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SpirogyraSpirogyra dengan kloroplas berbentuk heliksnya yang khas Klasifikasi ilmiahDomain Eukaryota tanpa takson ArchaeplastidaKerajaan Plantae tanpa takson StreptophytaKelas ZygnematophyceaeOrdo ZygnematalesFamili ZygnemataceaeGenus SpirogyraLink in C G Nees 1820Spesies tipeSpirogyra porticalis O F Muller DumortierSpesiesLebih dari 400 lihat teks SinonimConjugata Vaucher 1803 1 Jugalis Schrank 1814 2 SpirogyraSpirogyra genus dari ganggang hijau dari ordo Zygnematales Ia biasa ditemukan di air tawar Spirogyra mampu berfotosintesis memiliki sel eukariotik Pigmen utama yang dikandung alga hijau adalah klorofil Tubuhnya berbentuk filamen yang tidak bercabang Panjang tubuhnya mencapai 1 kaki 30 48 cm Benang tersusun oleh protoplasma yang transparan dan setiap sel memiliki 1 atau lebih kloropas yang memanjang dari ujung ke ujung berbentuk spiral Pada kloropas yang berbentuk pita terdapat pirenoid Pirenoid tersebut dikelilingi oleh butiran tepung Sel tunggal spyrogyraSel spirogyra memiliki inti yang terletak di tengah sitoplasmanya terbungkus oleh dinding sel serta memiliki vakuola yang besar Lapisan gelatin yang tipis melindungi seluruh sel sehingga memberikan karakter tertentu pada spirogyra Pada siang hari fotosintesis berlangsung cepat dan oksigen yang dihasilkan disimpan di antara filamen Pada saat itu Spirogyra akan naik ke permukaan air Pada malam hari oksigen dilarutkan kembali ke dalam air Spirogyra biasanya mengumpul membentuk tumpukan karpet hijau yang apabila dipegang terasa liat melengket didasar perairanSpirogyra bereproduksi dengan cara konjugasi fragmentasi pemutusan talus Spesies suntingSpesies berikut ini saat ini diterima 3 Spirogyra abbreviata Zheng Spirogyra acanthophora Skuja Czurda Spirogyra acumbentis Vodenicarov Spirogyra adjerensis Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra adnata Vaucher Kutzing Spirogyra adornata Ling Spirogyra aequinoctialis G S West Spirogyra affinis Hassall Petit Spirogyra africana F E Fritsch Czurda Spirogyra ahmedabadensis Kamat Spirogyra alpina Kutzing Spirogyra alternata Kutzing Spirogyra amplectens Skuja Spirogyra ampliata L Liu Spirogyra anchora Skuja Spirogyra angolensis Welwitsch Spirogyra angulata Nipkow Spirogyra anomala Bhashyakarla Rao Spirogyra anzygoapora Singh Spirogyra aphanosculpta Skuja Spirogyra aplanospora Randhawa Spirogyra arcta C Agardh Endlichter Spirogyra arcuata Liu Spirogyra areolata Lagerheim Spirogyra arizonensis Rickert amp Hoshaw Spirogyra arthuri Woodhead amp Tweed Spirogyra articulata Transeau Spirogyra asiatica Czurda Spirogyra atasiana Czurda Spirogyra atrobrunnea Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra aubvillei Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra australica Czurda Spirogyra australiensis K Mobius Spirogyra austriaca Czurda Spirogyra azygospora Singh Spirogyra baileyi Schmidle Spirogyra batekiana Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra bellis Hassall P Crouan amp H Crouan Spirogyra bicalyptrata Czurda Spirogyra bichromatophora Randhawa Transeau Spirogyra biformis C C Jao Spirogyra biharensis A M Verma amp B Kumari Spirogyra bii Kadlubowska Spirogyra bireticulata Liu Spirogyra borealis Zheng amp Ling Spirogyra borgeana Transeau Spirogyra borgei Kadlubowska Spirogyra borkuense Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra borysthenica Kasanowsky amp Smirnoff Smirnov Spirogyra bourrellyana Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra braziliensis Nordstedt Transeau Spirogyra britannica Godward Spirogyra brunnea Czurda Spirogyra buchetii Petit Spirogyra bullata C C Jao Spirogyra calcarea Transeau Spirogyra calchaquiesiae B Tracanna Spirogyra californica Stancheva J D Hall McCourt amp Sheath Spirogyra calospora Cleve Spirogyra canaliculata Segar Spirogyra cardinia S H Lewis Spirogyra caroliniana G E Dillard Spirogyra castanacea G C Couch Spirogyra cataeniformis Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra catenaeformis Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra cavata Vodenicarov Spirogyra chakiaensis Bhashyakarla Rao Kreiger Spirogyra chandigarhensis Spirogyra chekiangensis C C Jao Spirogyra chenii C C Jao Spirogyra chungkingensis C C Jao Spirogyra chuniae C C Jao Spirogyra circumlineata Transeau Spirogyra clavata Segar Spirogyra cleveana Transeau Spirogyra colligata Hodgetts Spirogyra columbiana Czurda Spirogyra communis Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra condensata Vaucher Dumortier Spirogyra congolensis Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra conspicua Gay Spirogyra convoluta Spirogyra corrugata Woodhead amp Tweed Spirogyra costata Kadlubowska Spirogyra costulata Kadlubowska Spirogyra coumbiana Czurda Spirogyra crassa Kutzing Kutzing Spirogyra crassispina C C Jao Spirogyra crassiuscula Wittrock amp Nordstedt Transeau Spirogyra crassivallicularis C C Jao Spirogyra crassoidea Transeau Transeau Spirogyra crenulata Singh Spirogyra croasdaleae Blum Spirogyra cyanosporum Spirogyra cylindrica Czurda Spirogyra cylindrosperma West amp G S West Krieger Spirogyra cylindrospora West amp G S West Spirogyra czubinskii Kadlubowska Spirogyra czurdae Misra Spirogyra czurdiana Kadlubowska Spirogyra dacimina O F Muller Kutzing Spirogyra daedalea Lagerheim Spirogyra daedaleoides Czurda Spirogyra danica Kadlubowska Spirogyra decimina O F Muller Dumortier Spirogyra densa Kutzing Spirogyra denticulata Transeau Spirogyra dentireticulata C C Jao Spirogyra desikacharyensis Rattan Spirogyra dialyderma Ling amp Zheng Spirogyra dicephala C C Jao amp H Z Zhu Spirogyra dictyospora C C Jao Spirogyra diluta H C Wood Spirogyra dimorpha Geitler Spirogyra discoidea Transeau Spirogyra distenta Transeau Spirogyra diversizygotica V I Polyanskij L A Rundina Spirogyra djalonensis Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra djiliense Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra dodgeana Spirogyra drilonensis Petkoff Spirogyra dubia Kutzing Spirogyra echinata Tiffany Spirogyra echinospora Blum Spirogyra eillipsospora Transeau Spirogyra elegans Wollny Spirogyra elegantissima Y J Ling amp Y M Zheng Spirogyra ellipsospora Transeau Spirogyra elliptica C C Jao Spirogyra elongata H C Wood H C Wood Spirogyra elongata Vaucher Dumortier Spirogyra emilianensis Bonhomme Spirogyra endogranulata O Bock amp W Bock Spirogyra exilis West amp G S West Spirogyra fallax Hansgirg Wille Spirogyra fassula Zheng Spirogyra favosa Y X Wei amp Y K Yung Spirogyra fennica Cedercreutz Spirogyra ferruginea H W Liang Spirogyra flavescens Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra flavicans Kutzing Spirogyra fluviatilis Hilse Spirogyra formosa Transeau Czurda Spirogyra fossa C C Jao Spirogyra fossulata C C Jao amp Hu Spirogyra foveolata Transeau Czurda Spirogyra franconica O Bock amp W Bock Spirogyra frankliniana Tiffany Spirogyra frigida F Gay Spirogyra fritschiana Czurda Spirogyra fukienica Wei Spirogyra fuzhouensis H J Hu Spirogyra gallica Petit Spirogyra gaterslebensis Reith Spirogyra gauthier lievrae Kadlubowska Spirogyra gauthieri Gayral Spirogyra gharbensis Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra ghosei Singh Spirogyra gibberosa C C Jao Spirogyra glabra Czurda Spirogyra globulispora Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra gobonensis Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra goetzei Schmidle Spirogyra gracilis Kutzing Spirogyra granulata C C Jao Spirogyra gratiana Transeau Spirogyra groenlandica Rosenvinge Spirogyra guangchowensis Zhu amp Zhong Spirogyra guineense Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra gujaratensis Kamat Spirogyra gurdaspurensis Rattan Spirogyra haimenensis C C Jao Spirogyra hartigii Kutzing De Toni Spirogyra hassalii Jenner Petit Spirogyra hassallii Jenner ex Hassall P Crouan amp H Crouan Spirogyra hatillensis Transeau Spirogyra heeriana Nageli ex Kutzing Spirogyra henanensis L J Bi L J Bi Spirogyra herbipolensis O Bock amp W Bock Spirogyra heterospora Liu Spirogyra hoehnei O Borge Spirogyra hoggarica Gauthier Lievre Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra hollandiae Taft Spirogyra hopeiensis C C Jao Spirogyra hunanensis C C Jao Spirogyra hungarica Langer Spirogyra hyalina Cleve Spirogyra hymerae Britton amp B H Smith Spirogyra inconstans Collins Spirogyra incrassata Czurda Spirogyra indica Krieger Spirogyra inflata Vaucher Dumortier Spirogyra insignis Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra insueta Zhu amp Zhong Spirogyra intermedia Rabenhorst Spirogyra intorta C C Jao Spirogyra ionia Wade Spirogyra irregularis Nageli ex Kutzing Spirogyra ivorensis Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra iyengarii Kadlubowska Spirogyra jaoensis Randhawa Spirogyra jaoi S H Ley Spirogyra jassiensis Teodoresco Czurda Spirogyra jatobae Transeau Spirogyra jogensis Iyengar Spirogyra jugalis Dillwyn Kutzing Spirogyra juliana Stancheva J D Hall McCourt amp Sheath Spirogyra kaffirita Transeau Spirogyra kamatii Kamat Spirogyra karnalae Randhawa Spirogyra kolae Hajdu Spirogyra koreana J H Kim Y H Kim amp I K Lee Spirogyra krubergii V J Poljanski Spirogyra kundaensis Singh Spirogyra kuusamoensis Hirn Spirogyra labbei Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra labyrinthica Transeau Spirogyra lacustris Czurda Spirogyra lagerheimii Wittrock Spirogyra laka Kutzing Spirogyra lallandiae Taft Spirogyra lambertiana Transeau Spirogyra lamellata Bhashyakarla Rao Krieger Spirogyra lamellosa C C Jao Spirogyra lapponica Lagerheim Spirogyra latireticulata Zheng amp Ling Spirogyra latviensis Czurda Spirogyra laxa Kutzing Spirogyra laxistrata C C Jao Spirogyra lenticularis Transeau Spirogyra lentiformis L J Bi Spirogyra lians Transeau Spirogyra libyca Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra lismorensis Playfair Spirogyra lodziensis Kadlubowska Spirogyra longifissa Wei Spirogyra lubrica Kutzing Spirogyra lucknowensis Prasad amp Dutta Kadlubowska Spirogyra lushanensis L C Li Spirogyra luteospora Czurda Spirogyra lutetiana Petit Spirogyra lymerae Britton amp Smith Spirogyra macrospora C B Rao Krieger Spirogyra maghrebiana Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra major Kutzing Spirogyra majuscula Kutzing Spirogyra malmeana Hirn Spirogyra manormae Randhawa Spirogyra maravillosa Transeau Spirogyra marchica H Krieger Spirogyra margalefii Aboal amp Llimona Spirogyra margaritata Wollny Spirogyra marocana Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra maxima Hassall Wittrock Spirogyra megaspora Transeau Spirogyra meinningensis Spirogyra meridionalis W J Zhu amp Zhong Spirogyra miamiana Taft Spirogyra microdictyon C C Jao amp Hu Spirogyra microgranulata C C Jao Spirogyra micropunctata Transeau Spirogyra microspora C C Jao Spirogyra mienningensis L C Li Spirogyra minor Schmidle Transeau Spirogyra minuticrassoidea Yamagishi Spirogyra minutifossa C C Jao Spirogyra mirabilis Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra miranda Kadlubowska Spirogyra mirifica Zheng amp Ling Spirogyra mithalaensis A M Verma amp B Kumari Spirogyra moebii Transeau Spirogyra monodiana Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra montserrati Margalef Spirogyra multiconjugata N C Ferrer amp E J Caceres Spirogyra multiformis Kadlubowska Spirogyra multistrata Zheng amp Ling Spirogyra multitrata Zheng amp Ling Spirogyra mutabilis C C Jao amp H J Hu Spirogyra narcissiana Transeau Spirogyra natchita Transeau Spirogyra nawaschinii Kasanowsky Spirogyra neglecta Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra neorhizobranchialis C C Jao amp Zheng Spirogyra nitida O F Muller Leiblein Spirogyra nodifera O Bock amp W Bock Spirogyra notabilis Taft Spirogyra nova angliae Transeau Spirogyra novae angliae Transeau Spirogyra nyctigama Taft Spirogyra oblata C C Jao Spirogyra oblonga Liu Spirogyra obovata C C Jao Spirogyra occidentalis Transeau Czurda Spirogyra oligocarpa C C Jao Spirogyra olivascens Rabenhorst Spirogyra ollicola C C Jao amp Zhong Spirogyra oltmannsii Huber Pestalozzi Spirogyra orientalis West amp G S West Spirogyra orthospira Nageli Spirogyra ouarsenica Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra oudhensis Randhawa Spirogyra ovigera Montagne Spirogyra pachyderma Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra palghatensis Erady Spirogyra paludosa Czurda Spirogyra papulata C C Jao Spirogyra paradoxa Bhashyakarla Rao Spirogyra paraguayensis O Borge Spirogyra parva Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra parvispora H C Wood Spirogyra parvula Transeau Czurda Spirogyra pascheriana Czurda Spirogyra patliputri A M Verma amp B Kumari Spirogyra peipeingensis C C Jao Spirogyra pellucida Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra perforans Transeau Spirogyra plena West amp G S West Czurda Spirogyra poljanskii Kadlubowska Spirogyra polymorpha Kirchner Spirogyra polytaeniata Strasburger Spirogyra porangabae Transeau Spirogyra porticalis O F Muller Dumortier type Spirogyra pratensis Transeau Spirogyra princeps Vaucher Link ex Meyen Spirogyra proavita Langer Spirogyra prolifica Kamat Spirogyra propria Transeau Spirogyra protecta H C Wood Spirogyra pseudoaedaloides Kadlubowska Spirogyra pseudobellis W J Zhu amp Zhong Spirogyra pseudocorrugata Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra pseudocylindrica Prescott Spirogyra pseudogibberosa Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra pseudogranulata S H Ley Spirogyra pseudojuergensii H Silva Spirogyra pseudomaiuscula Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra pseudomajuscula Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra pseudomaxima Kadlubowska Spirogyra pseudoneglecta Czurda Spirogyra pseudonodifera O Bock amp W Bock Spirogyra pseudoplena Liu Spirogyra pseudopulchrata C C Jao Spirogyra pseudoreticulata Kreiger Spirogyra pseudorhizopus L J Bi Spirogyra pseudosahnii Kadlubowska Spirogyra pseudospreeiana C C Jao Spirogyra pseudosubreticulata Rickert amp Hoshaw Spirogyra pseudotenuissima O Bock amp W Bock Spirogyra pseudotetrapla Kadlubowska Spirogyra pseudotexensis Bourrelly Spirogyra pseudovarians Czurda Spirogyra pseudovenusta Liu amp Wei Spirogyra pseudowoodii V J Poljanski Spirogyra pulchella H C Wood H C Wood Spirogyra pulchra Alexenko Spirogyra pulchrifigurata C C Jao Spirogyra puncticulata C C Jao Spirogyra punctulata C C Jao Spirogyra quadrata Hassall P Petit Spirogyra quadrilaminata C C Jao Spirogyra quezelii Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra quilonensis Kothari Spirogyra quinina Kutzing Spirogyra quinquilaminata C C Jao Spirogyra randhawae Krieger Spirogyra rattanii Kadlubowska Spirogyra rectangularis Transeau Spirogyra rectispira Merriman Spirogyra regularis Cedercreutz Krieger Spirogyra reinhardii V Chmielevsky Spirogyra reticulata Nordstedt Spirogyra reticulatum Randhawa Spirogyra reticuliana Randhawa Spirogyra rhizobrachialis C C Jao Spirogyra rhizobranchialis C C Jao Spirogyra rhizoides Randhawa Spirogyra rhizopus C C Jao Spirogyra rhodopea Petkoff Spirogyra rivularis Hassall Rabenhorst Spirogyra robusta Nygaard Czurda Spirogyra rugosa Transeau Czurda Spirogyra rugulosa Iwanoff Spirogyra rupestris Schmidle Spirogyra sahnii Randhawa Spirogyra salina Aleem Spirogyra sanjingensis Y Wang amp Z Wang Spirogyra sarmae M Singh amp M Srivastava Spirogyra schmidtii West amp G S West Spirogyra schweickerdtii Cholonky Spirogyra scripta Nygaard Spirogyra scrobiculata Stockmayer Czurda Spirogyra sculpta Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra semiornata C C Jao Spirogyra senegalensis Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra setiformis Roth Martens ex Meneghini Spirogyra shantungensis L C Li Spirogyra shanxiensis Zheng amp Ling Spirogyra shenzaensis Zheng Spirogyra siamensis Transeau Spirogyra siberica Skvortzov Spirogyra silesiaca Kadlubowska Spirogyra sinensis L C Li Spirogyra singularis Nordstedt Spirogyra skujae Randhawa Spirogyra skvortzowii Willi Kreiger Spirogyra smithii Transeau Spirogyra speciosa Liu Spirogyra sphaerica Misra Willi Krieger Spirogyra sphaerocarpa C C Jao Spirogyra sphaerospora Hirn Spirogyra spinescens Kirjakov Spirogyra splendida G S West Spirogyra spreeiana Rabenhorst Spirogyra subaffinis F E Fritsch amp M F Rich Spirogyra subbullata Kadlubowska Spirogyra subcolligata L J Bi Spirogyra subcrassa Woronchin Spirogyra subcrassiuscula L J Bi Spirogyra subcylindrospora C C Jao Spirogyra subechinata Godward Spirogyra subfossulata C C Jao Spirogyra subglabra Zheng amp Ling Spirogyra sublambertiana Zhao Spirogyra subluteospora C C Jao amp Hu Spirogyra submajuscula Ling amp Zheng Spirogyra submargaritata Godward Spirogyra submarina Collins Transeau Spirogyra submaxima Transeau Spirogyra subobovata Chian Spirogyra subpapulatata C C Jao Spirogyra subpellucida C C Jao Spirogyra subpolytaeniata C C Jao Spirogyra subpratensis Woronichin Spirogyra subreflexa Liang amp Wang Spirogyra subreticulata F E Fritsch Spirogyra subsalina Cedercreutz Spirogyra subsalsa Kutzing Spirogyra subsalso punctatulata Kadlubowska Spirogyra subtropica Chian Spirogyra suburbana C C Jao Spirogyra subvelata Kreiger Spirogyra sulcata Blum Spirogyra sundanensis Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra superba L Liu Spirogyra supervarians Transeau Spirogyra szechwanensis C C Jao Spirogyra taftiana Transeau Spirogyra taiyuanensis Ling Spirogyra tandae Randhawa Spirogyra taylorii C C Jao Spirogyra tenuior Transeau Krieger Spirogyra tenuispina Rundina Spirogyra tenuissima Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra teodoresci Transeau Spirogyra ternata Ripart Spirogyra tetrapla Transeau Spirogyra tibetensis C C Jao Spirogyra tjibodensis Faber Spirogyra tolosana Comere Spirogyra torta Blum Spirogyra trachycarpa Skuja Spirogyra transeauiana C C Jao Spirogyra triplicata Collins Transeau Spirogyra trochainii Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra tropica Kutzing Spirogyra tsingtaoensis L C Li Spirogyra tuberculata Lagerheim Spirogyra tuberculosa Liang amp Wang Spirogyra tucumaniae B Tracanna Spirogyra tumida C C Jao Spirogyra turfosa F Gay Spirogyra tuwensis R J Patel amp C K Asok Kumar Spirogyra ugandense Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra unduliseptum Randhawa Spirogyra urbana C C Jao amp Zhong Spirogyra van zantenii Cholonky Spirogyra variabilis C C Jao amp Hu Spirogyra varians Hassall Kutzing Spirogyra variaspora Rickert amp Hoshaw Spirogyra variformis Transeau Spirogyra varshaii Prasad amp Dutta Spirogyra vasishtii Rattan Spirogyra velata Nordstedt Spirogyra venkataramanii Rattan Spirogyra venosa Kadlubowska Spirogyra venusta C C Jao Spirogyra vermiculata C C Jao amp H J Hu Spirogyra verrucogranulata I C A Dias amp C E de M Bicudo Spirogyra verrucosa C B Rao Krieger Spirogyra verruculosa C C Jao Spirogyra voltaica Gauthier Lievre Spirogyra wangii L C Li Spirogyra weberi Kutzing Spirogyra weishuiensis Ling amp Zheng Spirogyra weletischii West amp G S West Spirogyra welwitschii West amp G S West Spirogyra westii Transeau Spirogyra willei Skuja Spirogyra wittrockii Alexenko Spirogyra wollnyi De Toni Spirogyra wrightiana Transeau Spirogyra wuchanensis C C Jao amp H J Hu Spirogyra wuhanensis C C Jao amp H J Hu Spirogyra xiaoganensis Liu Spirogyra xinxiangensis L J Bi Spirogyra yexianensis L J Bi Spirogyra yuin S Skinner amp Entwisle Spirogyra yunnanensis L C Li CReferensi sunting Algaebase entry for Conjugata Diakses tanggal 20 February 2016 Algaebase entry for Jugalis Diakses tanggal 20 February 2016 AlgaeBase entry for SpirogyraPranala luar suntingMicscape Spirogyra Micrographia Spirogyra Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Spirogyra amp oldid 22329962