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Pteranodon t ɪ ˈ r æ n ə d ɒ n dari Yunani πτερόν pteron sayap dan ἀνόδων anodon tak bergigi adalah genus pterosaurus ya

Pteranodon

Pteranodon (/tɪˈrænədɒn/; dari Yunani πτερόν (pteron, "sayap") dan ἀνόδων (anodon, "tak bergigi")) adalah genus pterosaurus yang termasuk beberapa reptil terbang terbesar yang pernah diketahui, dengan rentang sayap melebihi 7 meter (23 kaki). Mereka hidup selama periode geologi Kapur di Amerika Utara yang sekarang dikenal dengan Kansas, Alabama, Nebraska, Wyoming, dan South Dakota. Spesimen fosil Pteranodon telah ditemukan lebih banyak daripada pterosaurus lain, dengan sekitar 1,200 spesimen yang diketahui, sebagian besar terawetkan dengan baik dengan tengkorak-tengkorak yang hampir lengkap dan kerangka yang terartikulasi. Hewan ini termasuk bagian penting dari komunitas hewan dalam Laut Interior Barat.

Pteranodon
Periode
Kapur Akhir, 86–84.5 jtyl
↓

Pteranodon sternbergi
Taksonomi
KerajaanAnimalia
FilumChordata
KelasReptilia
OrdoPterosauria
FamiliPteranodontidae
GenusPteranodon
Marsh, 1876
Tipe taksonomi†Pteranodon longiceps
Tata nama
Sinonim takson
  • Occidentalia Miller, 1972
  • Geosternbergia? Miller, 1978
  • Longicepia Miller, 1978
  • Dawndraco? Kellner, 2010
Spesies lain
  • †P. sternbergi? Harksen, 1966
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Pteranodon adalah pterosaurus, yang berarti bukan termasuk dinosaurus. Secara definisi, seluruh dinosaurus termasuk salah satu dari dua kelompok dalam klad Dinosauria, contohnya Saurischia atau Ornithischia. Dengan demikian, ini tidak termasuk pterosaurus. Namun, Pteranodon seringkali muncul dalam media dinosaurus dan sangat terkait dengan dinosaurus oleh masyarakat umum. Meskipun tidak termasuk dinosaurus, pterosaurus seperti Pteranodon membentuk klad yang berkerabat dekat dengan dinosaurus karena keduanya termasuk dalam klad Avemetatarsalia.

Lihat juga sunting

  • Daftar genera pterosaurus
  • Ukuran pterosaurus

Referensi sunting

  1. Bennett, S.C. (2000). "Inferring stratigraphic position of fossil vertebrates from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas." Current Research in Earth Sciences: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, 244(Part 1): 26 pp.
  2. Bennett, S.C. (1994). "The Pterosaurs of the Niobrara Chalk". The Earth Scientist. 11 (1): 22–25. 

Bacaan lebih lanjut sunting

  • Anonymous. 1872. On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 3(17):374–375. (Probably by O. C. Marsh)
  • Bennett, S. C. 2000. New information on the skeletons of Nyctosaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(Supplement to Number 3): 29A. (Abstract)
  • Bennett, S. C. (2001). "The osteology and functional morphology of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon. Part II. Functional morphology". Palaeontographica, Abteilung A. 260: 113–153. 
  • Bennett, S. C. (2003). "New crested specimens of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Nyctosaurus". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 77: 61–75. doi:10.1007/bf03004560. 
  • Bennett, S. C. (2007). "Articulation and function of the pteroid bone of pterosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (4): 881–891. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[881:aafotp]2.0.co;2. 
  • Betts, C. W. 1871. The Yale College Expedition of 1870. Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 43(257):663–671. (Issue of October, 1871)
  • Bonner, O. W. 1964. An osteological study of Nyctosaurus and Trinacromerum with a description of a new species of Nyctosaurus. Unpub. Masters Thesis, Fort Hays State University, 63 pages.
  • Brower, J. C. (1983). "The aerodynamics of Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus, two large pterosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 3 (2): 84–124. doi:10.1080/02724634.1983.10011963. 
  • Cope, E. D. 1872. On the geology and paleontology of the Cretaceous strata of Kansas. Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories 5:318–349 (Report for 1871).
  • Cope, E. D. (1872). "On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 12 (88): 420–422. 
  • Cope, E. D. (1874). "Review of the Vertebrata of the Cretaceous period found west of the Mississippi River". U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories Bulletin. 1 (2): 3–48. 
  • Eaton, G. F. 1903. The characters of Pteranodon. American Journal of Science, ser. 4, 16(91):82–86, pl. 6-7.
  • Eaton, G. F. 1904. The characters of Pteranodon (second paper). American Journal of Science, ser. 4, 17(100):318–320, pl. 19-20.
  • Eaton, G. F. (1908). "The skull of Pteranodon". Science. XXVII: 254–255. 
  • Everhart, M. J. 1999. An early occurrence of Pteranodon sternbergi from the Smoky Hill Member (Late Cretaceous) of the Niobrara Chalk in western Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 18(Abstracts):27.
  • Everhart, M. J. 2005. Oceans of Kansas – A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea. Indiana University Press, 320 pp.
  • Harksen, J. C. (1966). "Pteranodon sternbergi, a new fossil pterodactyl from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas". Proceedings South Dakota Academy of Science. 45: 74–77. 
  • Kripp, D. von. (1943). "Ein Lebensbild von Pteranodon ingens auf flugtechnischer Grundlage". Nova Acta Leopoldina. N.F. 12 (83): 16–32. 
  • Lane, H. H. 1946. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas, Part III, The Reptiles, Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 49(3):289–332, figs. 1–7.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1871. Scientific expedition to the Rocky Mountains. American Journal of Science ser. 3, 1(6):142–143.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1871. Notice of some new fossil reptiles from the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 1(6):447–459.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1871. Note on a new and gigantic species of Pterodactyle. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 1(6):472.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1872. Discovery of additional remains of Pterosauria, with descriptions of two new species. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 3(16):241–248.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1881. Note on American pterodactyls. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 21(124):342–343.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1882. The wings of Pterodactyles. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 23(136):251–256, pl. III.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1884. Principal characters of American Cretaceous pterodactyls. Part I. The skull of Pteranodon. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 27(161):422–426, pl. 15.
  • Miller, H. W. (1971). "The taxonomy of the Pteranodon species from Kansas". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 74 (1): 1–19. doi:10.2307/3627663. JSTOR 3627663. 
  • Miller, H. W. (1971). "A skull of Pteranodon (Longicepia) longiceps Marsh associated with wing and body parts". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 74 (10): 20–33. doi:10.2307/3627664. JSTOR 3627664. 
  • Padian, K (1983). "A functional analysis of flying and walking in pterosaurs". Paleobiology. 9 (3): 218–239. doi:10.1017/S009483730000765X. 
  • Russell, D. A. 1988. A check list of North American marine cretaceous vertebrates Including fresh water fishes, Occasional Paper of the Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, (4):57.
  • Schultze, H.-P., L. Hunt, J. Chorn and A. M. Neuner, 1985. Type and figured specimens of fossil vertebrates in the collection of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Part II. Fossil Amphibians and Reptiles. Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History 77:66 pp.
  • Seeley, Harry G. 1871. Additional evidence of the structure of the head in ornithosaurs from the Cambridge Upper Greensand; being a supplement to "The Ornithosauria." The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 7:20–36, pls. 2–3. (Discovery of toothless pterosaurs in England)
  • Shor, E. N. 1971. Fossils and flies; The life of a compleat scientist – Samuel Wendell Williston, 1851–1918, University of Oklahoma Press, 285 pp.
  • Sternberg, C. H. 1990. The life of a fossil hunter, Indiana University Press, 286 pp. (Originally published in 1909 by Henry Holt and Company)
  • Sternberg, G. F.; Walker, M. V. (1958). "Observation of articulated limb bones of a recently discovered Pteranodon in the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 61 (1): 81–85. doi:10.2307/3626742. JSTOR 3626742. 
  • Stewart, J. D. 1990. Niobrara Formation vertebrate stratigraphy. pp. 19–30 in Bennett, S. C. (ed.), Niobrara Chalk Excursion Guidebook, The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History and the Kansas Geological Survey.
  • Wang, X.; Zhou, Z. (2004). "Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous". Nature. 429 (6992): 621. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..621W. doi:10.1038/429621a . PMID 15190343. 
  • Wellnhofer, P. 1991. The illustrated encyclopedia of pterosaurs. Crescent Books, New York, 192 pp.
  • Williston, S. W. (1891). "The skull and hind extremity of Pteranodon". American Naturalist. 25 (300): 1124–1126. doi:10.1086/275456. 
  • Williston, S. W. 1892. Kansas pterodactyls. Part I. Kansas University Quarterly 1:1–13, pl. i.
  • Williston, S. W. 1893. Kansas pterodactyls. Part II. Kansas University Quarterly 2:79–81, with 1 fig.
  • Williston, S. W. (1895). "Note on the mandible of Ornithostoma". Kansas University Quarterly. 4: 61. 
  • Williston, S. W. 1896. On the skull of Ornithostoma. Kansas University Quarterly 4(4):195–197, with pl. i.
  • Williston, S. W. 1897. Restoration of Ornithostoma (Pteranodon)" Kansas University Quarterly 6:35–51, with pl. ii.
  • Williston, S. W. (1902). "On the skeleton of Nyctodactylus, with restoration". American Journal of Anatomy. 1 (3): 297–305. doi:10.1002/aja.1000010306. 
  • Williston, S. W. 1902. On the skull of Nyctodactylus, an Upper Cretaceous pterodactyl. Journal of Geology 10:520–531, 2 pls.
  • Williston, S. W. 1902. Winged reptiles. Pop. Science Monthly 60:314–322, 2 figs.
  • Williston, S. W. 1903. On the osteology of Nyctosaurus (Nyctodactylus), with notes on American pterosaurs. Field Mus. Publ. (Geological Ser.) 2(3):125–163, 2 figs., pls. XL-XLIV.
  • Williston, S. W. 1904. The fingers of pterodactyls. Geological Magazine, Series 5, 1: 59–60.
  • Williston, S. W. (1911). "The wing-finger of pterodactyls, with restoration of Nyctosaurus". Journal of Geology. 19 (8): 696–705. Bibcode:1911JG.....19..696W. doi:10.1086/621914 . 
  • Williston, S. W. (1912). "A review of G. B. Eaton's "Osteology of Pteranodon"". Journal of Geology. 20 (3): 288. Bibcode:1912JG.....20..288E. doi:10.1086/621967. 

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Pteranodon t ɪ ˈ r ae n e d ɒ n dari Yunani pteron pteron sayap dan ἀnodwn anodon tak bergigi adalah genus pterosaurus yang termasuk beberapa reptil terbang terbesar yang pernah diketahui dengan rentang sayap melebihi 7 meter 23 kaki Mereka hidup selama periode geologi Kapur di Amerika Utara yang sekarang dikenal dengan Kansas Alabama Nebraska Wyoming dan South Dakota Spesimen fosil Pteranodon telah ditemukan lebih banyak daripada pterosaurus lain dengan sekitar 1 200 spesimen yang diketahui sebagian besar terawetkan dengan baik dengan tengkorak tengkorak yang hampir lengkap dan kerangka yang terartikulasi Hewan ini termasuk bagian penting dari komunitas hewan dalam Laut Interior Barat 1 Pteranodon Periode Kapur Akhir 86 84 5 jtyl PreYe Ye O S D C P T J K Pg N Pteranodon sternbergiTaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasReptiliaOrdoPterosauriaFamiliPteranodontidaeGenusPteranodonMarsh 1876Tipe taksonomi Pteranodon longicepsTata namaSinonim taksonOccidentalia Miller 1972 Geosternbergia Miller 1978 Longicepia Miller 1978 Dawndraco Kellner 2010Spesies lain P sternbergi Harksen 1966lbs Pteranodon adalah pterosaurus yang berarti bukan termasuk dinosaurus Secara definisi seluruh dinosaurus termasuk salah satu dari dua kelompok dalam klad Dinosauria contohnya Saurischia atau Ornithischia Dengan demikian ini tidak termasuk pterosaurus Namun Pteranodon seringkali muncul dalam media dinosaurus dan sangat terkait dengan dinosaurus oleh masyarakat umum 2 Meskipun tidak termasuk dinosaurus pterosaurus seperti Pteranodon membentuk klad yang berkerabat dekat dengan dinosaurus karena keduanya termasuk dalam klad Avemetatarsalia Daftar isi 1 Lihat juga 2 Referensi 3 Bacaan lebih lanjut 4 Pranala luarLihat juga suntingDaftar genera pterosaurus Ukuran pterosaurusReferensi sunting Bennett S C 2000 Inferring stratigraphic position of fossil vertebrates from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas Current Research in Earth Sciences Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 244 Part 1 26 pp Bennett S C 1994 The Pterosaurs of the Niobrara Chalk The Earth Scientist 11 1 22 25 Bacaan lebih lanjut suntingAnonymous 1872 On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas American Journal of Science Series 3 3 17 374 375 Probably by O C Marsh Bennett S C 2000 New information on the skeletons of Nyctosaurus Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 Supplement to Number 3 29A Abstract Bennett S C 2001 The osteology and functional morphology of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon Part II Functional morphology Palaeontographica Abteilung A 260 113 153 Bennett S C 2003 New crested specimens of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Nyctosaurus Palaontologische Zeitschrift 77 61 75 doi 10 1007 bf03004560 Parameter s2cid yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Bennett S C 2007 Articulation and function of the pteroid bone of pterosaurs Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 4 881 891 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2007 27 881 aafotp 2 0 co 2 Betts C W 1871 The Yale College Expedition of 1870 Harper s New Monthly Magazine 43 257 663 671 Issue of October 1871 Bonner O W 1964 An osteological study of Nyctosaurus and Trinacromerum with a description of a new species of Nyctosaurus Unpub Masters Thesis Fort Hays State University 63 pages Brower J C 1983 The aerodynamics of Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus two large pterosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3 2 84 124 doi 10 1080 02724634 1983 10011963 Cope E D 1872 On the geology and paleontology of the Cretaceous strata of Kansas Annual Report of the U S Geological Survey of the Territories 5 318 349 Report for 1871 Cope E D 1872 On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12 88 420 422 Cope E D 1874 Review of the Vertebrata of the Cretaceous period found west of the Mississippi River U S Geological Survey of the Territories Bulletin 1 2 3 48 Eaton G F 1903 The characters of Pteranodon American Journal of Science ser 4 16 91 82 86 pl 6 7 Eaton G F 1904 The characters of Pteranodon second paper American Journal of Science ser 4 17 100 318 320 pl 19 20 Eaton G F 1908 The skull of Pteranodon Science XXVII 254 255 Everhart M J 1999 An early occurrence of Pteranodon sternbergi from the Smoky Hill Member Late Cretaceous of the Niobrara Chalk in western Kansas Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 18 Abstracts 27 Everhart M J 2005 Oceans of Kansas A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea Indiana University Press 320 pp Harksen J C 1966 Pteranodon sternbergi a new fossil pterodactyl from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas Proceedings South Dakota Academy of Science 45 74 77 Kripp D von 1943 Ein Lebensbild von Pteranodon ingens auf flugtechnischer Grundlage Nova Acta Leopoldina N F 12 83 16 32 Lane H H 1946 A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas Part III The Reptiles Kansas Academy Science Transactions 49 3 289 332 figs 1 7 Marsh O C 1871 Scientific expedition to the Rocky Mountains American Journal of Science ser 3 1 6 142 143 Marsh O C 1871 Notice of some new fossil reptiles from the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations American Journal of Science Series 3 1 6 447 459 Marsh O C 1871 Note on a new and gigantic species of Pterodactyle American Journal of Science Series 3 1 6 472 Marsh O C 1872 Discovery of additional remains of Pterosauria with descriptions of two new species American Journal of Science Series 3 3 16 241 248 Marsh O C 1881 Note on American pterodactyls American Journal of Science Series 3 21 124 342 343 Marsh O C 1882 The wings of Pterodactyles American Journal of Science Series 3 23 136 251 256 pl III Marsh O C 1884 Principal characters of American Cretaceous pterodactyls Part I The skull of Pteranodon American Journal of Science Series 3 27 161 422 426 pl 15 Miller H W 1971 The taxonomy of the Pteranodon species from Kansas Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 74 1 1 19 doi 10 2307 3627663 JSTOR 3627663 Miller H W 1971 A skull of Pteranodon Longicepia longiceps Marsh associated with wing and body parts Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 74 10 20 33 doi 10 2307 3627664 JSTOR 3627664 Padian K 1983 A functional analysis of flying and walking in pterosaurs Paleobiology 9 3 218 239 doi 10 1017 S009483730000765X Russell D A 1988 A check list of North American marine cretaceous vertebrates Including fresh water fishes Occasional Paper of the Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology 4 57 Schultze H P L Hunt J Chorn and A M Neuner 1985 Type and figured specimens of fossil vertebrates in the collection of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Part II Fossil Amphibians and Reptiles Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History 77 66 pp Seeley Harry G 1871 Additional evidence of the structure of the head in ornithosaurs from the Cambridge Upper Greensand being a supplement to The Ornithosauria The Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 4 7 20 36 pls 2 3 Discovery of toothless pterosaurs in England Shor E N 1971 Fossils and flies The life of a compleat scientist Samuel Wendell Williston 1851 1918 University of Oklahoma Press 285 pp Sternberg C H 1990 The life of a fossil hunter Indiana University Press 286 pp Originally published in 1909 by Henry Holt and Company Sternberg G F Walker M V 1958 Observation of articulated limb bones of a recently discovered Pteranodon in the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 61 1 81 85 doi 10 2307 3626742 JSTOR 3626742 Stewart J D 1990 Niobrara Formation vertebrate stratigraphy pp 19 30 in Bennett S C ed Niobrara Chalk Excursion Guidebook The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History and the Kansas Geological Survey Wang X Zhou Z 2004 Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous Nature 429 6992 621 Bibcode 2004Natur 429 621W doi 10 1038 429621a nbsp PMID 15190343 Parameter s2cid yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Wellnhofer P 1991 The illustrated encyclopedia of pterosaurs Crescent Books New York 192 pp Williston S W 1891 The skull and hind extremity of Pteranodon American Naturalist 25 300 1124 1126 doi 10 1086 275456 Williston S W 1892 Kansas pterodactyls Part I Kansas University Quarterly 1 1 13 pl i Williston S W 1893 Kansas pterodactyls Part II Kansas University Quarterly 2 79 81 with 1 fig Williston S W 1895 Note on the mandible of Ornithostoma Kansas University Quarterly 4 61 Williston S W 1896 On the skull of Ornithostoma Kansas University Quarterly 4 4 195 197 with pl i Williston S W 1897 Restoration of Ornithostoma Pteranodon Kansas University Quarterly 6 35 51 with pl ii Williston S W 1902 On the skeleton of Nyctodactylus with restoration American Journal of Anatomy 1 3 297 305 doi 10 1002 aja 1000010306 Williston S W 1902 On the skull of Nyctodactylus an Upper Cretaceous pterodactyl Journal of Geology 10 520 531 2 pls Williston S W 1902 Winged reptiles Pop Science Monthly 60 314 322 2 figs Williston S W 1903 On the osteology of Nyctosaurus Nyctodactylus with notes on American pterosaurs Field Mus Publ Geological Ser 2 3 125 163 2 figs pls XL XLIV Williston S W 1904 The fingers of pterodactyls Geological Magazine Series 5 1 59 60 Williston S W 1911 The wing finger of pterodactyls with restoration of Nyctosaurus Journal of Geology 19 8 696 705 Bibcode 1911JG 19 696W doi 10 1086 621914 nbsp Williston S W 1912 A review of G B Eaton s Osteology of Pteranodon Journal of Geology 20 3 288 Bibcode 1912JG 20 288E doi 10 1086 621967 Pranala luar sunting nbsp Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Pteranodon Pteranodon A Photographic Atlas di Oceans of Kansas Paleontology Pencarian Pteranodon sternbergi yang terdokumentasi Oceans of Kansas Paleontology nbsp Artikel bertopik reptil prasejarah ini adalah sebuah rintisan Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya lbs Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Pteranodon amp oldid 19400868