www.wikidata.id-id.nina.az

Nashiruddin ath Thusi Muhammad bin Muhammad bin al Hasan at Thūsī Persia محمد بن محمد بن حسن طوسی 24 Februari 1201 26 Ju

Nashiruddin ath-Thusi

Muhammad bin Muhammad bin al-Hasan at-Thūsī (Persia: محمد بن محمد بن حسن طوسی‎ 24 Februari 1201 – 26 Juni 1274), lebih dikenal sebagai Nashiruddin ath-Thusi (Persia: نصیر الدین طوسی; atau hanya Tusi /ˈtuːsi/ di Barat), adalah seorang polimatik, arsitek, filsuf, dokter, ilmuwan, dan ulama Persia. Dia sering dianggap pencetus gagasan trigonometri sebagai suatu disiplin matematika tersendiri. Dia merupakan seorang Muslim Syiah Dua Belas Imam. Cendekiawan Muslim Ibnu Khaldun (1332–1406) menganggap Tusi sebagai yang terbesar dari para cendekiawan Persia kemudian.

Nashiruddin ath-Thusi
Prangko Iran untuk peringatan 700 tahun kematiannya
GelarKhawaja Nasir
Informasi pribadi
Lahir18 Februari 1201
Tus, Khorasan
Meninggal26 Juni 1274(1274-06-26) (umur 73)
Masjid Al-Kazhimiyah, Kazhimiyah, Baghdad, Ilkhanat
AgamaIslam
EtnisPersia
ZamanZaman Kejayaan Islam
WilayahPersia
MazhabImamiyyah
KredoIbnu Sinaisme
Minat utamaIlmu kalam, Filsafat Islam, Astronomi, Matematika, Biologi dan Kedokteran, Fisika, Ilmu Pengetahuan
Ide terkenaltrigonometri sferis, Tandem Tusi
Karya terkenalRawḍa-yi Taslīm, Tajrīd al-'Aqa'id,
Akhlaq-i-Nasri, Zij-i ilkhani,
al-Risalah al-Asturlabiyah,
Al-Tadhkirah fi'ilm al-hay'ah
GuruKamal al-Din Yunus
Pemimpin Muslim
Siswa
  • Shams ad-Din Al-Bukhari
Dipengaruhi oleh
Pengaruh

Biografi sunting

Nashiruddin ath-Thusi lahir di kota Tus di Khorasan abad pertengahan (timur laut Iran) pada tahun 1201 dan mulai dan mulai belajar pada usia dini. Di Hamadan dan Tus dia mempelajari Quran, Hadis, fikih Ja'fari, logika, filsafat, matematika, kedokteran, dan astronomi.

Dia tampaknya dilahirkan dalam keluarga Syiah dan kehilangan ayahnya di usia muda. Memenuhi keinginan ayahnya, Muhammad muda mengikuti pembelajaran dan pendidikan dengan sangat serius dan menempuh perjalanan jauh untuk menghadiri kuliah para cendekiawan terkenal dan memperoleh pengetahuan, sebuah amalan yang sangat dianjurkan dalam iman Islamnya. Pada usia muda, dia pindah ke Nishapur untuk belajar filsafat di bawah Farid al-Din Damad dan matematika di bawah Muhammad Hasib. Dia juga bertemu Attar Nishapur, sang guru sufi legendaris yang kemudian dibunuh oleh pasukan Mongol, dan menghadiri kuliah Qutb al-Din al-Misri.

Di Mosul, dia belajar matematika dan astronomi dengan Kamaluddin bin Yunus (meninggal 639 H/1242 M), seorang murid Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi. Kemudian dia berkorespondensi dengan Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, menantu dari Ibnu Arabi, dan kelihatannya bahwa mistisisme, sebagaimana yang disebarluaskan oleh para guru sufi pada masanya, tidak menarik bagi pemikirannya dan begitu kesempatan cocok, dia menyusun buku petunjuk Sufisme filosofisnya sendiri dalam bentuk buklet kecil berjudul Awsaf al-Ashraf, "Tanda-Tanda Kemuliaan".

Ketika tentara Jenghis Khan menghancurkan tanah airnya, dia dipekerjakan oleh negara Nizari Ismaili dan memberikan kontribusi terpenting dalam ilmu pengetahuan selama masa ini ketika dia berpindah dari satu benteng ke benteng lainnya. Dia ditawan setelah penyerbuan Puri Alamut oleh pasukan Mongol.

Lihat pula sunting

Referensi sunting

  1. ^ Sharaf al-Din al-Muzaffar al-Tusi biography - MacTutor History of Mathematics
  2. Nashiruddin ath-Thusi di Mathematics Genealogy Project
  3. "Tusi". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
  4. Bennison, Amira K. (2009). The great caliphs : the golden age of the 'Abbasid Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. hlm. 204. ISBN 978-0-300-15227-2. Hulegu killed the last ‘Abbasid caliph but also patronized the foundation of a new observatory at Maragha in Azerbayjan at the instigation of the Persian Shi‘i polymath Nasir al-Din Tusi. 
  5. Goldschmidt, Arthur; Boum, Aomar (2015). A Concise History of the Middle East. Avalon Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8133-4963-3. Hulegu, contrite at the damage he had wrought, patronized the great Persian scholar, Nasiruddin Tusi (died 1274), who saved the lives of many other scientists and artists, accumulated a library of 400000 volumes, and built an astronomical ... 
  6. Bar Hebraeus; Joosse, Nanne Pieter George (2004). A Syriac Encyclopaedia of Aristotelian Philosophy: Barhebraeus (13th C.), Butyrum Sapientiae, Books of Ethics, Economy, and Politics : a Critical Edition, with Introduction, Translation, Commentary, and Glossaries. Brill. hlm. 11. ISBN 978-90-04-14133-9. the Persian scholar Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī 
  7. Seyyed Hossein Nasr (2006). Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy. State University of New York Press. hlm. 167. ISBN 978-0-7914-6800-5. In fact it was common among Persian Islamic philosophers to write few quatrains on the side often in the spirit of some of the poems of Khayyam singing about the impermanence of the world and its transience and similar themes. One needs to only recall the names of Ibn Sina, Suhrawardi, Nasir al-Din Tusi and Mulla Sadra, who wrote poems along with extensive prose works. 
  8. Rodney Collomb, "The rise and fall of the Arab Empire and the founding of Western pre-eminence", Published by Spellmount, 2006. pg 127: "Khawaja Nasr ed-Din Tusi, the Persian, Khorasani, former chief scholar and scientist of"
  9. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy, SUNY Press, 2006, ISBN 0-7914-6799-6. page 199
  10. Seyyed H. Badakhchani. Contemplation and Action: The Spiritual Autobiography of a Muslim Scholar: Nasir al-Din Tusi (In Association With the Institute of Ismaili Studies. I. B. Tauris (December 3, 1999). ISBN 1-86064-523-2. page.1: ""Nasir al-Din Abu Ja`far Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Hasan Tusi:, the renowned Persian astronomer, philosopher and theologian"
  11. Glick, Thomas F.; Livesey, Steven John; Wallis, Faith (2005). Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-96930-7. drawn by the Persian cosmographer al-Tusi. 
  12. Laet, Sigfried J. de (1994). History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century. UNESCO. hlm. 908. ISBN 978-92-3-102813-7. the Persian astronomer and philosopher Nasir al-Din Tusi. 
  13. Mirchandani, Vinnie (2010). The New Polymath: Profiles in Compound-Technology Innovations. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 300. ISBN 978-0-470-76845-7. Nasir. al-Din. al-Tusi: Stay. Humble. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, the Persian polymath, talked about humility: “Anyone who does not know and does not know that he does not know is stuck forever in double ... 
  14. "Al-Tusi_Nasir biography". www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. Diakses tanggal 2018-08-05. One of al-Tusi's most important mathematical contributions was the creation of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right rather than as just a tool for astronomical applications. In Treatise on the quadrilateral al-Tusi gave the first extant exposition of the whole system of plane and spherical trigonometry. This work is really the first in history on trigonometry as an independent branch of pure mathematics and the first in which all six cases for a right-angled spherical triangle are set forth. 
  15. "the cambridge history of science". 
  16. electricpulp.com. "ṬUSI, NAṢIR-AL-DIN i. Biography – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-08-05. His major contribution in mathematics (Nasr, 1996, pp. 208-14) is said to be in trigonometry, which for the first time was compiled by him as a new discipline in its own right. Spherical trigonometry also owes its development to his efforts, and this includes the concept of the six fundamental formulas for the solution of spherical right-angled triangles. 
  17. Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad; Badakchani, S. J. (2005), Paradise of Submission: A Medieval Treatise on Ismaili Thought, Ismaili Texts and Translations, 5, London: I.B. Tauris in association with Institute of Ismaili Studies, hlm. 2–3, ISBN 1-86064-436-8 
  18. James Winston Morris, "An Arab Machiavelli? Rhetoric, Philosophy and Politics in Ibn Khaldun’s Critique of Sufism", Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 8 (2009), pp 242–291. [1] 2010-06-20 di Wayback Machine. excerpt from page 286 (footnote 39): "Ibn Khaldun’s own personal opinion is no doubt summarized in his pointed remark (Q 3: 274) that Tusi was better than any other later Iranian scholar". Original Arabic: Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldūn: dirāsah usūlīyah tārīkhīyah / li-Aḥmad Ṣubḥī Manṣūr-al-Qāhirah: Markaz Ibn Khaldūn: Dār al-Amīn, 1998. ISBN 977-19-6070-9. Excerpt from Ibn Khaldun is found in the section: الفصل الثالث و الأربعون: في أن حملة العلم في الإسلام أكثرهم العجم (On how the majority who carried knowledge forward in Islam were Persians) In this section, see the sentence where he mentions Tusi as more knowledgeable than other later Persian ('Ajam) scholars: . و أما غيره من العجم فلم نر لهم من بعد الإمام ابن الخطيب و نصير الدين الطوسي كلاما يعول على نهايته في الإصابة. فاعتير ذلك و تأمله تر عجبا في أحوال الخليقة. و الله يخلق ما بشاء لا شريك له الملك و له الحمد و هو على كل شيء قدير و حسبنا الله و نعم الوكيل و الحمد لله.
  19. Dabashi, Hamid. "Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi: The philosopher/vizier and the intellectual climate of his times". Routledge History of World Philosophies. Vol I. History of Islamic Philosophy. Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman (eds.) London: Routledge. 1996. p. 529
  20. Siddiqi, Bakhtyar Husain. "Nasir al-Din Tusi". A History of Islamic Philosophy. Vol 1. M. M. Sharif (ed.). Wiesbaden:: Otto Harrossowitz. 1963. p. 565
  21. Peter Willey, The Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria, (I.B. Tauris, 2005), 172.
  22. Michael Axworthy, A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind, (Basic Books, 2008), 104.

Bacaan lebih lanjut sunting

  • {{{last}}} (1970–80). "Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn al-Ḥasan". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0684101149. 
  • O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Nasir al-Din Tusi", Arsip Sejarah Matematika MacTutor, Universitas St Andrews .
  • Encyclopædia Iranica, "AḴLĀQ-E NĀṢERĪ", G.M. Wickens [2]
  • Encyclopædia Iranica, "AWṢĀF AL-AŠRĀF", G.M. Wickens [3]
  • Encyclopædia Iranica, "Nasir al-Din al-Tusi" George Saliba [4]

Pranala luar sunting

wikipedia, wiki, buku, buku, perpustakaan, artikel, baca, unduh, gratis, unduh gratis, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, gambar, musik, lagu, film, buku, permainan, permainan.
Tanggal penerbitan:
Muhammad bin Muhammad bin al Hasan at Thusi Persia محمد بن محمد بن حسن طوسی 24 Februari 1201 26 Juni 1274 lebih dikenal sebagai Nashiruddin ath Thusi Persia نصیر الدین طوسی atau hanya Tusi ˈ t uː s i 3 di Barat adalah seorang polimatik arsitek filsuf dokter ilmuwan dan ulama Persia 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Dia sering dianggap pencetus gagasan trigonometri sebagai suatu disiplin matematika tersendiri 14 15 16 Dia merupakan seorang Muslim Syiah Dua Belas Imam 17 Cendekiawan Muslim Ibnu Khaldun 1332 1406 menganggap Tusi sebagai yang terbesar dari para cendekiawan Persia kemudian 18 Nashiruddin ath ThusiPrangko Iran untuk peringatan 700 tahun kematiannyaGelarKhawaja NasirInformasi pribadiLahir18 Februari 1201 Tus KhorasanMeninggal26 Juni 1274 1274 06 26 umur 73 Masjid Al Kazhimiyah Kazhimiyah Baghdad IlkhanatAgamaIslamEtnisPersiaZamanZaman Kejayaan IslamWilayahPersiaMazhabImamiyyahKredoIbnu SinaismeMinat utamaIlmu kalam Filsafat Islam Astronomi Matematika Biologi dan Kedokteran Fisika Ilmu PengetahuanIde terkenaltrigonometri sferis Tandem TusiKarya terkenalRawḍa yi Taslim Tajrid al Aqa id Akhlaq i Nasri Zij i ilkhani al Risalah al Asturlabiyah Al Tadhkirah fi ilm al hay ahGuruKamal al Din Yunus 1 Pemimpin MuslimSiswa Shams ad Din Al Bukhari 2 Dipengaruhi oleh Ibnu Sina Fakhr al Din al Razi Mo ayyeduddin UrdiPengaruh Maitham Al Bahrani Ibnu Khaldun Qutb al Din Shirazi Ibnu asy Syathir Nicolaus Copernicus Daftar isi 1 Biografi 2 Lihat pula 3 Referensi 4 Bacaan lebih lanjut 5 Pranala luarBiografi suntingNashiruddin ath Thusi lahir di kota Tus di Khorasan abad pertengahan timur laut Iran pada tahun 1201 dan mulai dan mulai belajar pada usia dini Di Hamadan dan Tus dia mempelajari Quran Hadis fikih Ja fari logika filsafat matematika kedokteran dan astronomi 19 Dia tampaknya dilahirkan dalam keluarga Syiah dan kehilangan ayahnya di usia muda Memenuhi keinginan ayahnya Muhammad muda mengikuti pembelajaran dan pendidikan dengan sangat serius dan menempuh perjalanan jauh untuk menghadiri kuliah para cendekiawan terkenal dan memperoleh pengetahuan sebuah amalan yang sangat dianjurkan dalam iman Islamnya Pada usia muda dia pindah ke Nishapur untuk belajar filsafat di bawah Farid al Din Damad dan matematika di bawah Muhammad Hasib 20 Dia juga bertemu Attar Nishapur sang guru sufi legendaris yang kemudian dibunuh oleh pasukan Mongol dan menghadiri kuliah Qutb al Din al Misri Di Mosul dia belajar matematika dan astronomi dengan Kamaluddin bin Yunus meninggal 639 H 1242 M seorang murid Sharaf al Din al Tusi 1 Kemudian dia berkorespondensi dengan Sadr al Din al Qunawi menantu dari Ibnu Arabi dan kelihatannya bahwa mistisisme sebagaimana yang disebarluaskan oleh para guru sufi pada masanya tidak menarik bagi pemikirannya dan begitu kesempatan cocok dia menyusun buku petunjuk Sufisme filosofisnya sendiri dalam bentuk buklet kecil berjudul Awsaf al Ashraf Tanda Tanda Kemuliaan Ketika tentara Jenghis Khan menghancurkan tanah airnya dia dipekerjakan oleh negara Nizari Ismaili dan memberikan kontribusi terpenting dalam ilmu pengetahuan selama masa ini ketika dia berpindah dari satu benteng ke benteng lainnya 21 Dia ditawan setelah penyerbuan Puri Alamut oleh pasukan Mongol 22 Lihat pula suntingDaftar cendekiawan Muslim modern Daftar ilmuwan dan cendekiawan Iran pramodern Daftar tokoh Muslim Syiah Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Iran Ilmu pengetahuan Islam abad pertengahan Shen KuoReferensi sunting a b Sharaf al Din al Muzaffar al Tusi biography MacTutor History of Mathematics Nashiruddin ath Thusi di Mathematics Genealogy Project Tusi Random House Webster s Unabridged Dictionary Bennison Amira K 2009 The great caliphs the golden age of the Abbasid Empire New Haven Yale University Press hlm 204 ISBN 978 0 300 15227 2 Hulegu killed the last Abbasid caliph but also patronized the foundation of a new observatory at Maragha in Azerbayjan at the instigation of the Persian Shi i polymath Nasir al Din Tusi Goldschmidt Arthur Boum Aomar 2015 A Concise History of the Middle East Avalon Publishing ISBN 978 0 8133 4963 3 Hulegu contrite at the damage he had wrought patronized the great Persian scholar Nasiruddin Tusi died 1274 who saved the lives of many other scientists and artists accumulated a library of 400000 volumes and built an astronomical Bar Hebraeus Joosse Nanne Pieter George 2004 A Syriac Encyclopaedia of Aristotelian Philosophy Barhebraeus 13th C Butyrum Sapientiae Books of Ethics Economy and Politics a Critical Edition with Introduction Translation Commentary and Glossaries Brill hlm 11 ISBN 978 90 04 14133 9 the Persian scholar Naṣir al Din al Ṭusi Seyyed Hossein Nasr 2006 Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy State University of New York Press hlm 167 ISBN 978 0 7914 6800 5 In fact it was common among Persian Islamic philosophers to write few quatrains on the side often in the spirit of some of the poems of Khayyam singing about the impermanence of the world and its transience and similar themes One needs to only recall the names of Ibn Sina Suhrawardi Nasir al Din Tusi and Mulla Sadra who wrote poems along with extensive prose works Rodney Collomb The rise and fall of the Arab Empire and the founding of Western pre eminence Published by Spellmount 2006 pg 127 Khawaja Nasr ed Din Tusi the Persian Khorasani former chief scholar and scientist of Seyyed Hossein Nasr Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy SUNY Press 2006 ISBN 0 7914 6799 6 page 199 Seyyed H Badakhchani Contemplation and Action The Spiritual Autobiography of a Muslim Scholar Nasir al Din Tusi In Association With the Institute of Ismaili Studies I B Tauris December 3 1999 ISBN 1 86064 523 2 page 1 Nasir al Din Abu Ja far Muhammad b Muhammad b Hasan Tusi the renowned Persian astronomer philosopher and theologian Glick Thomas F Livesey Steven John Wallis Faith 2005 Medieval Science Technology and Medicine An Encyclopedia Psychology Press ISBN 978 0 415 96930 7 drawn by the Persian cosmographer al Tusi Laet Sigfried J de 1994 History of Humanity From the seventh to the sixteenth century UNESCO hlm 908 ISBN 978 92 3 102813 7 the Persian astronomer and philosopher Nasir al Din Tusi Mirchandani Vinnie 2010 The New Polymath Profiles in Compound Technology Innovations John Wiley amp Sons hlm 300 ISBN 978 0 470 76845 7 Nasir al Din al Tusi Stay Humble Nasir al Din al Tusi the Persian polymath talked about humility Anyone who does not know and does not know that he does not know is stuck forever in double Al Tusi Nasir biography www history mcs st andrews ac uk Diakses tanggal 2018 08 05 One of al Tusi s most important mathematical contributions was the creation of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right rather than as just a tool for astronomical applications In Treatise on the quadrilateral al Tusi gave the first extant exposition of the whole system of plane and spherical trigonometry This work is really the first in history on trigonometry as an independent branch of pure mathematics and the first in which all six cases for a right angled spherical triangle are set forth the cambridge history of science electricpulp com ṬUSI NAṢIR AL DIN i Biography Encyclopaedia Iranica www iranicaonline org dalam bahasa Inggris Diakses tanggal 2018 08 05 His major contribution in mathematics Nasr 1996 pp 208 14 is said to be in trigonometry which for the first time was compiled by him as a new discipline in its own right Spherical trigonometry also owes its development to his efforts and this includes the concept of the six fundamental formulas for the solution of spherical right angled triangles Ṭusi Naṣir al Din Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Badakchani S J 2005 Paradise of Submission A Medieval Treatise on Ismaili Thought Ismaili Texts and Translations 5 London I B Tauris in association with Institute of Ismaili Studies hlm 2 3 ISBN 1 86064 436 8 James Winston Morris An Arab Machiavelli Rhetoric Philosophy and Politics in Ibn Khaldun s Critique of Sufism Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 8 2009 pp 242 291 1 Diarsipkan 2010 06 20 di Wayback Machine excerpt from page 286 footnote 39 Ibn Khaldun s own personal opinion is no doubt summarized in his pointed remark Q 3 274 that Tusi was better than any other later Iranian scholar Original Arabic Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun dirasah usuliyah tarikhiyah li Aḥmad Ṣubḥi Manṣur al Qahirah Markaz Ibn Khaldun Dar al Amin 1998 ISBN 977 19 6070 9 Excerpt from Ibn Khaldun is found in the section الفصل الثالث و الأربعون في أن حملة العلم في الإسلام أكثرهم العجم On how the majority who carried knowledge forward in Islam were Persians In this section see the sentence where he mentions Tusi as more knowledgeable than other later Persian Ajam scholars و أما غيره من العجم فلم نر لهم من بعد الإمام ابن الخطيب و نصير الدين الطوسي كلاما يعول على نهايته في الإصابة فاعتير ذلك و تأمله تر عجبا في أحوال الخليقة و الله يخلق ما بشاء لا شريك له الملك و له الحمد و هو على كل شيء قدير و حسبنا الله و نعم الوكيل و الحمد لله Dabashi Hamid Khwajah Nasir al Din Tusi The philosopher vizier and the intellectual climate of his times Routledge History of World Philosophies Vol I History of Islamic Philosophy Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman eds London Routledge 1996 p 529 Siddiqi Bakhtyar Husain Nasir al Din Tusi A History of Islamic Philosophy Vol 1 M M Sharif ed Wiesbaden Otto Harrossowitz 1963 p 565 Peter Willey The Eagle s Nest Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria I B Tauris 2005 172 Michael Axworthy A History of Iran Empire of the Mind Basic Books 2008 104 Bacaan lebih lanjut sunting last 1970 80 Ṭusi Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn al Ḥasan Dictionary of Scientific Biography New York Charles Scribner s Sons ISBN 0684101149 Pemeliharaan CS1 Format tanggal link O Connor John J Robertson Edmund F Nasir al Din Tusi Arsip Sejarah Matematika MacTutor Universitas St Andrews Encyclopaedia Iranica AḴLAQ E NAṢERi G M Wickens 2 Encyclopaedia Iranica AWṢAF AL ASRAF G M Wickens 3 Encyclopaedia Iranica Nasir al Din al Tusi George Saliba 4 Pranala luar suntingRagep F Jamil 2007 Ṭusi Abu Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn al Ḥasan Naṣir al Din al Ṭusi Dalam Thomas Hockey et al The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers New York Springer hlm 1153 5 ISBN 978 0 387 31022 0 PDF version Nasr Seyyed Hossein 2008 1970 80 Al Ṭusi Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Al Ḥasan Usually Known as Naṣir Al Din Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography Encyclopedia com Biography by Islamic Insights Biography by Islamic Philosophy Online Biography by The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Kerry Magruder History of Science Online Islamic and Early Medieval Science University of Oklahoma Islam Online Diarsipkan 2016 03 04 di Wayback Machine http www famousmuslims com NASIR 20AL DIN 20AL TUSI htm Nasir al Din al Tusi Persian scholar Encyclopaedia Britannica britannica com Diakses tanggal 16 January 2014 The Rekhaganita An 18th century Sanskrit translation of Nasir al Din al Tusi s recension of Euclid sElements Richard Covington Rediscovering Arabic Science 2007 Saudi Aramco World Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Nashiruddin ath Thusi amp oldid 19001306