Mars Panjang (Oktober 1934 – Oktober 1935) adalah suatu penarikan mundur militer yang dilakukan oleh Tentara Merah Partai Komunis Tiongkok, pendahulu Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat, untuk menghindari pengejaran tentara Kuomintang (KMT atau Partai Nasionalis Tiongkok). Peristiwa tersebut bukanlah satu Mars Panjang, tetapi serangkaian perjalanan jauh, ketika berbagai tentara Komunis di wilayah selatan melarikan diri ke wilayah utara dan barat. Peristiwa yang paling dikenal adalah mars dari provinsi Jiangxi yang dimulai pada Oktober 1934. Tentara Komunis, yang berada dibawah komando Mao Zedong dan Zhou Enlai, melarikan diri dalam sebuah retret memutar ke wilayah barat dan utara, yang dikabarkan berjalan sejauh lebih dari 9.000 kilometer (6.000 mil) selama lebih dari 370 hari.
| Mars Panjang | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
| Pihak terlibat | ||||||
| Partai Nasionalis Tiongkok dan para panglima perang yang bersekutu | Partai Komunis Tiongkok | |||||
| Tokoh dan pemimpin | ||||||
| Chiang Kai-shek Xue Yue Hans von Seeckt Bai Chongxi | Mao Zedong Zhu De Zhou Enlai Peng Dehuai Lin Biao | |||||
| Kekuatan | ||||||
| lebih dari 300.000 | Tentara Merah Front Pertama: 86.000 (Oktober 1934) 7.000 (Oktober 1935) |
| Mars Panjang | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanzi tradisional: | 長征 | |||
| Hanzi sederhana: | 长征 | |||
|
Catatan kaki sunting
- Zhang, Chunhou. Vaughan, C. Edwin. [2002] (2002). Mao Zedong as Poet and Revolutionary Leader: Social and Historical Perspectives. Lexington books. ISBN 0-7391-0406-3. pg 65.
Bacaan tambahan sunting
- Chang, Jung & Halliday, Jon (2005). Mao: The Unknown Story. Alfred A. Knopf. hlm. 814 pages. ISBN 0-679-42271-4.
- Griffith, Samuel B. (translator) (2005). Yu Chi Chan (On Guerrilla Warfare) by Mao Tse-tung (1937). Dover Books on History. hlm. 128 pages. ISBN 0-486-44376-0.
- Jocelyn, Ed & McEwen, Andrew (March 2006). The Long March. Constable and Robinson. hlm. 320 pages. ISBN 1-84529-255-3.
- Kampen, Thomas (2000). Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and the Evolution of the Chinese Communist Leadership. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. hlm. 66–83. ISBN 87-87062-76-3.
- King, Dean (2010). Unbound: A True Story of War, Love, and Survival. Little, Brown and Company. hlm. 432 pages. ISBN 978-0-316-16708-6.
- Bosshardt, Rudolf Alfred (1975). The Guiding hand: Captivity and Answered Prayer in China. Hodder and Stoughton. hlm. 192 pages. ISBN 978-0340175453.
- Salisbury, Harrison Evans (1985). The Long March : The Untold Story. Harper & Row, New York. hlm. 419 pages. ISBN 0-06-039044-1.
- Shuyun, Sun (2008). The Long March: The True History of Communist China's Founding Myth. Anchor. hlm. 304. ISBN 0-307-27831-X.
- Snow, Edgar (1968). Red Star Over China (edisi ke-Revised). Grove Press. hlm. 534 pages. ISBN 0-8021-5093-4.
- Whitson, William W. (1973). The Chinese High Command : A History of Communist Military Politics 1927–71. Praeger. ISBN 0-333-15053-8.
- Wilson, Dick (1971). The Long March 1935: The Epic of Chinese Communism's Survival. Penguin Press. hlm. 283 pages. ISBN 0-14-006113-4.
- Yang, Benjamin (1990). From Revolution to Politics: Chinese Communists on the Long March. Westview Press. hlm. 240 pages. ISBN 0-8133-7672-6.
- Young, Helen Prager (2000). Choosing Revolution: Chinese Women Soldiers on the Long March. University of Illinois Press, pp. 282 pages. ISBN 978-0-252-07456-1
Pranala luar sunting
Wikivoyage memiliki panduan wisata Mars Panjang.
- Key events of the Long March – Account of the Long March by the China Daily
- Retracing Mao's Long March – Report on the modern expeditions by Jocelyn & McEwen along the Long March routes
- The Myth of the 'Turning-Point': Towards a New Understanding of the Long March – Article from 'Bochumer Jahrbuch zur Ostasienforschung' (2001)
- Map of primary route – Locations of the First Front Army route with dates
- Long March routes of the Communist armies – Routes of the First, Second and Fourth Front Armies
- Site of the Zunyi Conference 2007-01-04 di Wayback Machine. – Photo and description of the building in which the landmark 1935 politburo meeting was held
- Luding Bridge 2011-05-19 di Wayback Machine. – Chinese propaganda posters depicting the battle for Luding Bridge
- The Long March: 70 Years On – Official Chinese website marking the 70th Anniversary of Long March
- "Marking the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March" 2007-08-28 di Wayback Machine. – PLA Daily (Peoples Liberation Army newspaper) web portal
- Art on a Long March 2007-09-28 di Wayback Machine. – A contemporary art exhibition presented for the public at sites along the route of Mao's Long March.