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Kejahatan Nazi terhadap bangsa Polandia dilakukan oleh Jerman Nazi dan pasukan kolaborasionis Blok Poros pada invasi Pol

Kejahatan Nazi terhadap bangsa Polandia

Kejahatan Nazi terhadap bangsa Polandia dilakukan oleh Jerman Nazi dan pasukan kolaborasionis Blok Poros pada invasi Polandia, bersama dengan batalion-batalion auksilier pada pendudukan Polandia pada masa berikutnya dalam Perang Dunia II, yang terdiri dari pembunuhan etnis Polandia dan pemusnahan sistematis Yahudi Polandia. Jerman membenarkan genosida tersebut atas dasar teori rasional Nazi, yang menganggap Polandia dan bangsa-bangsa Slavia sebagai ras rendah Untermenschen dan menggambarkan Yahudi sebagai ancaman mutlak.

Kutipan sunting

  1. Kulesza 2004, PDF, p. 29.
  2. Gushee 2012, hlm. 313–314.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Gilbert90andWebs" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.

Referensi sunting

  • Böhler, Jochen (2009) [2006]. [Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu w Polsce. Wrzesien 1939] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Polish). Translated by Patrycja Pienkowska-Wiederkehr. Wydawnictwo Znak. ISBN 9788324012251. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF file, direct download 432 KB) tanggal 2013-10-13. Diakses tanggal 20 January 2014. From German original Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg: Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939, ISBN 3596163072. 
  • Datner, Szymon (1962). War Crimes in Poland. Genocide 1939–1945. Co-authors: Gumkowski, Janusz & Leszczynski, Kazimierz. Wydawnictwo Zachodnie. hlm. 18–19. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2013. Publ. in English, and in French as Crimes de guerre en pologne le genocide nazi 1939 1945. 
  • Datner, Szymon (1967). Piecdziesiat piec dni Wehrmachtu w Polsce [55 days of the Wehrmacht in Poland]. Wydawn. Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. Diakses tanggal 10 October 2013 – via Google Books, search inside. 
  • Datner, Szymon; Gumkowski, Janusz; Leszczynski, Kazimierz (1962). "Crimes of the Wehrmacht". Genocide 1939–1945. Pologne: Wydawnictwo Zachodnie. OCLC 493211788. 
  • Cyprian, Tadeusz (1961). Nazi Rule in Poland, 1939–1945. Co-author: Sawicki, Jerzy. Polonia Publishing House. hlm. 63–65. Diakses tanggal 10 October 2013 – via Google Books, search inside. 
  • Gordon, Sarah Ann (1984). Hitler, Germans, and the Jewish Question. Princeton University Press. hlm. 100. ISBN 9780691101620. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2013. 
  • Gilbert, Martin (1986). The Holocaust: the Jewish tragedy. Fontana / Collins. ISBN 0-00-637194-9. 
  • Gilbert, Martin (1990). The Holocaust: the Jewish tragedy. Londo: Fontana / Collinsn. ISBN 978-0006371946.  Reprint from Collins 1986 original, ISBN 0002163055.
  • Gushee, David P. (1 December 2012). Desecrations: Twentieth-Century Nazi Assaults on Human Life. The Sacredness of Human Life. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 313–314. ISBN 0802844200. Diakses tanggal 22 July 2013. 
  • IPN (2013) [2009]. (PDF). Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. Institute of National Remembrance: 1 / 23. PDF file, direct download 3.39 MB. See also: Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-02-04. Diakses tanggal 2019-08-31 – via Internet Archive. 
  • Kulesza, Witold (2004). [Wehrmacht's crimes in Poland – September 1939]. Vice-president of GKBZpNP (IPN). Warsaw: Bulletin of the Institute of National Remembrance, Issue 08-09/2004: 19–30. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF file, direct download 1.0 MB) tanggal 2013-06-03. Diakses tanggal 5 October 2013. Quote in Polish: "...w tych przypadkach, w których polska ludnosc cywilna podjela walke z Wehrmachtem, lecz ujeta przez wroga mordowana byla w egzekucjach poza sama walka, stawala sie ofiara oczywistych zbrodni wojennych. Konstatacja ta opiera sie takze na art. 6 statutu Miedzynarodowego Trybunalu Wojskowego w Norymberdze z 8 sierpnia 1945 r., który w punkcie b jako postaci zbrodni wojennych wskazuje pogwalcenie praw i zwyczajów wojennych przez morderstwa ludnosci cywilnej i jenców wojennych, a takze zabijanie zakladników oraz rozmyslne i bezcelowe burzenie miast, osad i wsi lub niszczenie nieusprawiedliwione wojskowa koniecznoscia." 
  • Markiewicz, Marcin (2003). "Represje hitlerowskie wobec wsi bialostockiej" [Nazi repressions against settlements around Bialystok] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Polish). Institute of National Remembrance: 65–68. ISSN 1641-9561. Diakses tanggal 21 January 2014 – via direct download from IPN Bulletin Nr: 12-1/2003–2004. 
  • Materski, Wojciech; Szarota, Tomasz (2009). "Polska 1939–1945 Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami" [Poland's human losses under occupation 1939–1945]. Compendium of literature and statistical data (dalam bahasa Polish). Institute of National Remembrance. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-07-15. Diakses tanggal 15 July 2013. 
  • Diemut Majer (2003). Non-Germans under the Third Reich: the Nazi judicial and administrative system in Germany and occupied Eastern Europe with special regard to occupied Poland, 1939–1945. ISBN 978-0-8018-6493-3. 
  • Ministry of Information (1941). The German New Order in Poland (Part One) (PDF file with Preview, available from Scribd Inc). Communiqué of the Polish Ministry of Information. Hutchinson & Co. hlm. 1–97. Diakses tanggal 4 October 2013. 
  • Mohnhaupt, Heinz; Schönfeldt, Hans-Andreas (1997). Polen (1944 – 1989/90). Normdurchsetzung in osteuropäischen Nachkriegsgesellschaften (1944–1989). Vittorio Klostermann. hlm. 75. ISBN 3465029321. Diakses tanggal 22 July 2013. Nazi crimes against the Polish nation [included] death penalty provided for three out of four crimes. 
  • Piotrowski, Tadeusz (2007). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland & Company – via Google Books, search inside. 
  • Piotrowski, Tadeusz (2005). "Poland WWII Casualties". Table 1. Footnote for 2005 update. Project InPosterum. Diakses tanggal 11 June 2015. Poland's WWII population losses (in millions). Description. Jewish: 3.1 million. Ethnic Poles: 2.0 million. Other minorities: 0.5 million. Total: 5.6 million. 
  • Snyder, Timothy, Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin, New York, Basic Books, 2010.
  • Steinlauf, Michael C. (1997). Bondage to the Dead. Poland and the Memory of the Holocaust. Syracuse University Press. hlm. 68. ISBN 0815627297. Diakses tanggal 22 July 2013. ...the memory of Nazi crimes against the Polish people played a central role" [in] "the development of modern Polish national identity. 
  • Hubert, Michel (1998). Deutschland im Wandel. Geschichte der deutschen Bevolkerung seit 1815 Steiner [Germany in Transition: Population since 1815]. Franz Verlag. hlm. 268–272. ISBN 3-515-07392-2. 
  • Rada Ministrów, Official list of places of detainment of citizens of Poland related to WWII. Rozporzadzenie Prezesa Rady Ministrów z dnia 20 wrzesnia 2001 (Dz.U.2001.106.1154).
  • Terese Pencak Schwartz, Five Million Forgotten: Non-Jewish Victims of the Shoah. The Holocaust Forgotten Memorial.
  • USHMM, Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era. Holocaust Teacher Resource Center. Retrieved 10 October 2013.

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Kejahatan Nazi terhadap bangsa Polandia dilakukan oleh Jerman Nazi dan pasukan kolaborasionis Blok Poros pada invasi Polandia 1 bersama dengan batalion batalion auksilier pada pendudukan Polandia pada masa berikutnya dalam Perang Dunia II 2 yang terdiri dari pembunuhan etnis Polandia dan pemusnahan sistematis Yahudi Polandia Jerman membenarkan genosida tersebut atas dasar teori rasional Nazi yang menganggap Polandia dan bangsa bangsa Slavia sebagai ras rendah Untermenschen dan menggambarkan Yahudi sebagai ancaman mutlak Kutipan sunting Kulesza 2004 PDF p 29 Gushee 2012 hlm 313 314 Kesalahan pengutipan Tag lt ref gt dengan nama Gilbert90andWebs yang didefinisikan di lt references gt tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya Referensi suntingBohler Jochen 2009 2006 Wehrmacht Atrocities in Poland September 1939 Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu w Polsce Wrzesien 1939 PDF dalam bahasa Polish Translated by Patrycja Pienkowska Wiederkehr Wydawnictwo Znak ISBN 9788324012251 Diarsipkan dari versi asli PDF file direct download 432 KB tanggal 2013 10 13 Diakses tanggal 20 January 2014 From German original Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939 ISBN 3596163072 Pemeliharaan CS1 Bahasa yang tidak diketahui link Datner Szymon 1962 War Crimes in Poland Genocide 1939 1945 Co authors Gumkowski Janusz amp Leszczynski Kazimierz Wydawnictwo Zachodnie hlm 18 19 Diakses tanggal 9 October 2013 Publ in English and in French as Crimes de guerre en pologne le genocide nazi 1939 1945 Datner Szymon 1967 Piecdziesiat piec dni Wehrmachtu w Polsce 55 days of the Wehrmacht in Poland Wydawn Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej Diakses tanggal 10 October 2013 via Google Books search inside Datner Szymon Gumkowski Janusz Leszczynski Kazimierz 1962 Crimes of the Wehrmacht Genocide 1939 1945 Pologne Wydawnictwo Zachodnie OCLC 493211788 Cyprian Tadeusz 1961 Nazi Rule in Poland 1939 1945 Co author Sawicki Jerzy Polonia Publishing House hlm 63 65 Diakses tanggal 10 October 2013 via Google Books search inside Gordon Sarah Ann 1984 Hitler Germans and the Jewish Question Princeton University Press hlm 100 ISBN 9780691101620 Diakses tanggal 6 October 2013 Gilbert Martin 1986 The Holocaust the Jewish tragedy Fontana Collins ISBN 0 00 637194 9 Gilbert Martin 1990 The Holocaust the Jewish tragedy Londo Fontana Collinsn ISBN 978 0006371946 Reprint from Collins 1986 original ISBN 0002163055 Gushee David P 1 December 2012 Desecrations Twentieth Century Nazi Assaults on Human Life The Sacredness of Human Life Wm B Eerdmans Publishing hlm 313 314 ISBN 0802844200 Diakses tanggal 22 July 2013 IPN 2013 2009 The Institute of National Remembrance Guide PDF Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation Institute of National Remembrance 1 23 PDF file direct download 3 39 MB See also About the Institute IPN 2007 Diarsipkan dari versi asli PDF tanggal 2013 02 04 Diakses tanggal 2019 08 31 via Internet Archive Kulesza Witold 2004 Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu w Polsce Wrzesien 1939 Wehrmacht s crimes in Poland September 1939 Vice president of GKBZpNP IPN Warsaw Bulletin of the Institute of National Remembrance Issue 08 09 2004 19 30 Diarsipkan dari versi asli PDF file direct download 1 0 MB tanggal 2013 06 03 Diakses tanggal 5 October 2013 Quote in Polish w tych przypadkach w ktorych polska ludnosc cywilna podjela walke z Wehrmachtem lecz ujeta przez wroga mordowana byla w egzekucjach poza sama walka stawala sie ofiara oczywistych zbrodni wojennych Konstatacja ta opiera sie takze na art 6 statutu Miedzynarodowego Trybunalu Wojskowego w Norymberdze z 8 sierpnia 1945 r ktory w punkcie b jako postaci zbrodni wojennych wskazuje pogwalcenie praw i zwyczajow wojennych przez morderstwa ludnosci cywilnej i jencow wojennych a takze zabijanie zakladnikow oraz rozmyslne i bezcelowe burzenie miast osad i wsi lub niszczenie nieusprawiedliwione wojskowa koniecznoscia Markiewicz Marcin 2003 Represje hitlerowskie wobec wsi bialostockiej Nazi repressions against settlements around Bialystok PDF dalam bahasa Polish Institute of National Remembrance 65 68 ISSN 1641 9561 Diakses tanggal 21 January 2014 via direct download from IPN Bulletin Nr 12 1 2003 2004 Pemeliharaan CS1 Bahasa yang tidak diketahui link Materski Wojciech Szarota Tomasz 2009 Polska 1939 1945 Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami Poland s human losses under occupation 1939 1945 Compendium of literature and statistical data dalam bahasa Polish Institute of National Remembrance Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013 07 15 Diakses tanggal 15 July 2013 Pemeliharaan CS1 Bahasa yang tidak diketahui link Diemut Majer 2003 Non Germans under the Third Reich the Nazi judicial and administrative system in Germany and occupied Eastern Europe with special regard to occupied Poland 1939 1945 ISBN 978 0 8018 6493 3 Ministry of Information 1941 The German New Order in Poland Part One PDF file with Preview available from Scribd Inc Communique of the Polish Ministry of Information Hutchinson amp Co hlm 1 97 Diakses tanggal 4 October 2013 Mohnhaupt Heinz Schonfeldt Hans Andreas 1997 Polen 1944 1989 90 Normdurchsetzung in osteuropaischen Nachkriegsgesellschaften 1944 1989 Vittorio Klostermann hlm 75 ISBN 3465029321 Diakses tanggal 22 July 2013 Nazi crimes against the Polish nation included death penalty provided for three out of four crimes Piotrowski Tadeusz 2007 Poland s Holocaust Ethnic Strife Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic 1918 1947 McFarland amp Company via Google Books search inside Piotrowski Tadeusz 2005 Poland WWII Casualties Table 1 Footnote for 2005 update Project InPosterum Diakses tanggal 11 June 2015 Poland s WWII population losses in millions Description Jewish 3 1 million Ethnic Poles 2 0 million Other minorities 0 5 million Total 5 6 million Snyder Timothy Bloodlands Europe between Hitler and Stalin New York Basic Books 2010 Steinlauf Michael C 1997 Bondage to the Dead Poland and the Memory of the Holocaust Syracuse University Press hlm 68 ISBN 0815627297 Diakses tanggal 22 July 2013 the memory of Nazi crimes against the Polish people played a central role in the development of modern Polish national identity Hubert Michel 1998 Deutschland im Wandel Geschichte der deutschen Bevolkerung seit 1815 Steiner Germany in Transition Population since 1815 Franz Verlag hlm 268 272 ISBN 3 515 07392 2 Rada Ministrow Official list of places of detainment of citizens of Poland related to WWII Rozporzadzenie Prezesa Rady Ministrow z dnia 20 wrzesnia 2001 Dz U 2001 106 1154 Terese Pencak Schwartz Five Million Forgotten Non Jewish Victims of the Shoah The Holocaust Forgotten Memorial USHMM Poles Victims of the Nazi Era Holocaust Teacher Resource Center Retrieved 10 October 2013 Koordinat 52 13 N 21 00 E 52 217 N 21 000 E 52 217 21 000 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Kejahatan Nazi terhadap bangsa Polandia amp oldid 21997518