Bahasa Lombard (nama asli lumbàart, lumbard or lombard, bergantung pada ortografi; diucapkan [lũˈbɑːrt] atau [lomˈbart]) ialah bahasa milik kelompok Cisalpine atau Gallo-Italik, dalam bahasa Roman. Ini adalah kelompok varietas homogen yang digunakan oleh setidaknya 3.500.000 penutur asli di Italia Utara (sebagian besar Lombardia dan beberapa kawasan di daerah tetangga, terutama sisi timur Piemonte), Selatan Swiss (Kanton Ticino dan Graubünden), dan Brasil (Botuverá, Santa Catarina). Bahasa yang paling dekat dengan bahasa Lombard adalah Franco-Provençal, bahasa Prancis, bahasa Romania, bahasa Occitan, dan Bahasa Piemonte.
| Bahasa Lombard | |
|---|---|
| lombard/lumbaart (WL) lombard (EL) | |
| Dituturkan di | Italia, Swiss |
| Wilayah | Italia: Lombardia Piemonte Tirol Selatan Trentino Swiss: Graubünden Ticino Brasil: Santa Catarina |
Penutur | 3,9 juta (2002) |
| Dialek | Lombard Barat Lombard Timur |
| Kode bahasa | |
| ISO 639-3 | lmo |
| Glottolog | lomb1257 |
| Linguasfer | 51-AAA-oc & 51-AAA-od |
| Lokasi penuturan | |
Kawasan berbahasa Lombard dengan warna biru, dengan dialek peralihan antara bahasa Lombard dan Bahasa Emilian dengan warna yang lebih terang. Garis hijau menandai bagian dari varietas Barat ke Timur. | |
Artikel ini mengandung simbol fonetik IPA. Tanpa bantuan render yang baik, Anda akan melihat tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain, bukan karakter Unicode. Untuk pengenalan mengenai simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA Portal Bahasa L • B • PW |
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| 06.45, Jumat, 22 September, 2023 (UTC) • hapus singgahan |
Lihat pula Sunting
- Infleksi jamak diakronis dalam bahasa Gallo-Italia
- Bahasa Emiliano-Romagnolo
- Bahasa Sisilia Gallo-Italik
- Garis La Spezia–Rimini
- Bahasa-bahasa Eropa
- Bahasa Liguria
- Daftar bahasa di Eropa
- Bahasa Piemonte
- Pierre Bec
- Bahasa Jamak Roman
- Bahasa Venesia
Rujukan Sunting
- ^ Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups. Westport.
- ^ Moseley, Christopher (2007). Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. New York.
- ^ Coluzzi, Paolo (2007). Minority language planning and micronationalism in Italy. Berne.
- ^ Spoken in Botuverá, in Brazil, municipality established by Italian migrants coming from the valley between Treviglio and Crema. A thesis of Leiden University about Brasilian Bergamasque: [1].
- Bahasa Lombard di Ethnologue (ed. ke-18, 2015)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2019). "Lombard". Glottolog 4.1. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: LMO". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-08-19.
Identifier: LMO / Name: Lombard / Status: Active / Code set: 639-3 / Scope: Individual / Type: Living
- ^ Jones, Mary C.; Soria, Claudia (2015). "Assessing the effect of official recognition on the vitality of endangered languages: a case of study from Italy". Policy and Planning for Endangered Languages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 130. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-04-21.
Lombard (Lumbard, ISO 639-9 lmo) is a cluster of essentially homogeneous varieties (Tamburelli 2014: 9) belonging to the Gallo-Italic group. It is spoken in the Italian region of Lombardy, in the Novara province of Piedmont, and in Switzerland. Mutual intelligibility between speakers of Lombard and monolingual Italian speakers has been reported as very low (Tamburelli 2014). Although some Lombard varieties, Milanese in particular, enjoy a rather long and prestigious literary tradition, Lombard is now mostly used in informal domains. According to Ethnologue, Piedmontese and Lombard are spoken by between 1,600,000 and 2,000,000 speakers and around 3,500,000 speakers respectively. These are very high figures for languages that have never been recognised officially nor systematically taught in school
- "Lombard". thefreedictionary.com. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2018.
- Bishop, Caroline (2 March 2017). "18 interesting facts about Switzerland's fourth language, Romansh". www.thelocal.ch.
- Bonfadini, Giovanni. "lombardi, dialetti" [Lombard dialects]. Enciclopedia Treccani (dalam bahasa Italia).
Daftar pustaka Sunting
- Agnoletto, Attilio (1992). San Giorgio su Legnano - storia, società, ambiente. SBN IT\ICCU\CFI\0249761.
- D'Ilario, Giorgio (2003). Dizionario legnanese. Artigianservice. SBN IT\ICCU\MIL\0625963.
- Bernard Comrie, Stephen Matthews, Maria Polinsky (eds.), The Atlas of languages: the origin and development of languages throughout the world. New York 2003, Facts On File. p. 40.
- Brevini, Franco - Lo stile lombardo: la tradizione letteraria da Bonvesin da la Riva a Franco Loi / Franco Brevini - Pantarei, Lugan - 1984 (Lombard style: literary tradition from Bonvesin da la Riva to Franco Loi )
- Glauco Sanga: La lingua Lombarda, in Koiné in Italia, dalle origini al 500 (Koinés in Italy, from the origin to 1500), Lubrina publisher, Bèrghem.
- Claudio Beretta: Letteratura dialettale milanese. Itinerario antologico-critico dalle origini ai nostri giorni - Hoepli, 2003.
- G. Hull: "The linguistic Unity of Northern Italy and Rhaetia, PhD thesis, University of Sydney, 1982; published as The Linguistic Unity of Northern Italy and Rhaetia: Historical Grammar of the Padanian Language, 2 vols. Sydney: Beta Crucis Editions, 2017.
- Jørgen G. Bosoni: «Una proposta di grafia unificata per le varietà linguistiche lombarde: regole per la trascrizione», in Bollettino della Società Storica dell’Alta Valtellina 6/2003, p. 195-298 (Società Storica Alta Valtellina: Bormio, 2003). A comprehensive description of a unified set of writing rules for all the Lombard varieties of Switzerland and Italy, with IPA transcriptions and examples.
- Tamburelli, M. (2014). Uncovering the ‘hidden’ multilingualism of Europe: an Italian case study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 35(3), 252-270.
- NED Editori: I quatter Vangeli de Mattee, March, Luca E Gioann - 2002.
- Stephen A. Wurm: Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing. Paris 2001, UNESCO Publishing, p. 29.
- Studi di lingua e letteratura lombarda offerti a Maurizio Vitale, (Studies in Lombard language and literature) Pisa: Giardini, 1983
- A cura di Pierluigi Beltrami, Bruno Ferrari, Luciano Tibiletti, Giorgio D'Ilario: Canzoniere Lombardo - Varesina Grafica Editrice, 1970.
- Sanga, Glauco. 1984. Dialettologia Lombarda. University of Pavia. 346pp.
Pranala luar Sunting
Wikipedia juga mempunyai edisi Bahasa Lombard
- Far Lombard This Lombard language association website is a place where you can learn lombard through texts and audio visual materials.
- Lombard language digital library
- Learn Lombard Italian site
- .
- Documenti orali della Svizzera italiana. (dalam bahasa Italia)
- Istituto di dialettologia e di etnografia valtellinese e valchiavennasca 2006-04-22 di Wayback Machine..
- .
- , some video and audio documents (interviews, recordings, etc. of writers from Ticino) in Ticinese varieties (please notice that the metalanguage of this site is Italian, and that some of the interviews are in Italian rather than in Ticinese Lombard).
- UNESCO Red Book on Endangered Languages: Europe. Potentially endangered languages, where Lombard is classified as a potentially endangered language.
- VSI - Vocabolario dei dialetti della Svizzera italiana 2012-06-27 di Wayback Machine..
- in_lombard website dedicated to the Lombard language (in English)
- Lombard basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database