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Pertempuran Austerlitz atau yang dikenal dengan nama Pertempuran Tiga Kaisar, adalah salah satu dari sekian kemenangan besar yang diraih oleh Napoleon, yang secara efektif menghancurkan kekuatan koalisi ketiga. Pada tanggal 2 Desember 1805, pasukan Prancis yang dipimpin oleh Napoleon secara meyakinkan mengalahkan tentara gabungan Rusia-Austria yang dikomandani oleh Tsar Alexander I setelah mereka bertempur sengit selama 9 jam di berbagai sektor. Pertempuran ini terjadi di daerah Austerlitz sekitar 20 kilometer timur kota Brno di Moravia. Pertempuran ini sering disebut sebagai perang strategi yang cemerlang.

Pertempuran Austerlitz

Bagian dari Perang Koalisi Ketiga

Napoléon di Pertempuran Austerlitz, dilukis oleh François Gérard.

Tanggal	2 Desember 1805
Lokasi	Austerlitz, Moravia
Hasil	Kemenangan Prancis, dan berakhirnya koalisi ketiga

Pihak terlibat

Prancis

Rusia
Austria

Tokoh dan pemimpin

Prancis :
Napoleon Bonaparte

Rusia :
Alexander I dari Rusia
Austria :
Franz II

Kekuatan

65.000

73.000

Korban

1.305 tewas,
6.940 terluka,
573 tertawan,
1 panji hilang

15.000 tewas dan terluka,
12.000 tertawan,
180 meriam hilang,
50 panji hilang

Daftar pustaka Sunting

Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. London: HarperCollins, 2000. ISBN 0-7607-2025-8
Chandler, David G. The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. ISBN 0-02-523660-1
Fisher, Todd & Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2004. ISBN 1-84176-831-6
Tolstoy, Leo. War and Peace. London: Penguin Group, 1982. ISBN 0-14-044417-3
McLynn, Frank. Napoleon: A Biography. New York: Arcade Publishing Inc., 1997. ISBN 1-55970-631-7
Uffindell, Andrew. Great Generals of the Napoleonic Wars. Kent: Spellmount Ltd., 2003. ISBN 1-86227-177-1

Pranala luar Sunting

(Inggris) The Battle of Austerlitz
(Inggris) Austerlitz
(Jerman) The Battle of Austerlitz 2005 2010-06-26 di Wayback Machine.
(Prancis) Austerlitz 2005: la bataille des trois empereurs
(Inggris) Austerlitz: The Battle of the Three Emperors 2006-08-25 di Wayback Machine.
(Inggris) Austerlitz in Internet Movie Database
(Inggris) Austerlitz: The Rise of the Eagle 2018-05-30 di Wayback Machine.

Referensi Sunting

French numbers at the battle vary depending on the account; 65,000, 68,000, 73,000, or 75,000 are other figures often present in the literature. The discrepancy arises because about 7,000 men of Davout's III Corps were not at the battle right when it started. Including or not including these troops is a matter of preference (in this article, they will be included as separate from the 67,000 French soldiers originally on the field). David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon. p. 416 gives 67,000 (without Davout's III Corps)
Allied numbers at the battle vary depending on the account; 73,000, 84,000, or 85,000 are other figures often present in the literature. Andrew Uffindell, Great Generals of the Napoleonic Wars. p. 25 gives 73,000. David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon. p. 417 gives 85,400. In Napoleon and Austerlitz (1997), Scott Bowden writes that the traditional number given for the Allies, 85,000, reflects their theoretical strength, and not the true numbers present on the battlefield.
^ David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon. p. 432

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[frenchnumbers-1] French numbers at the battle vary depending on the account; 65,000, 68,000, 73,000, or 75,000 are other figures often present in the literature. The discrepancy arises because about 7,000 men of Davout's III Corps were not at the battle right when it started. Including or not including these troops is a matter of preference (in this article, they will be included as separate from the 67,000 French soldiers originally on the field). David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon. p. 416 gives 67,000 (without Davout's III Corps)

[alliednumbers-2] Allied numbers at the battle vary depending on the account; 73,000, 84,000, or 85,000 are other figures often present in the literature. Andrew Uffindell, Great Generals of the Napoleonic Wars. p. 25 gives 73,000. David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon. p. 417 gives 85,400. In Napoleon and Austerlitz (1997), Scott Bowden writes that the traditional number given for the Allies, 85,000, reflects their theoretical strength, and not the true numbers present on the battlefield.

[casualties-3] David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon. p. 432