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Pendudukan Filipina oleh Jepang Pendudukan Jepang di Filipina terjadi antara 1942 dan 1945 ketika Kekaisaran Jepang mend

Pendudukan Filipina oleh Jepang

Pendudukan Jepang di Filipina terjadi antara 1942 dan 1945, ketika Kekaisaran Jepang menduduki Persemakmuran Filipina pada masa Perang Dunia II.

Pendudukan Jepang di Filipina
Bagian dari Teater Pasifik Perang Dunia II

Seorang prajurit Jepang berdiri di depan sebuah poster propaganda Amerika pada masa pendudukan Filipina pada 1943.
Pihak terlibat

 Amerika Serikat

 Kekaisaran Jepang

Hukbalahap

Tak berafiliasi para insurgen Muslim Moro
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Jenderal Angkatan Darat Douglas MacArthur
Presiden Manuel L. Quezon
Presiden Sergio Osmeña
Datu Gumbay Piang
Salipada Pendatun
Sultan Sulu Jainal Abirin
Sultan Ramain Alonto		 Gubernur-Jenderal Masaharu Homma
Gubernur-Jenderal Shizuichi Tanaka
Gubernur-Jenderal Shigenori Kuroda
Gubernur-Jenderal Tomoyuki Yamashita
Presiden José P. Laurel

Ketua Luis Taruc

Pasukan
Batalion Moro-Bolo
Maranao Militia

Para penyerang Hukbalahap

Juramentado Moro

Invasi ke Filipina dimulai pada 8 Desember 1941, sepuluh jam setelah serangan Pearl Harbor.

Jepang menduduki Filipina selama tiga tahun, sampai kapitulasi Jepang.

Pada Desember 1944, pulau Leyte dan Mindoro dibersihkan dari para prajurit Jepang.

Antara 500,000 dan 1,000,000 orang Filipina wafat pada masa pendudukan.

Latar belakang Sunting

Artikel utama: Kampanye Filipina (1941–1942)

Jepang melancarkan sebuah serangan di Filipina pada 8 Desember 1941, tepat sepuluh jam setelah serangan Pearl Harbor.

Referensi Sunting

  • This article incorporates public domain text from the Library of Congress July 1994, Retrieved on 11 November 2008
  1. MacArthur General Staff (1994). . Report of General MacArthur: The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific Volume I. GEN Harold Keith Johnson, BG Harold Nelson, Douglas MacArthur. United States Army. hlm. 6. LCCN 66-60005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-12. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2013. 
  • AFP (October 31, 2007). . THE BRUNEI TIMES. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-12-13. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AFP (Oct 28, 2007). . AFP. Archived from the original on 2014-03-17. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Ozawa, Harumi (Nov 6, 2007). "Japanese war veteran speaks of atrocities in the Philippines". TAIPEI TIMES. hlm. 9. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Amler, Dds Mel (2008). Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945-1946. iUniverse. ISBN 0595632602. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Arnold, James R. (2011). The Moro War: How America Battled a Muslim Insurgency in the Philippine Jungle, 1902-1913. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 1608193659. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Brooks, Ronald J. (1995). Under Five Flags (edisi ke-illustrated). Pentland Press. ISBN 1858213223. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
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  • Lim, Julitta Shau Hua (2005). Pussy's in the well: Japanese occupation of Sarawak, 1941-1945 (edisi ke-illustrated). Research and Resource Centre, SUPP Headquarters. ISBN 9834199821. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Eichelberger, Robert L.; Eichelberger, Emma Gudger (1972). Luvaasissue=Issue 2 of Contributions in military history, Jay, ed. Dear Miss Em: General Eichelberger's War in the Pacific, 1942-1945 (edisi ke-illustrated). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 0837162785. ISSN 0084-9251. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
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  • Templat:Cite jstor
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  • Mapes, Victor L. (2000). The Butchers, the Baker: The World War II Memoir of a United States Army Air Corps Soldier Captured by the Japanese in the Philippines. Contributor Scott A. Millsvolume= (edisi ke-illustrated). McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. ISBN 0786406364. Diakses tanggal 20 May 2014.  horizontal tab character di |others= pada posisi 12 (bantuan)
  • Maras, Marie-Helen (2013). The CRC Press Terrorism Reader (edisi ke-illustrated). CRC Press. ISBN 1466588322. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Milligan, Jeffrey Ayala (2005). Islamic Identity, Postcoloniality, and Educational Policy: Schooling and Ethno-Religious Conflict in the Southern Philippines. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1403981574. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Muslim, Macapado Abaton (1994). The Moro armed struggle in the Philippines: the nonviolent autonomy alternative. Office of the President and College of Public Affairs, Mindanao State University. ISBN 9711111306. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • RRayhanR (29 July 2012). . mnlfnet.com. Moro National Liberation Front (Misuari faction). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-18. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • PARRY, RICHARD LLOYD (February 26, 2007). "Dissect them alive: chilling Imperial that order could not be di". THE AUSTRALIAN. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Parry, Richard Lloyd (February 25, 2007). . Times Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-01. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Parry, Richard Lloyd (February 25, 2007). "Dissect them alive: order not to be disobeyed". The Times. dari versi asli tanggal 2007-02-28. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Richard Lloyd Parry (February 25, 2007). "Dissect them alive: order not to be disobeyed". Times Online. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2009. 
  • Rahman, Muhammad A. (1966). Rangkaian tawarikh negeri sabah (dalam bahasa Malay). Volume 2 of Siri Pustaka Sabah. Al-Ahmadiah Press. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Roces, Alfredo R. Filipino Heritage: The Spanish Colonial period (Late 19th Century): The awakening. Volume 7 of Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation, Alfredo R. Roces. Lahing Pilipino Publishing. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Roces, Alfredo R. (1978). Filipino Heritage: The Spanish colonial period (late 19th century). Volume 7 of Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation. Lahing Pilipino Pub. ; [Manila]. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Tan, Andrew T. H., ed. (2007). A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 1847207189. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Tolley, Kemp (2002). Cruise of the Lanikai: Incitement to War (edisi ke-illustrated, reprint). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1557504067. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
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  • Filipinas, Volume 11, Issues 117-128. Filipinas Pub. 2002. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. 
  • Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië, Volume 129. Contributor Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands). M. Nijhoff. 1973. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.  horizontal tab character di |others= pada posisi 12 (bantuan)
  • Darangen: Epic of History. Volume 12 of "Land and people" series. Contributor Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation and Development of Southern Philippines. Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation and Development of Southern Philippines. 1980. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.  horizontal tab character di |others= pada posisi 12 (bantuan)
  • . University of Maryland. CIDCM. Information current as of December 31, 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-21. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 

Catatan Berita Kontemporer Sunting

  • "TERRITORIES: Terror in Jolo". TIME. Dec 1, 1941. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • United Press (Feb 28, 1942). "20,000 MOROS HOLD GROUND". Warsaw Daily Union. hlm. 5. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (Mar 3, 1942). . The Christian Science Monitor. Boston, Mass. hlm. 7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-18. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (Mar 3, 1942). "Philippine Moros Pledge Fight to End Against Foe". St. Petersburg Times. hlm. 7. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (Feb 27, 1942). "Gen. MacArthur's Forces Counter-Attack and Hold Advance Japanese Posts". St. Petersburg Times. hlm. 6. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (Mar 2, 1942). "MORO TRIBESMEN TO BATTLE JAPS". Spokane Daily Chronicle. hlm. 36. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • The Associated Press (Mar 3, 1942). "10,000 Tribesmen Pledge MacArthur Aid to the Death". Youngstown Vindicator. hlm. 19. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (Mar 3, 1942). "10,000 Filippinos Swear to Fight On". The Calgary Herald. hlm. 7. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • United Press (Mar 3, 1942). "NAVY PREPARES FOR OFFENSIVE AGAINST ENEMY". Warsaw Daily Union. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "Americans Make First Substantial Gains On Bataan (Continued From Page 1)". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Feb 26, 1942. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • The News and Courier http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D5NIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cgkNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1830,5570104&hl=en. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)[pranala nonaktif permanen]
  • AP (Mar 3, 1942). "10,000 Moros Vow To Wield Knives Against Japanese". The Lewiston Daily Sun. hlm. 7. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • CAPTAIN HERBERT CURTIS, U. S. Army (Retired), 1695 Davie Street, Vancouver (Jan 13, 1942). "Japanese Infiltration Into Mindanao". The Vancouver Sun. hlm. 4. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "Japs Order (Continued from Page 1)". Reading Eagle. Mar 6, 1942. hlm. 28. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • U.P. (Mar 6, 1942). "FEAR UPRISING IN PHILIPPINES". The Telegraph-Herald. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "FILIPINOS TOLD TO YIELD BOLOS (Continued from Page 1)". Herald-Journal. Mar 7, 1942. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • (A. P.) (Nov 9, 1942). "Erie Captain Suggests Mindanao for Offense". Youngstown Vindicator. hlm. 24. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • DAVIS, SPENCER (May 22, 1945). "TROUBLED FUTURE FACES MOROS IN FREE PHILIPPINES". The Lewiston Daily Sun. hlm. 7. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (May 22, 1945). "Troubled Future Faces Moros In Free Philippines". Lewiston Evening Journal. hlm. 5. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • HURDS, CHARLES (February 27, 1942). "JAPANESE SET BACK; Hit All Along the Line by Bataan Defenders-Lose Outposts in Reverse GUERRILLAS ALSO ACTIVE Attack Enemy in Other Parts of Luzon -- 'Desultory Fighting' Goes On in Mindanao". THE NEW YORK TIMES. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "REICH-MADE PLANES SEEN OVER BATAAN; Japanese Believed Dipping Into Reserves to Keep Up Bombing of Philippine Defenders LANAO MOROS LOYAL TO US Leaders of 10,000 Pledge They Will Never Give Up Fighting Till Invaders Are Defeated". THE NEW YORK TIMES. March 3, 1942. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (Mar 6, 1942). "Japanese Order Filipinos To Surrender Bolo Knives". The Palm Beach Post. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
  • AP (Mar 3, 1942). "More Jap Troops Land In Philippines". The Deseret News. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "Courageous Guerrillas Harass Japs On Bataan". Painesville Telegraph. Mar 2, 1942. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Lee, Clark (Apr 3, 1942). "United States Flag Still Waves Over Major Part of Philippines". The Montreal Gazette. hlm. 3. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Lee, Clark (April 3, 1942). "Most Of Philippines Still Under U.S. Flag". Ottowa Citizen. hlm. 25. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • LEE, CLARKE (Apr 3, 1942). "Most of Philippines Still Under United States Flag". Herald-Journal. hlm. 4. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • LEE, CLARK (Apr 3, 1942). "American Flag Still Flying Over Greater Part of Philippines". Schenectady Gazette. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • The News and Courier http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cI5JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IQwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4808,1706249&hl=en. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)[pranala nonaktif permanen]
  • LEE, CLARK (Apr 3, 1942). "Most of Philippines Still Free of Invading Japanese". St. Joseph Gazette. hlm. 7. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • LEE, CLARK (Apr 3, 1942). "Japs Control Only Small Part Of Philippines". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. hlm. 9. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Lee, Clark (Apr 3, 1942). "Japs Holding Only 5 Isles In Philippines". Youngstown Vindicator. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • FLOYD, NAT (February 14, 1942). "American Force Bombed by Planes, Shelled by Light Artillery -- Igorotes, Moros Help Armored Force in Holding Peninsula". THE NEW YORK TIMES. hlm. 3. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "Igorots Ride (Continued from Page 1)". The Evening Independent. Feb 13, 1942. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • LEE, CLARK (Feb 14, 1942). "Wiry Igorot Natives With Keen Bolo Knives Aid MacArthur's Men". Spokane Daily Chronicle. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • LEE, CLARK (Feb 14, 1942). "Wiry Igorot Natives With Keen Bolo Knives Aid MacArthur's Men". Spokane Daily Chronicle. hlm. 30. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • LEE, CLARK (Feb 16, 1942). "Wiry Igorot Natives With Keen Bolo Knives Aid MacArthur's Men". Spokane Daily Chronicle. hlm. 10. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (Feb 13, 1942). "IGOROTS ON TANKS RIDE AGAINST JAPS". Lawrence Journal-World. hlm. 6. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • THE ASSOCIATED PRESS (Apr 22, 1945). "American Troops Advance Slowly on Okinawa Island". St. Petersburg Times. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "Small Gains (Continued from Page 1)". Herald-Journal. Apr 22, 1945. hlm. 3. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • THE ASSOCIATED PRESS (Apr 22, 1945). "American Troops Advance Slowly on Okinawa Island". St. Petersburg Times. hlm. 39. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • The Rock Hill Herald http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0CUtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=u6QEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1102,470360&hl=en. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)[pranala nonaktif permanen]
  • CAPTAIN HERBERT CURTIS, U.S. Army (Retired), 1695 Davie Street, Vancouver (Jan 13, 1942). "Japanese Infiltration Into Mindanao". The Vancouver Sun. hlm. 4. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (Mar 13, 1945). . The Milwaukee Journal. hlm. 1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-05-13. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "80 Japanese Troop Ships Are Sighted Off Luzon (Continued From Page1)". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Dec 22, 1941. hlm. 7. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "JAPANESE HALTED IN BATAAN ATTACK; Fighting Dwindles After the Repulse of Enemy Drive -- Planes Harry Defenders". THE NEW YORK TIMES. March 31, 1942. hlm. 5. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • The News and Courier http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kY5JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IQwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1369,5123873&hl=en. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)[pranala nonaktif permanen]
  • RUSSELL, HARDING (Mar 21, 1942). "WHY MACARTHUR HELD ON". The Sydney Morning Herald. hlm. 4. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "DEFENDERS OF BATAN (A.A.P.)". The Age. Apr 11, 1942. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "THEY WERE EXPENDABLE CHAPTER X". The Evening Independent. Jan 13, 1943. hlm. 14. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "Outrages Cause Anger; FLOTILLA IS SIGHTED OFF LUZON'S COAST". THE NEW YORK TIMES. December 22, 1941. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "Six Japanese Bombers In New Raid On Manila (Continued from First Page)". Meriden Record. Dec 22, 1941. hlm. 13. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "SITUATION AT DAVAO OBSCURE AS JAPS LAND (Continued from Page 1)". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Dec 21, 1941. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (Dec 21, 1941). "JAPS ATTEMPT NEW INVASION". The Telegraph-Herald. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "THE JAPS SWARM AT DAVAO BUT THE SITUATION OBSCURE (continued from page one)". Nevada Mail. Dec 22, 1941. hlm. 3. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Harris, Henry (Feb 28, 1942). . Daily Boston Globe (1928-1960) - Boston, Mass. hlm. 3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-18. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (April 22). "AMERICANS STRIDE IN MINDANAO DRIVE; Push to Vital Road Junction 32 Miles From Illana Bay---- Win Cagayan Key on Luzon". THE NEW YORK TIMES. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • Boguslav, David (Apr 19, 1945). . The Christian Science Monitor (1908-Current file) - Boston, Mass. hlm. 6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-18. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • WILKINS, H. FORD (June 9, 1946). "ROXAS ESTIMATES PHILIPPINE DEFICIT; Government Expected to Run in Red by $124,000,000 Next Year and Rely on Loans". THE NEW YORK TIMES. hlm. 25. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (May 16, 1945). "LUCKLESS JAPS SAIL BACKWARD". The Spokesman-Review. hlm. 9. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (May 15, 1945). "Backward Sailing Fatal for Japanese". Spokane Daily Chronicle. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "Large Force Is Attacking (Continued from Page One)". Youngstown Vindicator. Dec 21, 1941. hlm. 58. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • "BACK TO THE SULUS". THE NEW YORK TIMES. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 
  • AP (March 12). "MOST OF MINDANAO HELD BY GUERRILLAS". THE NEW YORK TIMES. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014. 

Bacaan tambahan Sunting

  • Agoncillo Teodoro A. The Fateful Years: Japan's Adventure in the Philippines, 1941–1945. Quezon City, PI: R.P. Garcia Publishing Co., 1965. 2 vols
  • Hartendorp A. V.H. The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines. Manila: Bookmark, 1967. 2 vols.
  • Lear, Elmer. The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines: Leyte, 1941–1945. Southeast Asia Program, Department of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University, 1961. 246p. emphasis on social history
  • Steinberg, David J. Philippine Collaboration in World War II. University of Michigan Press, 1967. 235p.

Sumber primer Sunting

  • Ephraim, Frank (2003). Escape to Manila: From Nazi Tyranny to Japanese Terror. University of Illinois Press. hlm. 220. ISBN 9780252028458. 
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Pendudukan Jepang di Filipina terjadi antara 1942 dan 1945 ketika Kekaisaran Jepang menduduki Persemakmuran Filipina pada masa Perang Dunia II Pendudukan Jepang di FilipinaBagian dari Teater Pasifik Perang Dunia IISeorang prajurit Jepang berdiri di depan sebuah poster propaganda Amerika pada masa pendudukan Filipina pada 1943 Tanggal1942 45LokasiFilipinaHasilPemerintahan dalam pengasingan Persemakmuran Filipina 1942 1944 Kemenangan sekutu Pasukan sekutu membebaskan Filipina 1944 1945 Republik Kedua dibubarkanPihak terlibat Amerika Serikat Persemakmuran Filipina Muslim Moro dibawah Gumbay Piang dan Salipada Pendatun Kekaisaran Jepang Republik Filipina KeduaHukbalahap Tak berafiliasi para insurgen Muslim MoroTokoh dan pemimpinJenderal Angkatan Darat Douglas MacArthur Presiden Manuel L Quezon Presiden Sergio OsmenaDatu Gumbay PiangSalipada Pendatun Sultan Sulu Jainal AbirinSultan Ramain AlontoGubernur Jenderal Masaharu Homma Gubernur Jenderal Shizuichi Tanaka Gubernur Jenderal Shigenori Kuroda Gubernur Jenderal Tomoyuki Yamashita Presiden Jose P LaurelKetua Luis TarucPasukanBatalion Moro BoloMaranao MilitiaPara penyerang Hukbalahap Juramentado MoroInvasi ke Filipina dimulai pada 8 Desember 1941 sepuluh jam setelah serangan Pearl Harbor Jepang menduduki Filipina selama tiga tahun sampai kapitulasi Jepang Pada Desember 1944 pulau Leyte dan Mindoro dibersihkan dari para prajurit Jepang Antara 500 000 dan 1 000 000 orang Filipina wafat pada masa pendudukan Daftar isi 1 Latar belakang 2 Referensi 2 1 Catatan Berita Kontemporer 3 Bacaan tambahan 3 1 Sumber primerLatar belakang SuntingArtikel utama Kampanye Filipina 1941 1942 Jepang melancarkan sebuah serangan di Filipina pada 8 Desember 1941 tepat sepuluh jam setelah serangan Pearl Harbor 1 Referensi SuntingThis article incorporates public domain text from theLibrary of Congress July 1994 Retrieved on 11 November 2008 MacArthur General Staff 1994 The Japanese Offensive in the Philippines Report of General MacArthur The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific Volume I GEN Harold Keith Johnson BG Harold Nelson Douglas MacArthur United States Army hlm 6 LCCN 66 60005 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009 02 12 Diakses tanggal 24 March 2013 AFP October 31 2007 A life haunted by WWII surgical killings THE BRUNEI TIMES Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014 12 13 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AFP Oct 28 2007 Japanese veteran haunted by WWII surgical killings AFP Archived from the original on 2014 03 17 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Pemeliharaan CS1 Url tak layak link Ozawa Harumi Nov 6 2007 Japanese war veteran speaks of atrocities in the Philippines TAIPEI TIMES hlm 9 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Amler Dds Mel 2008 Midnight on Mindanao Wartime Remembances 1945 1946 iUniverse ISBN 0595632602 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Arnold James R 2011 The Moro War How America Battled a Muslim Insurgency in the Philippine Jungle 1902 1913 Bloomsbury Publishing USA ISBN 1608193659 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Brooks Ronald J 1995 Under Five Flags edisi ke illustrated Pentland Press ISBN 1858213223 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Cayrac Blanchard Francoise 1970 L Asie du Sud Est Par Francoise Cayrac Blanchard o fl a dalam bahasa French Volume 1 of L Asie Du Sud Est Sirey Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Pemeliharaan CS1 Bahasa yang tidak diketahui link Kratoska Paul H ed 2013 Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire Routledge ISBN 113612506X Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Lim Julitta Shau Hua 2005 Pussy s in the well Japanese occupation of Sarawak 1941 1945 edisi ke illustrated Research and Resource Centre SUPP Headquarters ISBN 9834199821 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Eichelberger Robert L Eichelberger Emma Gudger 1972 Luvaasissue Issue 2 of Contributions in military history Jay ed Dear Miss Em General Eichelberger s War in the Pacific 1942 1945 edisi ke illustrated ABC CLIO ISBN 0837162785 ISSN 0084 9251 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Espaldon Ernesto M ed 1997 With the bravest the untold story of the Sulu freedom fighters of World War II Espaldon Virata Foundation ISBN 9719183306 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Evans Stephen R 1990 Sabah North Borneo Under the Rising Sun Government Tropical Press Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Fallon Joseph E Igorot and Moro National Reemergence The Fabricated Philippine State cwis org Center for World Indigenous Studies Archived from the original on 2014 07 14 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Pemeliharaan CS1 Url tak layak link Federspiel Howard M 2007 Sultans Shamans and Saints Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia edisi ke illustrated University of Hawaii Press ISBN 0824830520 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Gowing Peter G ed 1988 Understanding Islam and Muslims in the Philippines edisi ke illustrated New Day Publishers ISBN 9711003864 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Gowing Peter G July August 1965 Kris and Crescent Saudi Aramco World hlm 1 11 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014 05 18 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Gross Max L A Muslim archipelago Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia Government Printing Office ISBN 978 1 932946 19 2 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan Joes Anthony James 2000 America and Guerrilla Warfare University Press of Kentucky ISBN 0813127483 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Templat Cite jstor Mapes Victor L Mills Scott A 2000 The Butchers the Baker The World War II Memoir of a United States Army Air Corps Soldier Captured by the Japanese in the Philippines LARGE PRINT edisi ke illustrated large print McFarland Incorporated Publishers ISBN 0786433175 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Mapes Victor L 2000 The Butchers the Baker The World War II Memoir of a United States Army Air Corps Soldier Captured by the Japanese in the Philippines Contributor Scott A Millsvolume edisi ke illustrated McFarland Incorporated Publishers ISBN 0786406364 Diakses tanggal 20 May 2014 horizontal tab character di others pada posisi 12 bantuan Maras Marie Helen 2013 The CRC Press Terrorism Reader edisi ke illustrated CRC Press ISBN 1466588322 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Milligan Jeffrey Ayala 2005 Islamic Identity Postcoloniality and Educational Policy Schooling and Ethno Religious Conflict in the Southern Philippines Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 1403981574 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Muslim Macapado Abaton 1994 The Moro armed struggle in the Philippines the nonviolent autonomy alternative Office of the President and College of Public Affairs Mindanao State University ISBN 9711111306 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Parameter coauthors yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan author yang disarankan bantuan RRayhanR 29 July 2012 RECLAIMING BANGSAMORO HUMANITY FROM FOREIGN COLONIZERS mnlfnet com Moro National Liberation Front Misuari faction Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014 05 18 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 PARRY RICHARD LLOYD February 26 2007 Dissect them alive chilling Imperial that order could not be di THE AUSTRALIAN Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Parry Richard Lloyd February 25 2007 Dissect them alive order not to be disobeyed Times Online Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013 01 01 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Parry Richard Lloyd February 25 2007 Dissect them alive order not to be disobeyed The Times Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007 02 28 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Richard Lloyd Parry February 25 2007 Dissect them alive order not to be disobeyed Times Online Diakses tanggal 10 December 2009 Rahman Muhammad A 1966 Rangkaian tawarikh negeri sabah dalam bahasa Malay Volume 2 of Siri Pustaka Sabah Al Ahmadiah Press Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Pemeliharaan CS1 Bahasa yang tidak diketahui link Roces Alfredo R Filipino Heritage The Spanish Colonial period Late 19th Century The awakening Volume 7 of Filipino Heritage The Making of a Nation Alfredo R Roces Lahing Pilipino Publishing Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Roces Alfredo R 1978 Filipino Heritage The Spanish colonial period late 19th century Volume 7 of Filipino Heritage The Making of a Nation Lahing Pilipino Pub Manila Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Tan Andrew T H ed 2007 A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN 1847207189 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Tolley Kemp 2002 Cruise of the Lanikai Incitement to War edisi ke illustrated reprint Naval Institute Press ISBN 1557504067 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Turbiville Jr Dr Graham H Bearers of the Sword Radical Islam Philippines Insurgency and Regional Stability Foreign Military Studies Office Archived from the original on 2013 05 11 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Pemeliharaan CS1 Url tak layak link Wong Danny Tze Ken 1998 The transformation of an immigrant society a study of the Chinese of Sabah edisi ke illustrated Asean Academic ISBN 1901919161 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Zincke Herbert Mills Scott A 2002 Mitsui Madhouse Memoir of a U S Army Air Corps POW in World War II edisi ke illustrated McFarland ISBN 0786414286 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Filipinas Volume 11 Issues 117 128 Filipinas Pub 2002 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 Bijdragen tot de taal land en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie Volume 129 Contributor Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal Land en Volkenkunde Netherlands M Nijhoff 1973 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 horizontal tab character di others pada posisi 12 bantuan Darangen Epic of History Volume 12 of Land and people series Contributor Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation and Development of Southern Philippines Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation and Development of Southern Philippines 1980 Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014 horizontal tab character di others pada posisi 12 bantuan Assessment for Moros in the Philippines University of Maryland CIDCM Information current as of December 31 2006 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014 11 21 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Periksa nilai tanggal di date bantuan Catatan Berita Kontemporer Sunting TERRITORIES Terror in Jolo TIME Dec 1 1941 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 United Press Feb 28 1942 20 000 MOROS HOLD GROUND Warsaw Daily Union hlm 5 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP Mar 3 1942 Moros Pledge Fight to End On Japanese in Philippines The Christian Science Monitor Boston Mass hlm 7 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014 05 18 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP Mar 3 1942 Philippine Moros Pledge Fight to End Against Foe St Petersburg Times hlm 7 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP Feb 27 1942 Gen MacArthur s Forces Counter Attack and Hold Advance Japanese Posts St Petersburg Times hlm 6 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP Mar 2 1942 MORO TRIBESMEN TO BATTLE JAPS Spokane Daily Chronicle hlm 36 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 The Associated Press Mar 3 1942 10 000 Tribesmen Pledge MacArthur Aid to the Death Youngstown Vindicator hlm 19 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP Mar 3 1942 10 000 Filippinos Swear to Fight On The Calgary Herald hlm 7 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 United Press Mar 3 1942 NAVY PREPARES FOR OFFENSIVE AGAINST ENEMY Warsaw Daily Union hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Americans Make First Substantial Gains On Bataan Continued From Page 1 Sarasota Herald Tribune Feb 26 1942 hlm 2 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 The News and Courier http news google com newspapers id D5NIAAAAIBAJ amp sjid cgkNAAAAIBAJ amp pg 1830 5570104 amp hl en Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Tidak memiliki atau tanpa title bantuan pranala nonaktif permanen AP Mar 3 1942 10 000 Moros Vow To Wield Knives Against Japanese The Lewiston Daily Sun hlm 7 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 CAPTAIN HERBERT CURTIS U S Army Retired 1695 Davie Street Vancouver Jan 13 1942 Japanese Infiltration Into Mindanao The Vancouver Sun hlm 4 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Pemeliharaan CS1 Banyak nama authors list link Japs Order Continued from Page 1 Reading Eagle Mar 6 1942 hlm 28 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 U P Mar 6 1942 FEAR UPRISING IN PHILIPPINES The Telegraph Herald hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 FILIPINOS TOLD TO YIELD BOLOS Continued from Page 1 Herald Journal Mar 7 1942 hlm 2 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 A P Nov 9 1942 Erie Captain Suggests Mindanao for Offense Youngstown Vindicator hlm 24 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 DAVIS SPENCER May 22 1945 TROUBLED FUTURE FACES MOROS IN FREE PHILIPPINES The Lewiston Daily Sun hlm 7 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP May 22 1945 Troubled Future Faces Moros In Free Philippines Lewiston Evening Journal hlm 5 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 HURDS CHARLES February 27 1942 JAPANESE SET BACK Hit All Along the Line by Bataan Defenders Lose Outposts in Reverse GUERRILLAS ALSO ACTIVE Attack Enemy in Other Parts of Luzon Desultory Fighting Goes On in Mindanao THE NEW YORK TIMES hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 REICH MADE PLANES SEEN OVER BATAAN Japanese Believed Dipping Into Reserves to Keep Up Bombing of Philippine Defenders LANAO MOROS LOYAL TO US Leaders of 10 000 Pledge They Will Never Give Up Fighting Till Invaders Are Defeated THE NEW YORK TIMES March 3 1942 hlm 2 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP Mar 6 1942 Japanese Order Filipinos To Surrender Bolo Knives The Palm Beach Post hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 pranala nonaktif permanen AP Mar 3 1942 More Jap Troops Land In Philippines The Deseret News hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Courageous Guerrillas Harass Japs On Bataan Painesville Telegraph Mar 2 1942 hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Lee Clark Apr 3 1942 United States Flag Still Waves Over Major Part of Philippines The Montreal Gazette hlm 3 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Lee Clark April 3 1942 Most Of Philippines Still Under U S Flag Ottowa Citizen hlm 25 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 LEE CLARKE Apr 3 1942 Most of Philippines Still Under United States Flag Herald Journal hlm 4 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 LEE CLARK Apr 3 1942 American Flag Still Flying Over Greater Part of Philippines Schenectady Gazette hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 The News and Courier http news google com newspapers id cI5JAAAAIBAJ amp sjid IQwNAAAAIBAJ amp pg 4808 1706249 amp hl en Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Tidak memiliki atau tanpa title bantuan pranala nonaktif permanen LEE CLARK Apr 3 1942 Most of Philippines Still Free of Invading Japanese St Joseph Gazette hlm 7 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 LEE CLARK Apr 3 1942 Japs Control Only Small Part Of Philippines Daytona Beach Morning Journal hlm 9 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Lee Clark Apr 3 1942 Japs Holding Only 5 Isles In Philippines Youngstown Vindicator hlm 2 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 FLOYD NAT February 14 1942 American Force Bombed by Planes Shelled by Light Artillery Igorotes Moros Help Armored Force in Holding Peninsula THE NEW YORK TIMES hlm 3 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Igorots Ride Continued from Page 1 The Evening Independent Feb 13 1942 hlm 2 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 LEE CLARK Feb 14 1942 Wiry Igorot Natives With Keen Bolo Knives Aid MacArthur s Men Spokane Daily Chronicle hlm 2 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 LEE CLARK Feb 14 1942 Wiry Igorot Natives With Keen Bolo Knives Aid MacArthur s Men Spokane Daily Chronicle hlm 30 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 LEE CLARK Feb 16 1942 Wiry Igorot Natives With Keen Bolo Knives Aid MacArthur s Men Spokane Daily Chronicle hlm 10 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP Feb 13 1942 IGOROTS ON TANKS RIDE AGAINST JAPS Lawrence Journal World hlm 6 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Apr 22 1945 American Troops Advance Slowly on Okinawa Island St Petersburg Times hlm 2 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Small Gains Continued from Page 1 Herald Journal Apr 22 1945 hlm 3 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Apr 22 1945 American Troops Advance Slowly on Okinawa Island St Petersburg Times hlm 39 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 The Rock Hill Herald http news google com newspapers id 0CUtAAAAIBAJ amp sjid u6QEAAAAIBAJ amp pg 1102 470360 amp hl en Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Tidak memiliki atau tanpa title bantuan pranala nonaktif permanen CAPTAIN HERBERT CURTIS U S Army Retired 1695 Davie Street Vancouver Jan 13 1942 Japanese Infiltration Into Mindanao The Vancouver Sun hlm 4 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Pemeliharaan CS1 Banyak nama authors list link AP Mar 13 1945 Yank Soldiers in Zamboanga The Milwaukee Journal hlm 1 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016 05 13 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 80 Japanese Troop Ships Are Sighted Off Luzon Continued From Page1 Pittsburgh Post Gazette Dec 22 1941 hlm 7 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 JAPANESE HALTED IN BATAAN ATTACK Fighting Dwindles After the Repulse of Enemy Drive Planes Harry Defenders THE NEW YORK TIMES March 31 1942 hlm 5 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 The News and Courier http news google com newspapers id kY5JAAAAIBAJ amp sjid IQwNAAAAIBAJ amp pg 1369 5123873 amp hl en Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Tidak memiliki atau tanpa title bantuan pranala nonaktif permanen RUSSELL HARDING Mar 21 1942 WHY MACARTHUR HELD ON The Sydney Morning Herald hlm 4 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 DEFENDERS OF BATAN A A P The Age Apr 11 1942 hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 THEY WERE EXPENDABLE CHAPTER X The Evening Independent Jan 13 1943 hlm 14 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Outrages Cause Anger FLOTILLA IS SIGHTED OFF LUZON S COAST THE NEW YORK TIMES December 22 1941 hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Six Japanese Bombers In New Raid On Manila Continued from First Page Meriden Record Dec 22 1941 hlm 13 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 SITUATION AT DAVAO OBSCURE AS JAPS LAND Continued from Page 1 Sarasota Herald Tribune Dec 21 1941 hlm 2 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP Dec 21 1941 JAPS ATTEMPT NEW INVASION The Telegraph Herald hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 THE JAPS SWARM AT DAVAO BUT THE SITUATION OBSCURE continued from page one Nevada Mail Dec 22 1941 hlm 3 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Harris Henry Feb 28 1942 The STRATEGIC SLANT Daily Boston Globe 1928 1960 Boston Mass hlm 3 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014 05 18 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP April 22 AMERICANS STRIDE IN MINDANAO DRIVE Push to Vital Road Junction 32 Miles From Illana Bay Win Cagayan Key on Luzon THE NEW YORK TIMES Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Periksa nilai tanggal di date bantuan Boguslav David Apr 19 1945 U S Forces Strike Inland In Mindanao Invasion Drive The Christian Science Monitor 1908 Current file Boston Mass hlm 6 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014 05 18 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 WILKINS H FORD June 9 1946 ROXAS ESTIMATES PHILIPPINE DEFICIT Government Expected to Run in Red by 124 000 000 Next Year and Rely on Loans THE NEW YORK TIMES hlm 25 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP May 16 1945 LUCKLESS JAPS SAIL BACKWARD The Spokesman Review hlm 9 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP May 15 1945 Backward Sailing Fatal for Japanese Spokane Daily Chronicle hlm 1 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Large Force Is Attacking Continued from Page One Youngstown Vindicator Dec 21 1941 hlm 58 Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 BACK TO THE SULUS THE NEW YORK TIMES Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 AP March 12 MOST OF MINDANAO HELD BY GUERRILLAS THE NEW YORK TIMES Diakses tanggal 16 May 2014 Periksa nilai tanggal di date bantuan Bacaan tambahan SuntingAgoncillo Teodoro A The Fateful Years Japan s Adventure in the Philippines 1941 1945 Quezon City PI R P Garcia Publishing Co 1965 2 vols Hartendorp A V H The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines Manila Bookmark 1967 2 vols Lear Elmer The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines Leyte 1941 1945 Southeast Asia Program Department of Far Eastern Studies Cornell University 1961 246p emphasis on social history Steinberg David J Philippine Collaboration in World War II University of Michigan Press 1967 235p Sumber primer Sunting Ephraim Frank 2003 Escape to Manila From Nazi Tyranny to Japanese Terror University of Illinois Press hlm 220 ISBN 9780252028458 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Pendudukan Filipina oleh Jepang amp oldid 22488535