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Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes adalah pertempuran antara Aleksander yang Agung melawan Raja Puru pada 326 SM di tepian Sung

Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes

Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes adalah pertempuran antara Aleksander yang Agung melawan Raja Puru pada 326 SM di tepian Sungai Hydaspes (Jhelum) di daerah Punjab dekat Bhera (Pakistan modern). Kerajaan Paurava yang dipimpin oleh Raja Puru terletak di Punja. Pertempuran ini adalah pertempuran besar terakhir yang dilakukan oleh Aleksander. Raja Puru dan pasukannya melawan pasukan Aleksander dengan sengit dan keras. Aleksander bahkan merasa kagum pada pasukan Raja Puru yang gagah berani.

Pertempuran Hydaspes
Bagian dari Perang Aleksander yang Agung

Lukisan oleh Andre Castaigne yang menggambarkan phalanx menyerang pusat barisan pada Pertempuran Hydaspes
TanggalMei 326 SM
LokasiPunjab, dekat Sungai Hydaspes.
Hasil Kemenangan Makedonia.
Perubahan
wilayah		 Aleksander menguasai Punjab.
Pihak terlibat
Kekaisaran Makedonia
sekutu Yunani
sekutu Persia
sekutu India		 Paurava
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Aleksander yang Agung,
Krateros,
lainnya tidak diketahui		 Raja Puru,
lainnya tidak diketahui
Kekuatan
34,000 infantri,
7,000 kavaleri.		 20,000, 30,000 atau 50,000 infantri,
2,000 - 4,000 kavaleri,
200, 130 ("yang paling mungkin" menurut Green), or 85 gajah perang,
1,000 kereta perang.
Korban
80 - 700 infantri,
230 - 280 kavaleri terbunuh.		 12,000 terbunuh and 9,000 ditawan, atau 23,000 terbunuh, termasuk gajah perang dan prajurit kereta perang.

Meskipun menang, pasukan Aleksander menjadi sangat kelelahan. Mereka pun menolak untuk pergi lebih jauh lagi di India. Akhirnya, setelah menaklukan beberapa klan India di sekitar sungai Indus dan mendirikan kota-kota yang akan berfungsi sebagai pos terdepan serta pusat perdagangan, Aleksander kembali ke Babilonia.

Catatan kaki sunting

  1. Fuller, hlm 198

    "While the battle raged, Craterus forced his way over the Haranpur ford. When he saw that Alexander was winning a brilliant victory he pressed on and, as his men were fresh, took over the pursuit."
  2. Fuller, pg 181

    "Among the many battles fought by invaders who entered the plains of India from the north-west, the first recorded in history is the battle of the Hydaspes, and in Hogarth's opinion, when coupled with the crossing of the river, together they 'rank among the most brilliant operations in warfare'."
  3. According to Arrian 5.14, 6,000 foot and 5,000 horse were under Alexander's command in the battle.
  4. Fuller estimates a further 2,000 cavalry under Craterus' command.
  5. ^ Plutarch 62.1:

    "But this last combat with Porus took off the edge of the Macedonians' courage, and stayed their further progress into India. For having found it hard enough to defeat an enemy who brought but twenty thousand foot and two thousand horse into the field, they thought they had reason to oppose Alexander's design of leading them on to pass the Ganges, too, which they were told was thirty-two furlongs broad and a fathom deep, and the banks on the further side covered with multitudes of enemies."
  6. ^ Arrian, 5.15
  7. ^ Diodorus, 17.87.2
  8. Green, p. 553
  9. Curtius 8.13.6; Metz Epitome 54 (following Curtius)
  10. Plutarch 60.5
  11. ^ Arrian, 5.18
  12. ^ Diodorus 17.89.3
  13. According to Fuller, pg 199, "Diodorus' figures appear more realistic."
  14. Diodorus 17.89.1-2
  15. Peter Connolly. Greece and Rome At War. Macdonald Phoebus Ltd, 1981, hlm. 66
  16. Fuller, hlm. 198.

Referensi sunting

Kuno sunting

Modern sunting

  • Fuller, John (1960). The Generalship of Alexander the Great. New Jersey: De Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80371-0
  • Green, Peter (1974). Alexander of Macedon: A Historical Biography. ISBN 978-0-520-07166-7
  • Harbottle, Thomas Benfield (1906). Dictionary of Battles. New York.
  • Rogers, Guy (2004). Alexander: The Ambiguity of Greatness. New York: Random House.

Pranala luar sunting

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes adalah pertempuran antara Aleksander yang Agung melawan Raja Puru pada 326 SM di tepian Sungai Hydaspes Jhelum di daerah Punjab dekat Bhera Pakistan modern Kerajaan Paurava yang dipimpin oleh Raja Puru terletak di Punja Pertempuran ini adalah pertempuran besar terakhir yang dilakukan oleh Aleksander 15 Raja Puru dan pasukannya melawan pasukan Aleksander dengan sengit dan keras Aleksander bahkan merasa kagum pada pasukan Raja Puru yang gagah berani 16 Pertempuran HydaspesBagian dari Perang Aleksander yang AgungLukisan oleh Andre Castaigne yang menggambarkan phalanx menyerang pusat barisan pada Pertempuran HydaspesTanggalMei 326 SMLokasiPunjab dekat Sungai Hydaspes HasilKemenangan Makedonia 1 2 PerubahanwilayahAleksander menguasai Punjab Pihak terlibatKekaisaran Makedoniasekutu Yunanisekutu Persia sekutu IndiaPauravaTokoh dan pemimpinAleksander yang Agung Krateros lainnya tidak diketahuiRaja Puru lainnya tidak diketahuiKekuatan34 000 infantri 7 000 kavaleri 3 4 20 000 5 30 000 6 atau 50 000 7 infantri 2 000 5 4 000 6 kavaleri 200 6 130 7 yang paling mungkin menurut Green 8 or 85 9 gajah perang 1 000 kereta perang 10 Korban80 11 700 12 13 infantri 230 11 280 12 kavaleri terbunuh 12 000 terbunuh and 9 000 ditawan 14 atau 23 000 terbunuh 11 termasuk gajah perang dan prajurit kereta perang Meskipun menang pasukan Aleksander menjadi sangat kelelahan Mereka pun menolak untuk pergi lebih jauh lagi di India Akhirnya setelah menaklukan beberapa klan India di sekitar sungai Indus dan mendirikan kota kota yang akan berfungsi sebagai pos terdepan serta pusat perdagangan Aleksander kembali ke Babilonia Daftar isi 1 Catatan kaki 2 Referensi 2 1 Kuno 2 2 Modern 3 Pranala luarCatatan kaki sunting Fuller hlm 198 While the battle raged Craterus forced his way over the Haranpur ford When he saw that Alexander was winning a brilliant victory he pressed on and as his men were fresh took over the pursuit Fuller pg 181 Among the many battles fought by invaders who entered the plains of India from the north west the first recorded in history is the battle of the Hydaspes and in Hogarth s opinion when coupled with the crossing of the river together they rank among the most brilliant operations in warfare According to Arrian 5 14 6 000 foot and 5 000 horse were under Alexander s command in the battle Fuller estimates a further 2 000 cavalry under Craterus command a b Plutarch 62 1 But this last combat with Porus took off the edge of the Macedonians courage and stayed their further progress into India For having found it hard enough to defeat an enemy who brought but twenty thousand foot and two thousand horse into the field they thought they had reason to oppose Alexander s design of leading them on to pass the Ganges too which they were told was thirty two furlongs broad and a fathom deep and the banks on the further side covered with multitudes of enemies a b c Arrian 5 15 a b Diodorus 17 87 2 Green p 553 Curtius 8 13 6 Metz Epitome 54 following Curtius Plutarch 60 5 a b c Arrian 5 18 a b Diodorus 17 89 3 According to Fuller pg 199 Diodorus figures appear more realistic Diodorus 17 89 1 2 Peter Connolly Greece and Rome At War Macdonald Phoebus Ltd 1981 hlm 66 Fuller hlm 198 Referensi suntingKuno sunting Diodoros Sikolos 90 30 SM Bibliotheka Historika Quintus Curtius Rufus 60 70 SM Historiae Alexandri Magni Plutarch 75 SM The Life of Alexander the Great Diarsipkan 2007 02 21 di Wayback Machine Parallel Lives Arrian awal abad ke 2 M Metz Epitome Modern sunting Fuller John 1960 The Generalship of Alexander the Great New Jersey De Capo Press ISBN 978 0 306 80371 0 Green Peter 1974 Alexander of Macedon A Historical Biography ISBN 978 0 520 07166 7 Harbottle Thomas Benfield 1906 Dictionary of Battles New York Rogers Guy 2004 Alexander The Ambiguity of Greatness New York Random House Pranala luar sunting Inggris Hydaspes Jhelum Diarsipkan 2018 12 26 di Wayback Machine Inggris Peta Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes Diarsipkan 2010 08 01 di Wayback Machine oleh Jonathan Webb Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes amp oldid 20029738