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Alkohol dalam Alkitab Artikel ini adalah tentang kemunculan alkohol dan pemakaiannya dalam Alkitab Lihat pula Pandangan

Alkohol dalam Alkitab

Artikel ini adalah tentang kemunculan alkohol dan pemakaiannya dalam Alkitab. Lihat pula: Pandangan Kristen tentang alkohol

Minuman beralkohol muncul dalam Alkitab Ibrani, setelah Nuh menanam ladang anggur dan menjadi mabuk. Dalam Perjanjian Baru, Yesus secara ajaib membuat sejumlah anggur di perkawinan di Kana. Anggur adalah minuman beralkohol paling umum dalam kesusastraan biblikal, dimana anggur menjadi sumber simbolisme, dan merupakan sebuah bagian penting dari kehidupan sehari-hari pada zaman biblikal. Selain itu, para penduduk Israel kuno meminum biru, dan wine yang terbuat dari buah-buahan selain anggur.

Yesus digambarkan mengubah air menjadi anggur. Maerten de Vos, Perkawinan di Kana, c. 1597, Katedral Santa Maria, Antwerp, Belgia.

Catatan kaki sunting

  1. Six pots of thirty-nine litres each = 234 liters = 61.8 gallons, according to Seesemann, p. 163.
  2. ^ B. S. Easton (1915b).
  3. Broshi (1984), p. 33.
  4. Broshi (1986), p. 46: "In the biblical description of the agricultural products of the Land, the triad 'cereal, wine, and oil' recurs repeatedly (Deut. 28:51 and elsewhere). These were the main products of ancient Palestine, in order of importance. The fruit of the vine was consumed both fresh and dried (raisins), but it was primarily consumed as wine. Wine was, in antiquity, an important food and not just an embellishment to a feast.... Wine was essentially a man's drink in antiquity, when it became a significant dietary component. Even slaves were given a generous wine ration. Scholars estimate that in ancient Rome an adult consumed a liter of wine daily. Even a minimal estimate of 700g. per day means that wine constituted about one quarter of the caloric intake (600 out of 2,500 cal.) and about one third of the minimum required intake of iron."
  5. Waltke (2005), p. 505.

Karya yang dikutip sunting

  • Magen Broshi (1984). "Wine in Ancient Palestine – Introductory Notes". Israel Museum Journal. III: 21–40. 
  • Magen Broshi (1986). "The Diet of Palestine in the Roman Period – Introductory Notes". Israel Museum Journal. V: 41–56. 
  • W. R. F. Browning (2004) [1996]. "Wine". A Dictionary of the Bible. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-860890-5. 
  • Teachout, Robert P., The Use of "Wine" In the Old Testament. Th. D. Dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary, May 1979
  • M. D. Coogan (1993). "Wine". Dalam Bruce Metzger and M. D. Coogan. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-504645-8. 
  • W. Dommershausen (1990). "Yayin". Dalam G. Johannes Botterweck; Helmer Ringgren. Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. VI. trans. David E. Green. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-2330-0. 
  • Ralph Earle (1986). "1 Timothy 5:13". Word Meanings in the New Testament. Kansas City, Missouri: Beacon Hill Press. ISBN 0-8341-1176-4. 
  • Matthew George Easton (1897a). "Vinegar". Easton's Bible Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-22. 
  • Matthew George Easton (1897b). "Wine". Easton's Bible Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-22. 
  • F. S. Fitzsimmonds (1982). "Wine and Strong Drink". Dalam J. D. Douglas. New Bible Dictionary (edisi ke-2nd). Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. ISBN 0-8308-1441-8. 
  • R. Laird Harris; Gleason Archer; Bruce Waltke (1980). Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Moody. 
  • Edwin Hatch & Henry Adeney Redpath (1998). Concordance to the Septuagint. with an extensive Hebrew index by Takamitsu Muraoka appended (edisi ke-2nd). Baker Academic. ISBN 978-0-8010-2141-1. 
  • Hans Wolfgang Heidland (1967). "όξος". Dalam Gerhard Kittel and Ronald E. Pitkin. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. V. trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-2247-9. 
  • William Kaiser; Duane Garrett, ed. (2006). "Wine and Alcoholic Beverages in the Ancient World". Archaeological Study Bible. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-92605-4. 
  • D. Kellermann (1986). "Chomets [et al.]". Dalam G. Johannes Botterweck; Helmer Ringgren. Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. IV. trans. David E. Green. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-2328-9. 
  • Frederic Richard Lees & Dawson Burns (1870). "Appendix C-D". The Temperance Bible-Commentary. New York: National Temperance Society and Publication House. hlm. 431–446. 
  • Henry Liddell; Robert Scott; Henry Stuart Jones; Roderick McKenzie (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-864226-1. 
  • Bruce Lincoln (2005). "Beverages". Dalam Lindsay Jones. Encyclopedia of Religion. 2 (edisi ke-2nd). MacMillan Reference Books. ISBN 978-0-02-865733-2. 
  • Jill Maynard, ed. (1997a). "Drunkenness". Illustrated Dictionary of Bible Life & Times. Pleasantville, New York: The Reader's Digest Association. 
  • Jill Maynard, ed. (1997b). "Wine". Illustrated Dictionary of Bible Life & Times. Pleasantville, New York: The Reader's Digest Association. 
  • Jill Maynard, ed. (1997c). "Wine Making". Illustrated Dictionary of Bible Life & Times. Pleasantville, New York: The Reader's Digest Association. 
  • John McClintock; James Strong (1891). "Wine". Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. X. New York: Harper and Brothers. hlm. 1010–1017. 
  • M. S. and J. L. Miller revising B. M. Bennett, Jr. and D. H. Scott (1996). "The Life of the Farmer: Land Use and Crops". Harper's Encyclopedia of Bible Life (edisi ke-3rd). Castle Books. ISBN 0-7858-0726-8. 
  • Leon Morris (1995). "Additional Note H: The Last Supper and the Passover". The Gospel According to John. New International Commentary on the New Testament (edisi ke-revised). Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-2504-9. 
  • "The New Testament Greek Lexicon (based on Thayer's and Smith's Bible Dictionary plus others)". dari versi asli tanggal 21 January 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-22. 
  • "The Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon (based on the Brown, Driver, Briggs, Gesenius Hebrew and English Lexicon)". dari versi asli tanggal 17 January 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-22. 
  • R. V. Pierard (1984). "Alcohol, Drinking of". Dalam Walter A. Elwell. Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. ISBN 0-8010-3413-2. 
  • Pratt, Richard L. (2003). The Spirit of the Reformation Study Bible. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-92360-2. 
  • I. W. Raymond (1970) [1927]. The Teaching of the Early Church on the Use of Wine and Strong Drink. AMS Press. ISBN 978-0-404-51286-6. 
  • Heinrich Seesemann (1967). "οινος". Dalam Gerhard Kittel and Ronald E. Pitkin. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. V. trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-2247-9. 
  • Joseph Henry Thayer (1977) [1901]. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. Baker. ISBN 0-8010-8872-0. 
  • "Tractate Berakoth 6.1". Diakses tanggal 2007-03-15. 
  • Bruce Waltke (2004). The Book Of Proverbs: Chapters 1–15. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-2545-2. 
  • Bruce Waltke (2005). The Book of Proverbs: Chapters 15–31. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-2776-0. 
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Artikel ini adalah tentang kemunculan alkohol dan pemakaiannya dalam Alkitab Lihat pula Pandangan Kristen tentang alkohol Minuman beralkohol muncul dalam Alkitab Ibrani setelah Nuh menanam ladang anggur dan menjadi mabuk Dalam Perjanjian Baru Yesus secara ajaib membuat sejumlah anggur 1 di perkawinan di Kana Anggur adalah minuman beralkohol paling umum dalam kesusastraan biblikal dimana anggur menjadi sumber simbolisme 2 dan merupakan sebuah bagian penting dari kehidupan sehari hari pada zaman biblikal 2 3 4 Selain itu para penduduk Israel kuno meminum biru dan wine yang terbuat dari buah buahan selain anggur 5 Yesus digambarkan mengubah air menjadi anggur Maerten de Vos Perkawinan di Kana c 1597 Katedral Santa Maria Antwerp Belgia Catatan kaki sunting Six pots of thirty nine litres each 234 liters 61 8 gallons according to Seesemann p 163 a b B S Easton 1915b Broshi 1984 p 33 Broshi 1986 p 46 In the biblical description of the agricultural products of the Land the triad cereal wine and oil recurs repeatedly Deut 28 51 and elsewhere These were the main products of ancient Palestine in order of importance The fruit of the vine was consumed both fresh and dried raisins but it was primarily consumed as wine Wine was in antiquity an important food and not just an embellishment to a feast Wine was essentially a man s drink in antiquity when it became a significant dietary component Even slaves were given a generous wine ration Scholars estimate that in ancient Rome an adult consumed a liter of wine daily Even a minimal estimate of 700g per day means that wine constituted about one quarter of the caloric intake 600 out of 2 500 cal and about one third of the minimum required intake of iron Waltke 2005 p 505 Karya yang dikutip suntingMagen Broshi 1984 Wine in Ancient Palestine Introductory Notes Israel Museum Journal III 21 40 Magen Broshi 1986 The Diet of Palestine in the Roman Period Introductory Notes Israel Museum Journal V 41 56 W R F Browning 2004 1996 Wine A Dictionary of the Bible Oxford University Press USA ISBN 978 0 19 860890 5 Ross Thomas D And be not drunk with wine but be filled with the Spirit in The Doctrine of Sanctification Ph D Dissertation Great Plains Baptist Divinity School 2014 Teachout Robert P The Use of Wine In the Old Testament Th D Dissertation Dallas Theological Seminary May 1979 M D Coogan 1993 Wine Dalam Bruce Metzger and M D Coogan The Oxford Companion to the Bible Oxford University Press USA ISBN 978 0 19 504645 8 W Dommershausen 1990 Yayin Dalam G Johannes Botterweck Helmer Ringgren Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament VI trans David E Green Wm B Eerdmans ISBN 0 8028 2330 0 Ralph Earle 1986 1 Timothy 5 13 Word Meanings in the New Testament Kansas City Missouri Beacon Hill Press ISBN 0 8341 1176 4 Matthew George Easton 1897a Vinegar Easton s Bible Dictionary Diakses tanggal 2007 01 22 Matthew George Easton 1897b Wine Easton s Bible Dictionary Diakses tanggal 2007 01 22 F S Fitzsimmonds 1982 Wine and Strong Drink Dalam J D Douglas New Bible Dictionary edisi ke 2nd Downers Grove Illinois InterVarsity Press ISBN 0 8308 1441 8 R Laird Harris Gleason Archer Bruce Waltke 1980 Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament Moody Edwin Hatch amp Henry Adeney Redpath 1998 Concordance to the Septuagint with an extensive Hebrew index by Takamitsu Muraoka appended edisi ke 2nd Baker Academic ISBN 978 0 8010 2141 1 Hans Wolfgang Heidland 1967 o3os Dalam Gerhard Kittel and Ronald E Pitkin Theological Dictionary of the New Testament V trans Geoffrey W Bromiley Wm B Eerdmans ISBN 0 8028 2247 9 William Kaiser Duane Garrett ed 2006 Wine and Alcoholic Beverages in the Ancient World Archaeological Study Bible Zondervan ISBN 978 0 310 92605 4 D Kellermann 1986 Chomets et al Dalam G Johannes Botterweck Helmer Ringgren Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament IV trans David E Green Wm B Eerdmans ISBN 0 8028 2328 9 Frederic Richard Lees amp Dawson Burns 1870 Appendix C D The Temperance Bible Commentary New York National Temperance Society and Publication House hlm 431 446 Henry Liddell Robert Scott Henry Stuart Jones Roderick McKenzie 1940 A Greek English Lexicon Oxford Clarendon Press ISBN 0 19 864226 1 Bruce Lincoln 2005 Beverages Dalam Lindsay Jones Encyclopedia of Religion 2 edisi ke 2nd MacMillan Reference Books ISBN 978 0 02 865733 2 Jill Maynard ed 1997a Drunkenness Illustrated Dictionary of Bible Life amp Times Pleasantville New York The Reader s Digest Association Jill Maynard ed 1997b Wine Illustrated Dictionary of Bible Life amp Times Pleasantville New York The Reader s Digest Association Jill Maynard ed 1997c Wine Making Illustrated Dictionary of Bible Life amp Times Pleasantville New York The Reader s Digest Association John McClintock James Strong 1891 Wine Cyclopaedia of Biblical Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature X New York Harper and Brothers hlm 1010 1017 M S and J L Miller revising B M Bennett Jr and D H Scott 1996 The Life of the Farmer Land Use and Crops Harper s Encyclopedia of Bible Life edisi ke 3rd Castle Books ISBN 0 7858 0726 8 Pemeliharaan CS1 Menggunakan parameter penulis link Leon Morris 1995 Additional Note H The Last Supper and the Passover The Gospel According to John New International Commentary on the New Testament edisi ke revised Wm B Eerdmans ISBN 978 0 8028 2504 9 The New Testament Greek Lexicon based on Thayer s and Smith s Bible Dictionary plus others Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 January 2007 Diakses tanggal 2007 01 22 The Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon based on the Brown Driver Briggs Gesenius Hebrew and English Lexicon Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 January 2007 Diakses tanggal 2007 01 22 R V Pierard 1984 Alcohol Drinking of Dalam Walter A Elwell Evangelical Dictionary of Theology Grand Rapids MI Baker Book House ISBN 0 8010 3413 2 Pratt Richard L 2003 The Spirit of the Reformation Study Bible Zondervan ISBN 978 0 310 92360 2 I W Raymond 1970 1927 The Teaching of the Early Church on the Use of Wine and Strong Drink AMS Press ISBN 978 0 404 51286 6 Heinrich Seesemann 1967 oinos Dalam Gerhard Kittel and Ronald E Pitkin Theological Dictionary of the New Testament V trans Geoffrey W Bromiley Wm B Eerdmans ISBN 0 8028 2247 9 Joseph Henry Thayer 1977 1901 A Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament Baker ISBN 0 8010 8872 0 Tractate Berakoth 6 1 Diakses tanggal 2007 03 15 Bruce Waltke 2004 The Book Of Proverbs Chapters 1 15 New International Commentary on the Old Testament Wm B Eerdmans ISBN 978 0 8028 2545 2 Bruce Waltke 2005 The Book of Proverbs Chapters 15 31 New International Commentary on the Old Testament Wm B Eerdmans ISBN 978 0 8028 2776 0 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Alkohol dalam Alkitab amp oldid 24497244