 11007302J doi 10 1029 2004JD005220 Kim Rakhyun E 2012 Is a New Multilateral Environmental Agreement on Ocean Acidification Necessary PDF Review of European Community amp International Environmental Law 21 3 243 258 doi 10 1111 reel 12000 x Kleypas J A R A Feely V J Fabry C Langdon C L Sabine and L L Robbins 2006 Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers A Guide for Further Research Diarsipkan 2011 07 20 di Wayback Machine report of a workshop held 18 20 April 2005 St Petersburg FL sponsored by National Science Foundation NOAA and the U S Geological Survei 88pp Kolbert E 2006 11 20 The Darkening Sea Carbon emissions and the ocean The New Yorker Riebesell U V J Fabry L Hansson and J P Gattuso Eds 2010 Guide to best practices for ocean acidification research and data reporting 260 p Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union Sabine C L 2004 The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2 Science 305 5682 367 371 Bibcode 2004Sci 305 367S doi 10 1126 science 1097403 PMID 15256665 Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Stone R 2007 A World Without Corals Science 316 5825 678 681 doi 10 1126 science 316 5825 678 PMID 17478692 Pranala luar suntingHow Acidification Threatens Oceans from the Inside Out Scientific American August 9 2010 by Marah J Hardt and Carl Safina Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide report by the Royal Society UK AR4 WG1 Chapter 5 Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level Diarsipkan 2017 05 13 di Wayback Machine IPCC State of the Science FACT SHEET Ocean acidification Diarsipkan 2011 07 15 di Wayback Machine NOAA Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center Diarsipkan 2011 08 14 di Wayback Machine CDIAC the primary data analysis center of the U S Department of Energy located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ocean acidification introduction Diarsipkan 2011 07 22 di Wayback Machine USGS Climate change threatening the Southern Ocean Diarsipkan 2009 12 31 di Wayback Machine report by CSIRO The Ocean in a High CO2 World an international science symposium series The Acid Ocean the Other Problem with CO2 Emission David Archer scientist a RealClimate discussion Regularly updated blog of ocean acidification publications and news Jean Pierre Gattuso Task Force on Ocean Acidification in the Pacific Diarsipkan 2007 06 07 di Wayback Machine including recent presentations on ocean acidification Pacific Science Association Ocean Acidification Diarsipkan 2011 07 24 di Wayback Machine a multimedia interactive site from The World Ocean Observatory Acidic Oceans Why should we care Perspectives in ocean science Andrew Dickson Scripps Institution of Oceanography Climate Change Coral Reefs on the Edge Diarsipkan 2010 06 14 di Wayback Machine A video presentation by Prof Ove Hoegh Guldberg on impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs Life in the Sea Found Its Fate in a Paroxysm of Extinction April 30 2012 Ocean acidification virtual lab Diarsipkan 2013 10 07 di Wayback Machine Ocean Acidification Starting with the Science Diarsipkan 2013 12 03 di Wayback Machine a booklet from the Division on Earth amp Life Studies of the United States National Research Council released April 2011 Ocean Acidification Diarsipkan 2013 02 24 di Wayback Machine a United States National Academy of Sciences National Research Council website that includes downloadable figures and interviews with ocean scientists Ancient Ocean Acidification Intimates Long Recovery from Climate Change July 22 2010 Acidification alters fish behavior higher carbon dioxide in oceans may affect brain chemistry February 25 2012 Science News Coordination of international research efforts and synthesis activities in ocean acidification Diarsipkan 2013 10 10 di Wayback Machine IMBER SOLAS Understanding Ocean Acidification Educational Site from Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Education Team Diarsipkan 2013 10 10 di Wayback Machine Dr Francisco Chavez on Ocean Acidification Smithsonian Ocean Portal European Project of Ocean Acidification EPOCA a 4 year long EU initiative to investigate ocean acidification initiated June 2008 Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification BIOACID a German initiative funded by BMBF Ocean Acidification Research Programme UKOARP a 5 year long UK initiative funded by NERC Defra and DECC Research Program on Ocean Acidification Diarsipkan 2011 07 19 di Wayback Machine at the Cluster of Excellence Future Ocean Kiel Ocean Acidification Research Center Diarsipkan 2011 07 19 di Wayback Machine at University of Alaska Fairbanks Effects of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification on Living Marine Organisms Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oceans Atmosphere Fisheries and Coast Guard of the Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation United States Senate One Hundred Tenth Congress First Session May 10 2007 The Environmental and Economic Impacts of Ocean Acidification Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oceans Atmosphere Fisheries and Coast Guard of the Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation United States Senate One Hundred Eleventh Congress Second Session April 22 2010 Ocean Acidification Congressional Research Service Threatening Oceans from the Inside Out How Acidification Affects Marine Life Scientific American The Darkening Sea article in The New Yorker magazine Nov 20 2006 requires registration Growing Acidity of Oceans May Kill Corals Washington Post Scientists Grapple with Ocean Acidification ABC News Ocean Acidification amp Climate by Clayton Sandell ABC News A World Without Whales by Philippe Cousteau The Huffington Post http www oceana org climate solutions oceana acidtest Diarsipkan 2009 09 25 di Wayback Machine Oceana The Acid Ocean Diarsipkan 2011 06 04 di Wayback Machine Stanford University Sea Change Parts One Two and Three The Seattle Times The Other CO2 Problem an EPOCA commissioned educational animation created by students from Ridgeway School Plymouth Acid Test The Global Challenge of Ocean Acidification by Natural Resources Defense Council A Sea Change Imagine a world without fish Diarsipkan 2008 06 09 di Wayback Machine an award winning documentary and related blog about ocean acidification Ocean Acidification in a Nutshell Diarsipkan 2011 01 14 di Wayback Machine by Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand Ocean Acidification An Ecosystem Facing Dissolution by GEOMAR I Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel CO2SYS Diarsipkan 2011 10 14 di Wayback Machine a stand alone executable also available in a version for Microsoft Excel VBA seacarb Diarsipkan 2008 08 21 di Wayback Machine a R package for Windows Mac OS X and Linux also available here pranala nonaktif permanen CSYS a Matlab script Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Peningkatan keasaman air laut amp oldid 23233859