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Modernitas adalah jargon yang digunakan dalam ilmu humaniora dan ilmu sosial untuk menyebut sebuah periode sejarah era m

Modernitas

Modernitas adalah jargon yang digunakan dalam ilmu humaniora dan ilmu sosial untuk menyebut sebuah periode sejarah (era modern) dan campuran norma, perilaku, dan praktik sosial-budaya tertentu yang muncul di Eropa pasca-abad pertengahan dan berkembang di seluruh dunia sejak saat itu. Meski turut mencakup berbagai proses sejarah dan fenomena budaya yang saling terkait (dari tata busana sampai perang modern), modernitas juga dapat mengacu pada pengalaman subjektif atau eksistensial terhadap suasana yang ada serta dampaknya terhadap kebudayaan manusia, lembaga, dan politik (Berman 2010, 15–36).

Sebagai peristiwa sejarah, modernitas mengacu pada masa-masa yang dipenuhi kritik atau penolakan tradisi; pengutamaan individualisme, kebebasan, dan kesetaraan hukum; keyakinan terhadap kemajuan sosial, ilmiah, dan teknologi, dan keparipurnaan manusia; rasionalisasi dan profesionalisasi, peralihan dari feodalisme (atau agrarianisme) ke kapitalisme dan ekonomi pasar; industrialisasi, urbanisasi, dan sekularisasi; pembentukan negara-bangsa dan lembaga bawahannya (misalnya demokrasi perwakilan, pendidikan umum, birokrasi modern); dan berbagai bentuk pengintaian (Foucault 1995, 170–77). Sejumlah penulis berpendapat bahwa jumlah modernitas bisa lebih dari satu karena definisi istilah dan sejarahnya sendiri belum tetap.

Charles Baudelaire diakui sebagai pencipta istilah "modernitas" (modernité) dalam esainya tahun 1864, "The Painter of Modern Life". Ia menciptakan istilah tersebut untuk menyebut pengalaman hidup yang cepat usai di tengah kota dan tugas seniman untuk menggambarkan pengalaman tersebut. Artinya, modernitas mengacu pada hubungan terhadap waktu, hubungan yang ditandai oleh terputusnya seseorang dengan masa lalu, keterbukaan terhadap hal-hal baru pada masa depan, dan naiknya tingkat kesadaran terhadap hal-hal unik pada masa kini (Kompridis 2006, 32–59).

Sebagai konsep analitis dan gagasasn normatif, modernitas sangat berkaitan dengan etos modernisme filosofis dan estetis; arus politik dan intelektual yang bersinggungan dengan Renaisans; dan berbagai perkembangan selanjutnya seperti Marxisme, eksistensialisme, seni modern, dan ilmu sosial. Modernitas juga mencakup hubungan sosial yang berhubungan dengan bangkitnya kapitalisme, dan peralihan perilaku yang berhubungan dengan sekularisasi dan kehidupan pasca-industri (Berman 2010, 15–36).

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Referensi Sunting

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Bacaan lanjutan Sunting

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Modernitas adalah jargon yang digunakan dalam ilmu humaniora dan ilmu sosial untuk menyebut sebuah periode sejarah era modern dan campuran norma perilaku dan praktik sosial budaya tertentu yang muncul di Eropa pasca abad pertengahan dan berkembang di seluruh dunia sejak saat itu Meski turut mencakup berbagai proses sejarah dan fenomena budaya yang saling terkait dari tata busana sampai perang modern modernitas juga dapat mengacu pada pengalaman subjektif atau eksistensial terhadap suasana yang ada serta dampaknya terhadap kebudayaan manusia lembaga dan politik Berman 2010 15 36 Sebagai peristiwa sejarah modernitas mengacu pada masa masa yang dipenuhi kritik atau penolakan tradisi pengutamaan individualisme kebebasan dan kesetaraan hukum keyakinan terhadap kemajuan sosial ilmiah dan teknologi dan keparipurnaan manusia rasionalisasi dan profesionalisasi peralihan dari feodalisme atau agrarianisme ke kapitalisme dan ekonomi pasar industrialisasi urbanisasi dan sekularisasi pembentukan negara bangsa dan lembaga bawahannya misalnya demokrasi perwakilan pendidikan umum birokrasi modern dan berbagai bentuk pengintaian Foucault 1995 170 77 Sejumlah penulis berpendapat bahwa jumlah modernitas bisa lebih dari satu karena definisi istilah dan sejarahnya sendiri belum tetap Charles Baudelaire diakui sebagai pencipta istilah modernitas modernite dalam esainya tahun 1864 The Painter of Modern Life Ia menciptakan istilah tersebut untuk menyebut pengalaman hidup yang cepat usai di tengah kota dan tugas seniman untuk menggambarkan pengalaman tersebut Artinya modernitas mengacu pada hubungan terhadap waktu hubungan yang ditandai oleh terputusnya seseorang dengan masa lalu keterbukaan terhadap hal hal baru pada masa depan dan naiknya tingkat kesadaran terhadap hal hal unik pada masa kini Kompridis 2006 32 59 Sebagai konsep analitis dan gagasasn normatif modernitas sangat berkaitan dengan etos modernisme filosofis dan estetis arus politik dan intelektual yang bersinggungan dengan Renaisans dan berbagai perkembangan selanjutnya seperti Marxisme eksistensialisme seni modern dan ilmu sosial Modernitas juga mencakup hubungan sosial yang berhubungan dengan bangkitnya kapitalisme dan peralihan perilaku yang berhubungan dengan sekularisasi dan kehidupan pasca industri Berman 2010 15 36 Daftar isi 1 Lihat pula 2 Catatan 3 Referensi 4 Bacaan lanjutan 5 Pranala luarLihat pula Sunting3The unnamed parameter 2 is no longer supported Please see the documentation for columns list Modernisasi Rasionalisasi sosiologi Urbanisasi Industrialisasi Masyarakat massal Masyarakat tradisional Pascamodernitas Hipermodernitas Transmodernitas Modernitas akhir Modernitas kedua Islam dan modernitas Yudaisme Ortodoks Modern Modernisme Katolik Roma Modernisme BuddhaCatatan SuntingReferensi SuntingAdorno Theodor W 1973 Negative Dialectics translated by E B Ashton New York Seabury Press London Routledge Originally published as Negative Dialektik Frankfurt a M Suhrkamp 1966 d Alembert Jean Le Rond 2009 1751 Preliminary Discourse The Encyclopedia of Diderot amp d Alembert Collaborative Translation Project translated by Richard N Schwab and Walter Ann Arbor Scholarly Publishing Office of the University of Michigan Library accessed 19 December 2010 Alexander Franz 1931 Psychoanalysis and Medicine lecture read before the Harvey Society in New York on January 15 1931 Journal of the American Medical Association 96 no 17 1351 1358 Reprinted in Mental Hygiene 16 1932 63 84 Reprinted in Franz Alexander The Scope of Psychoanalysis 1921 1961 Selected Papers 483 500 New York Basic Books 1961 Barker Chris 2005 Cultural Studies Theory and Practice London Sage ISBN 0 7619 4156 8 Baudelaire Charles 1964 The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays edited and translated by Jonathan Mayne London Phaidon Press Bauman Zygmunt 1989 Modernity and the Holocaust Cambridge Polity Press Ithaca N Y Cornell University Press ISBN 0 7456 0685 7 Polity cloth ISBN 0 7456 0930 9 Polity 1991 pbk ISBN 0 8014 8719 6 Cornell cloth ISBN 0 8014 2397 X Cornell pbk Bauman Zygmunt 2000 Liquid Modernity Cambridge Polity Press ISBN 0 7456 2409 X Berman Marshall 1982 All That Is Solid Melts into Air The Experience of Modernity New York Simon and Schuster ISBN 0 671 24602 X London Verso ISBN 0 86091 785 1 Paperback reprint New York Viking Penguin 1988 ISBN 0 14 010962 5 Berman Marshall 2010 All That Is Solid Melts Into Air The Experience of Modernity London and Brooklyn Verso ISBN 978 1 84467 644 6 Berns Laurence 1987 Thomas Hobbes In History of Political Philosophy third edition edited by Leo Strauss and Joseph Cropsey 369 420 Chicago University of Chicago Press Bock Gisela Quentin Skinner and Maurizio Viroli 1990 Machiavelli and Republicanism Ideas in Context Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 38376 5 Cassirer Ernst 1944 An Essay on Man An Introduction to a Philosophy of Human Culture Chapter 1 3 New Haven Yale University Press London H Milford Oxford University Press Reprinted Garden City NY Doubleday 1953 New Haven Yale University Press 1962 1972 1992 ISBN 0 300 00034 0 Calinescu Matei 1987 Five Faces of Modernity Modernism Avant garde Decadence Kitsch Postmodernism Durham Duke University Press ISBN 0 8223 0767 7 Delanty Gerard 2007 Modernity Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology edited by George Ritzer 11 vols Malden Mass Blackwell Publishing ISBN 1 4051 2433 4 Eisenstadt Shmuel Noah 2003 Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities 2 vols Leiden and Boston Brill Fackenheim Emil L 1957 Martin Buber s Concept of Revelation Canada s n Foucault Michel 1995 Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison translated by Alan Sheridan New York and Toronto Vintage Books ISBN 0 679 75255 2 Freund Walter 1957 Modernus und andere Zeitbegriffe des Mittelalters Neue Munstersche Beitrage zur Geschichtsforschung 4 Cologne and Graz kutipan diperlukan Giddens Anthony 1998 Conversations with Anthony Giddens Making Sense of Modernity Stanford Calif Stanford University Press ISBN 0 8047 3568 9 cloth ISBN 0 8047 3569 7 pbk Goldwin Robert 1987 John Locke In History of Political Philosophy third edition edited by Leo Strauss and Joseph Cropsey 476 512 Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 77708 1 cloth 0226777103 pbk Hall Christopher A 1990 Back to the Fathers interview with Thomas Oden Christianity Today 24 September reissued online 21 October 2011 accessed 03 27 2015 Harriss John 2000 The Second Great Transformation Capitalism at the End of the Twentieth Century In Poverty and Development into the 21st Century revised edition edited by Tim Allen and Alan Thomas 325 42 Oxford and New York Open University in association with Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 877626 8 Heidegger Martin 1938 Die Zeit des Weltbildes kutipan diperlukan Two English translations both as The Age of the World Picture in Martin Heidegger The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays translated by William Lovitt 115 54 Harper Colophon Books New York Harper amp Row 1977 ISBN 0 06 131969 4 New York Garland Publications 1977 ISBN 0 8240 2427 3 and this essay translated by Julian Young in Martin Heidegger Off the Beaten Track edited and translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes 57 85 Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press 2002 ISBN 0 521 80507 4 Henry John 2004 Science and the Coming of Enlightenment in The Enlightenment World edited by Martin Fitzpatrick et al kutipan diperlukan Hume David 1896 1739 A Treatise of Human Nature edited by Sir K C B Lewis Amherst Selby Bigg Oxford Clarendon Press Husserl Edmund 1931 Meditations cartesiennes Introduction a la phenomenologie translated by Gabrielle Peiffer and Emmanuel Levinas Bibliotheque Societe Francaise de Philosophie Paris A Colin Kennington Richard 2004 On Modern Origins Essays in Early Modern Philosophy edited by Pamela Kraus and Frank Hunt Lanham Md Lexington Books ISBN 0 7391 0814 X cloth ISBN 0 7391 0815 8 pbk Kilby Karen 2004 Balthasar and Karl Rahner In The Cambridge Companion to Hans Urs von Balthasar edited by Edward T Oakes and David Moss 256 68 Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 89147 7 Kompridis Nikolas 2006 The Idea of a New Beginning A Romantic Source of Normativity and Freedom In Philosophical Romanticism edited by Nikolas Kompridis 32 59 Abingdon UK and New York Routledge ISBN 0 415 25643 7 hbk ISBN 0 415 25644 5 pbk ISBN 0 203 50737 1 ebk Larrain Jorge 2000 Identity and Modernity in Latin America Cambridge UK Polity Malden MA Blackwell ISBN 0 7456 2623 8 cloth ISBN 0 7456 2624 6 pbk Laughey Dan 2007 Key Themes in Media Theory New York University Open Press Leppert Richard 2004 The Social Discipline of Listening In Aural Cultures edited by Jim Drobnick 19 35 Toronto YYZ Books Banff Walter Phillips Gallery Editions ISBN 0 920397 80 8 Mandeville Bernard 1714 The Fable of the Bees or Private Vices Publick Benefits London Printed for J Roberts Ninth edition as The Fable of the Bees or Private Vices Public Benefits with an Essay on Charity and Charity Schools and a Search into the Nature of Society to Which Is Added a Vindication of the Book from the Aspersions Contained in a Presentment of the Grand Jury of Middlesex and an Abusive Letter to the Lord C Edinburgh Printed for W Gray and W Peter 1755 Mansfield Harvey 1989 Taming the Prince The Johns Hopkins University Press kutipan diperlukan Norris Christopher 1995 Modernism In The Oxford Companion to Philosophy edited by Ted Honderich 583 Oxford and New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 866132 0 O Donnell James J 1979 Cassiodorus Berkeley California University of California Press ISBN 0 520 03646 8 Orwin Clifford and Nathan Tarcov 1997 The Legacy of Rousseau Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 63855 3 cloth ISBN 0 226 63856 1 pbk Osborne Peter 1992 Modernity Is a Qualitative Not a Chronological Category Notes on the Dialectics of Differential Historical Time In Postmodernism and the Re reading of Modernity edited by Francis Barker Peter Hulme and Margaret Iversen Essex Symposia Literature Politics Theory Manchester Manchester University Press ISBN 0 7190 3745 X Rahe Paul A 2006 Machiavelli s Liberal Republican Legacy Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 85187 9 Regilme Salvador Santino F Jr 2012 Social Discipline Democracy and Modernity Are They All Uniquely European Hamburg Review of Social Sciences 6 no 3 7 no 1 94 117 Rosen Stanley 1987 Benedict Spinoza In History of Political Philosophy third edition edited by Leo Strauss and Joseph Cropsey 456 475 Chicago University of Chicago Press Rosenau Pauline Marie 1992 Post modernism and the Social Sciences Insights Inroads and Intrusions Princeton N J Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 08619 2 cloth ISBN 0 691 02347 6 pbk Rousseau Jean Jacques 1997 The Discourses and Other Political Writings edited and translated by Victor Gourevitch Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 41381 8 cloth ISBN 0 521 42445 3 pbk Saul John Ralston 1992 Voltaire s Bastards The Dictatorship of Reason in the West New York Free Press Maxwell Macmillan International ISBN 0 02 927725 6 Smith Terry Modernity Grove Art Online Oxford Art Online Subscription access accessed September 21 2009 Strauss Leo 1958 Thoughts on Machiavelli Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 77702 2 Strauss Leo 1987 Niccolo Machiavelli In History of Political Philosophy third edition edited by Leo Strauss and Joseph Cropsey 296 317 Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 77708 1 cloth ISBN 0 226 77710 3 pbk Toulmin Stephen Edelston 1990 Cosmopolis The Hidden Agenda of Modernity New York Free Press ISBN 0 02 932631 1 Paperback reprint 1992 Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 80838 6 Vico Giambattista 1984 The New Science of Giambattista Vico Unabridged Translation of the Third Edition 1744 with the Addition of Practice of the New Science edited by Thomas Goddard Bergin and Max Harold Fisch Cornell Paperbacks Ithaca Cornell University Press ISBN 0 8014 9265 3 pbk Bacaan lanjutan SuntingAdem Seifudein 2004 Decolonizing Modernity Ibn Khaldun and Modern Historiography In Islam Past Present and Future International Seminar on Islamic Thought Proceedings edited by Ahmad Sunawari Long Jaffary Awang and Kamaruddin Salleh 570 87 Salangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Department of Theology and Philosophy Faculty of Islamic Studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Arendt Hannah 1958 The Origins Of Totalitarianism Cleavland World Publishing Co ISBN 0 8052 4225 2 Buci Glucksmann Christine 1994 Baroque Reason The Aesthetics of Modernity Thousand Oaks Calif Sage Publications ISBN 0 8039 8975 X cloth ISBN 0 8039 8976 8 pbk Carroll Michael Thomas 2000 Popular Modernity in America Experience Technology Mythohistory SUNY Series in Postmodern Culture Albany State University of New York Press ISBN 0 7914 4713 8 hc ISBN 0 7914 4714 6 pbk Corchia Luca 2008 Il concetto di modernita in Jurgen Habermas Un indice ragionato Diarsipkan 2011 07 22 di Wayback Machine The Lab s Quarterly Il Trimestrale del Laboratorio 2 396ff ISSN 2035 5548 Crouch Christopher 2000 Modernism in Art Design and Architecture New York St Martins Press ISBN 0 312 21830 3 cloth ISBN 0 312 21832 X pbk Davies Oliver 2004 The Theological Aesthetics In The Cambridge Companion to Hans Urs von Balthasar edited by Edward T Oakes and David Moss 131 42 Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 89147 7 Eisenstadt Shmuel Noah 2003 Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities 2 vols Leiden and Boston Brill Gaonkar Dilip Parameshwar ed 2001 Alternative Modernities A Millennial Quartet Book Durham Duke University Press ISBN 0 8223 2703 1 cloth ISBN 0 8223 2714 7 pbk Giddens Anthony 1990 The Consequences of Modernity Stanford Stanford University Press ISBN 0 8047 1762 1 cloth ISBN 0 8047 1891 1 pbk Cambridge UK Polity Press in association with Basil Blackwell Oxford ISBN 0 7456 0793 4 Horvath Agnes 2013 Modernism and Charisma Houndmills Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 1 137 27785 5 cloth Jarzombek Mark 2000 The Psychologizing of Modernity Art Architecture History Cambridge Cambridge University Press Kolakowsi Leszek 1990 Modernity on Endless Trial Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 45045 7 Kopic Mario Sekstant Belgrade Sluzbeni glasnik ISBN 978 86 519 0449 6 Latour Bruno 1993 We Have Never Been Modern translated by Catherine Porter Cambridge MA Harvard University Press ISBN 0 674 94838 6 hb ISBN 0 674 94839 4 pbk Perreau Saussine Emile 2005 Les liberaux face aux revolutions 1688 1789 1917 1933 PDF 457 KB Commentaire no 109 Spring 181 93 Regilme Salvador Santino F Jr 2012 Social Discipline Democracy and Modernity Are They All Uniquely European Diarsipkan 2013 05 24 di Wayback Machine Hamburg Review of Social Sciences Volume 6 Issue 3 amp Volume 7 Issue 1 94 117Pranala luar Sunting nbsp Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan Modernitas Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Modernitas amp oldid 18370922