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Nebula planeter adalah sebuah emisi nebula yang terdiri dari cangkang gas terionisasi yang bersinar yang sedang mengemba

Nebula planeter

Nebula planeter adalah sebuah emisi nebula yang terdiri dari cangkang gas terionisasi yang bersinar yang sedang mengembang yang dikeluarkan selama fase masa asimtotik dari beberapa jenis bintang dalam siklus akhir kehidupan bintang tersebut.

Gambar sinar X Nebula mata kucing.
Formasi Nebula planeter.
NGC 6326, sebuah nebula planeter

Istilah Nebula planeter sebenarnya berawal dari kekeliruan yang dilakukan oleh William Herschel (1784 atau 1785) karena jika dilihat melalui teleskop, objek-objek tersebut terlihat menyerupai awan (nebula) yang mirip dengan penampakan Uranus, planet yang telah ditemukan dengan teleskop oleh Herschel. Nama yang diberikan oleh Herschel ini kemudian diadopsi oleh para astronom dan tidak pernah berubah lagi, walaupun nebula planeter sama sekali tidak ada hubungannya dengan planet di sistem tata surya.

Nebula planeter sering berisikan bintang, tetapi tidak terlihat adanya planet. Objek ini merupakan fenomena yang berumur cukup pendek, yakni beberapa puluh ribu tahun, dibandingkan dengan umur bintang yang bisa beberapa miliar tahun.

Referensi sunting

  1. Miszalski et al. 2011
  2. Frankowski & Soker 2009, hlm. 654–8
  3. Hubblesite.org 1997

Sumber sunting

  • Aller, Lawrence H.; Hyung, Siek (19–23 November 2001) [2001], Kwok, Sun; Dopita, Michael; Sutherland, Ralph, ed., "Historical Remarks on the Spectroscopic Analysis of Planetary Nebulae (invited review)", Proceedings of the 209th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, Planetary Nebulae: Their Evolution and Role in the Universe, Canberra, Australia: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 209: 15, Bibcode:2003IAUS..209...15A 
  • Allison, Mark (2006), Star clusters and how to observe them, Birkhäuser, hlm. 56–8, ISBN 978-1-84628-190-7 
  • Bowen, I. S. (October 1927), "The Origin of the Chief Nebular Lines", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 39: 295–7, Bibcode:1927PASP...39..295B, doi:10.1086/123745 
  • Frankowski, Adam; Soker, Noam (November 2009), "Very late thermal pulses influenced by accretion in planetary nebulae", New Astronomy, 14 (8): 654–8, Bibcode:2009NewA...14..654F, doi:10.1016/j.newast.2009.03.006, A planetary nebula (PN) is an expanding ionized circumstellar cloud that was ejected during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of the stellar progenitor. 
  • Gurzadyan, Grigor A. (1997), The Physics and dynamics of planetary nebulae, Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-60965-0 
  • Harpaz, Amos (1994), Stellar Evolution, A K Peters, Ltd., ISBN 978-1-56881-012-6 
  • Hora, Joseph L.; Latter, William B.; Allen, Lori E.; Marengo, Massimo; Deutsch, Lynne K.; Pipher, Judith L. (September 2004), "Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) Observations of Planetary Nebulae", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 154 (1): 296–301, Bibcode:2004ApJS..154..296H, doi:10.1086/422820 
  • , Hubblesite.org, December 17, 1997, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-04-01, diakses tanggal 2008-08-09 
  • Huggins, W.; Miller, W. A. (1864), "On the Spectra of some of the Nebulae", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 154: 437–44, Bibcode:1864RSPT..154..437H, doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0013 
  • Iliadis, Christian (2007), Nuclear physics of stars. Physics textbook, Wiley-VCH, hlm. 18, 439–42, ISBN 978-3-527-40602-9 
  • Jacoby, George. H.; Ferland, Gary. J.; Korista, Kirk T. (2001), "The Planetary Nebula A39: An Observational Benchmark for Numerical Modeling of Photoionized Plasmas", The Astrophysical Journal, 560 (1): 272–86, Bibcode:2001ApJ...560..272J, doi:10.1086/322489 
  • Jordan, S.; Werner, K.; O'Toole, S. J. (March 2005), "Discovery of magnetic fields in central stars of planetary nebulae", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 432 (1): 273–9, arXiv:astro-ph/0501040 , Bibcode:2005A&A...432..273J, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041993 
  • Kiss, L. L.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Balog, Z.; Parker, Q. A.; Frew, D. J. (November 2008), "AAOmega radial velocities rule out current membership of the planetary nebula NGC 2438 in the open cluster M46", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 391 (1): 399–404, Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391..399K, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13899.x 
  • Krause, Arthur (1961), Astronomy, Oliver and Boyd, hlm. 187 
  • Kwok, Sun (2000), The origin and evolution of planetary nebulae, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-62313-8  (Chapter 1 can be downloaded here 2004-07-08 di Wayback Machine..)
  • Kwok, Sun (June 2005), "Planetary Nebulae: New Challenges in the 21st Century", Journal of the Korean Astronomical Society, 38 (2): 271–8, Bibcode:2005JKAS...38..271K, doi:10.5303/JKAS.2005.38.2.271 
  • Kwok, Sun; Su, Kate Y. L. (December 2005), "Discovery of Multiple Coaxial Rings in the Quadrupolar Planetary Nebula NGC 6881", The Astrophysical Journal, 635 (1): L49–52, Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..49K, doi:10.1086/499332, We report the discovery of multiple two-dimensional rings in the quadrupolar planetary nebula NGC 6881. As many as four pairs of rings are seen in the bipolar lobes, and three rings are seen in the central torus. While the rings in the lobes have the same axis as one pair of the bipolar lobes, the inner rings are aligned with the other pair. The two pairs of bipolar lobes are likely to be carved out by two separate high-velocity outflows from the circumstellar material left over from the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) wind. The two-dimensional rings could be the results of dynamical instabilities or the consequence of a fast outflow interacting with remnants of discrete AGB circumstellar shells. 
  • Kwok, Sun; Koning, Nico; Huang, Hsiu-Hui; Churchwell, Edward (2006), Barlow, Michael J.; Méndez, ed., "Planetary nebulae in the GLIMPSE survey", Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Symposium #234, Planetary Nebulae in our Galaxy and Beyond, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2 (S234): 445–6, Bibcode:2006IAUS..234..445K, doi:10.1017/S1743921306003668, Planetary nebulae (PNs) have high dust content and radiate strongly in the infrared. For young PNs, the dust component accounts for ∼1/3 of the total energy output of the nebulae (Zhang & Kwok 1991). The typical color temperatures of PNs are between 100 and 200 K, and at λ >5 μm, dust begins to dominate over bound-free emission from the ionized component. Although PNs are traditionally discovered through examination of photographic plates or Hα surveys, PNs can also be identified in infrared surveys by searching for red objects with a rising spectrum between 4-10 μm. 
  • Liu, X.-W.; Storey, P. J.; Barlow, M. J.; Danziger, I. J.; Cohen, M.; Bryce, M. (March 2000), "NGC 6153: a super–metal–rich planetary nebula?", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 312 (3): 585–628, Bibcode:2000MNRAS.312..585L, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03167.x 
  • Maciel, W. J.; Costa, R. D. D.; Idiart, T. E. P. (October 2009), "Planetary nebulae and the chemical evolution of the Magellanic Clouds", Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, 45: 127–37, Bibcode:2009RMxAA..45..127M, These objects are produced by low and intermediate mass stars, with main sequence masses roughly between 0.8 and 8 M⊙, and present a reasonably large age and metallicity spread. 
  • Majaess, D. J.; Turner, D.; Lane, D. (December 2007), "In Search of Possible Associations between Planetary Nebulae and Open Clusters", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 119 (862): 1349–60, Bibcode:2007PASP..119.1349M, doi:10.1086/524414 
  • Marochnik, L.S.; Shukurov, Anwar; Yastrzhembsky, Igor (1996), "Chapter 19: Chemical abundances", The Milky Way galaxy, Taylor & Francis, hlm. 6–10, ISBN 978-2-88124-931-0 
  • Mermilliod, J.-C.; Clariá, J. J.; Andersen, J.; Piatti, A. E.; Mayor, M. (August 2001), "Red giants in open clusters. IX. NGC 2324, 2818, 3960 and 6259", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 375 (1): 30–9, Bibcode:2001A&A...375...30M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010845 
  • Miszalski, B.; Jones, D.; Rodriguez-Gil, P.; Boffin, H. M. J.; Corradi, R. L. M.; Santander-Garcia, M. (2011), "Discovery of close binary central stars in the planetary nebulae NGC 6326 and NGC 6778", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 531: A158, Bibcode:2011A&A...531A.158M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117084 
  • Moore, S. L. (October 2007), "Observing the Cat's Eye Nebula", Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 117 (5): 279–80, Bibcode:2007JBAA..117R.279M 
  • Morris, M. (1990), "Bipolar asymmetry in the mass outflows of stars in transition", dalam Mennessier, M.O.; Omont, Alain, From Miras to planetary nebulae: which path for stellar evolution?, Montpellier, France, September 4–7, 1989 IAP astrophysics meeting: Atlantica Séguier Frontières, hlm. 526–30, ISBN 978-2-86332-077-8 
  • Osterbrock, Donald E.; Ferland, G. J. (2005), Ferland, G. J., ed., Astrophysics of gaseous nebulae and active galactic nuclei, University Science Books, ISBN 978-1-891389-34-4 
  • Parker, Quentin A.; Acker, A.; Frew, D. J.; Hartley, M.; Peyaud, A. E. J.; Ochsenbein, F.; Phillipps, S.; Russeil, D.; Beaulieu, S. F. (November 2006), "The Macquarie/AAO/Strasbourg Hα Planetary Nebula Catalogue: MASH", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 373 (1): 79–94, Bibcode:2006MNRAS.373...79P, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10950.x 
  • Reed, Darren S.; Balick, Bruce; Hajian, Arsen R.; Klayton, Tracy L.; Giovanardi, Stefano; Casertano, Stefano; Panagia, Nino; Terzian, Yervant (November 1999), "Hubble Space Telescope Measurements of the Expansion of NGC 6543: Parallax Distance and Nebular Evolution", Astronomical Journal, 118 (5): 2430–41, arXiv:astro-ph/9907313 , Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2430R, doi:10.1086/301091 
  • Renzini, A. (1987), S. Torres-Peimbert, ed., "Thermal pulses and the formation of planetary nebula shells", Proceedings of the 131st symposium of the IAU: 391–400, Bibcode:1989IAUS..131..391R 
  • Soker, Noam (February 2002), "Why every bipolar planetary nebula is `unique'", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 330 (2): 481–6, arXiv:astro-ph/0107554 , Bibcode:2002MNRAS.330..481S, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05105.x 
  • The first detection of magnetic fields in the central stars of four planetary nebulae, SpaceDaily Express, January 6, 2005, diakses tanggal October 18, 2009, Source: Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics 

Pranala luar sunting

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Nebula planeter adalah sebuah emisi nebula yang terdiri dari cangkang gas terionisasi yang bersinar yang sedang mengembang yang dikeluarkan selama fase masa asimtotik dari beberapa jenis bintang dalam siklus akhir kehidupan bintang tersebut 2 Gambar sinar X Nebula mata kucing source source source source Formasi Nebula planeter NGC 6326 sebuah nebula planeter 1 Istilah Nebula planeter sebenarnya berawal dari kekeliruan yang dilakukan oleh William Herschel 1784 atau 1785 karena jika dilihat melalui teleskop objek objek tersebut terlihat menyerupai awan nebula yang mirip dengan penampakan Uranus planet yang telah ditemukan dengan teleskop oleh Herschel Nama yang diberikan oleh Herschel ini kemudian diadopsi oleh para astronom dan tidak pernah berubah lagi walaupun nebula planeter sama sekali tidak ada hubungannya dengan planet di sistem tata surya 3 Nebula planeter sering berisikan bintang tetapi tidak terlihat adanya planet Objek ini merupakan fenomena yang berumur cukup pendek yakni beberapa puluh ribu tahun dibandingkan dengan umur bintang yang bisa beberapa miliar tahun Referensi sunting Miszalski et al 2011 Frankowski amp Soker 2009 hlm 654 8 Hubblesite org 1997Sumber suntingAller Lawrence H Hyung Siek 19 23 November 2001 2001 Kwok Sun Dopita Michael Sutherland Ralph ed Historical Remarks on the Spectroscopic Analysis of Planetary Nebulae invited review Proceedings of the 209th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union Planetary Nebulae Their Evolution and Role in the Universe Canberra Australia Astronomical Society of the Pacific 209 15 Bibcode 2003IAUS 209 15A Periksa nilai tanggal di year date mismatch bantuan Allison Mark 2006 Star clusters and how to observe them Birkhauser hlm 56 8 ISBN 978 1 84628 190 7 Bowen I S October 1927 The Origin of the Chief Nebular Lines Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 39 295 7 Bibcode 1927PASP 39 295B doi 10 1086 123745 Frankowski Adam Soker Noam November 2009 Very late thermal pulses influenced by accretion in planetary nebulae New Astronomy 14 8 654 8 Bibcode 2009NewA 14 654F doi 10 1016 j newast 2009 03 006 A planetary nebula PN is an expanding ionized circumstellar cloud that was ejected during the asymptotic giant branch AGB phase of the stellar progenitor Gurzadyan Grigor A 1997 The Physics and dynamics of planetary nebulae Springer ISBN 978 3 540 60965 0 Harpaz Amos 1994 Stellar Evolution A K Peters Ltd ISBN 978 1 56881 012 6 Hora Joseph L Latter William B Allen Lori E Marengo Massimo Deutsch Lynne K Pipher Judith L September 2004 Infrared Array Camera IRAC Observations of Planetary Nebulae Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 154 1 296 301 Bibcode 2004ApJS 154 296H doi 10 1086 422820 Hubble Witnesses the Final Blaze of Glory of Sun Like Stars Hubblesite org December 17 1997 diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010 04 01 diakses tanggal 2008 08 09 Huggins W Miller W A 1864 On the Spectra of some of the Nebulae Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 154 437 44 Bibcode 1864RSPT 154 437H doi 10 1098 rstl 1864 0013 Iliadis Christian 2007 Nuclear physics of stars Physics textbook Wiley VCH hlm 18 439 42 ISBN 978 3 527 40602 9 Jacoby George H Ferland Gary J Korista Kirk T 2001 The Planetary Nebula A39 An Observational Benchmark for Numerical Modeling of Photoionized Plasmas The Astrophysical Journal 560 1 272 86 Bibcode 2001ApJ 560 272J doi 10 1086 322489 Jordan S Werner K O Toole S J March 2005 Discovery of magnetic fields in central stars of planetary nebulae Astronomy amp Astrophysics 432 1 273 9 arXiv astro ph 0501040 nbsp Bibcode 2005A amp A 432 273J doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20041993 Kiss L L Szabo Gy M Balog Z Parker Q A Frew D J November 2008 AAOmega radial velocities rule out current membership of the planetary nebula NGC 2438 in the open cluster M46 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 391 1 399 404 Bibcode 2008MNRAS 391 399K doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2008 13899 x Krause Arthur 1961 Astronomy Oliver and Boyd hlm 187 Kwok Sun 2000 The origin and evolution of planetary nebulae Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 62313 8 Chapter 1 can be downloaded here Diarsipkan 2004 07 08 di Wayback Machine Kwok Sun June 2005 Planetary Nebulae New Challenges in the 21st Century Journal of the Korean Astronomical Society 38 2 271 8 Bibcode 2005JKAS 38 271K doi 10 5303 JKAS 2005 38 2 271 Kwok Sun Su Kate Y L December 2005 Discovery of Multiple Coaxial Rings in the Quadrupolar Planetary Nebula NGC 6881 The Astrophysical Journal 635 1 L49 52 Bibcode 2005ApJ 635L 49K doi 10 1086 499332 We report the discovery of multiple two dimensional rings in the quadrupolar planetary nebula NGC 6881 As many as four pairs of rings are seen in the bipolar lobes and three rings are seen in the central torus While the rings in the lobes have the same axis as one pair of the bipolar lobes the inner rings are aligned with the other pair The two pairs of bipolar lobes are likely to be carved out by two separate high velocity outflows from the circumstellar material left over from the asymptotic giant branch AGB wind The two dimensional rings could be the results of dynamical instabilities or the consequence of a fast outflow interacting with remnants of discrete AGB circumstellar shells Kwok Sun Koning Nico Huang Hsiu Hui Churchwell Edward 2006 Barlow Michael J Mendez ed Planetary nebulae in the GLIMPSE survey Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Symposium 234 Planetary Nebulae in our Galaxy and Beyond Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2 S234 445 6 Bibcode 2006IAUS 234 445K doi 10 1017 S1743921306003668 Planetary nebulae PNs have high dust content and radiate strongly in the infrared For young PNs the dust component accounts for 1 3 of the total energy output of the nebulae Zhang amp Kwok 1991 The typical color temperatures of PNs are between 100 and 200 K and at l gt 5 mm dust begins to dominate over bound free emission from the ionized component Although PNs are traditionally discovered through examination of photographic plates or Ha surveys PNs can also be identified in infrared surveys by searching for red objects with a rising spectrum between 4 10 mm Parameter first3 tanpa last3 di Editors list bantuan Liu X W Storey P J Barlow M J Danziger I J Cohen M Bryce M March 2000 NGC 6153 a super metal rich planetary nebula Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 312 3 585 628 Bibcode 2000MNRAS 312 585L doi 10 1046 j 1365 8711 2000 03167 x Maciel W J Costa R D D Idiart T E P October 2009 Planetary nebulae and the chemical evolution of the Magellanic Clouds Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica 45 127 37 Bibcode 2009RMxAA 45 127M These objects are produced by low and intermediate mass stars with main sequence masses roughly between 0 8 and 8 M and present a reasonably large age and metallicity spread Majaess D J Turner D Lane D December 2007 In Search of Possible Associations between Planetary Nebulae and Open Clusters Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 119 862 1349 60 Bibcode 2007PASP 119 1349M doi 10 1086 524414 Marochnik L S Shukurov Anwar Yastrzhembsky Igor 1996 Chapter 19 Chemical abundances The Milky Way galaxy Taylor amp Francis hlm 6 10 ISBN 978 2 88124 931 0 Mermilliod J C Claria J J Andersen J Piatti A E Mayor M August 2001 Red giants in open clusters IX NGC 2324 2818 3960 and 6259 Astronomy and Astrophysics 375 1 30 9 Bibcode 2001A amp A 375 30M doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20010845 Miszalski B Jones D Rodriguez Gil P Boffin H M J Corradi R L M Santander Garcia M 2011 Discovery of close binary central stars in the planetary nebulae NGC 6326 and NGC 6778 Astronomy and Astrophysics 531 A158 Bibcode 2011A amp A 531A 158M doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201117084 Parameter doit yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Moore S L October 2007 Observing the Cat s Eye Nebula Journal of the British Astronomical Association 117 5 279 80 Bibcode 2007JBAA 117R 279M Morris M 1990 Bipolar asymmetry in the mass outflows of stars in transition dalam Mennessier M O Omont Alain From Miras to planetary nebulae which path for stellar evolution Montpellier France September 4 7 1989 IAP astrophysics meeting Atlantica Seguier Frontieres hlm 526 30 ISBN 978 2 86332 077 8 Pemeliharaan CS1 Menggunakan parameter penyunting link Osterbrock Donald E Ferland G J 2005 Ferland G J ed Astrophysics of gaseous nebulae and active galactic nuclei University Science Books ISBN 978 1 891389 34 4 Parker Quentin A Acker A Frew D J Hartley M Peyaud A E J Ochsenbein F Phillipps S Russeil D Beaulieu S F November 2006 The Macquarie AAO Strasbourg Ha Planetary Nebula Catalogue MASH Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 373 1 79 94 Bibcode 2006MNRAS 373 79P doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2006 10950 x Reed Darren S Balick Bruce Hajian Arsen R Klayton Tracy L Giovanardi Stefano Casertano Stefano Panagia Nino Terzian Yervant November 1999 Hubble Space Telescope Measurements of the Expansion of NGC 6543 Parallax Distance and Nebular Evolution Astronomical Journal 118 5 2430 41 arXiv astro ph 9907313 nbsp Bibcode 1999AJ 118 2430R doi 10 1086 301091 Renzini A 1987 S Torres Peimbert ed Thermal pulses and the formation of planetary nebula shells Proceedings of the 131st symposium of the IAU 391 400 Bibcode 1989IAUS 131 391R Soker Noam February 2002 Why every bipolar planetary nebula is unique Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 330 2 481 6 arXiv astro ph 0107554 nbsp Bibcode 2002MNRAS 330 481S doi 10 1046 j 1365 8711 2002 05105 x The first detection of magnetic fields in the central stars of four planetary nebulae SpaceDaily Express January 6 2005 diakses tanggal October 18 2009 Source Journal Astronomy amp Astrophysics Pranala luar sunting Inggris Entry in the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology Astronomy and Spaceflight Inggris Press release on recent observations of the Cat s Eye Nebula Inggris Planetary Nebulae Diarsipkan 2005 12 17 di Wayback Machine SEDS Messier Pages Inggris The first detection of magnetic fields in the central stars of four planetary nebulae Inggris Planetary Nebulae Information and amateur observations Inggris Planetary nebula on arxiv org Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Nebula planeter amp oldid 23702491