www.wikidata.id-id.nina.az

Kaca Romawi Objek objek kaca Romawi diangkat di sepanjang kekaisaran Romawi dalam konteks domestik industrial dan pemaka

Kaca Romawi

Objek-objek kaca Romawi diangkat di sepanjang kekaisaran Romawi dalam konteks domestik, industrial dan pemakaman. Kaca biasanya digunakan untuk membuat barang-barang hias, meskipun genting mosaik dan kaca jendela juga dibuat. Pembuatan kaca Romawi berkembang dari tradisi teknikal Helenistik, yang awalnya berkonsentrasi pada produksi barang-barang kaca berwarna. Namun, pada abad ke-1 Masehi, industri tersebut bertumbuh cepat dengan pengenalan penggelembungan kaca dan dominasi gelas bening atau tak berwarna. Produksi kaca mentak dilakukan untuk mengerjakan kaca menjadi barang-barang hias di lokasi terpisah, dan pada akhir abad ke-1 Masehi, pembuatan skala besar diakibatkan karena penggunaan kaca sebagai material yang umum yang tersedia di dunia Romawi, dan juga memiliki teknik yang sangat sulit khususnya gaya-gaya kaca mewah, yang harus sangat menghabiskan banyak biaya.

Cangkir sarang Munich dari Koln, tertanggal pertengahan abad ke-4. Koleksi Staatliche Antikensammlung

Referensi sunting

  1. Fleming, S. J., 1999. Roman Glass; reflections on cultural change. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
  2. Stern, E. M., 1999. Roman Glassblowing in a Cultural Context. American Journal of Archaeology 103/3, 441-484.

Daftar pustaka sunting

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Ancient Roman glassware.
  • Allen, D., 1998. Roman Glass in Britain. Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire, Shire Publications.
  • Amrein, H.,2001, L'atelier de verriers d'Avenches. L'artisanat du verre au milieu du 1er siècle après J.-C., Cahiers d'archéologie romande 87, Lausanne 2001.
  • Baxter, M. J., H. E. M. Cool, et al., 2006. Comparing glass compositional analyses. Archaeometry 48/3, 399-414.
  • Biek, L. and J. Bayley, 1979. Glass and other Vitreous Materials. World Archaeology 11, Early Chemical Technology/1, 1-25.
  • Brill, R. H., 1999. Chemical Analyses of Early Glasses. New York, Corning Museum of Glass.
  • Caldera de Castro, M. d. P., 1990. Roman glass in southwest Spain. In Annales du 11e Congres. Amsterdam.
  • Caron, B., 1993. A Roman Figure-Engraved Glass Bowl. Metropolitan Museum Journal 28, 47-55.
  • Dussart, O., B. Velde, et al., 2004. Glass from Qal'at Sem'an (Northern Syria): The reworking of glass during the transition from Roman to Islamic compositions. Journal of Glass Studies 46, 67-83.
  • Evison, V. I., 1990. Red marbled glass, Roman to Carolingian. In Annales du 11e Congres. Amsterdam.
  • Facchini, G. M., 1990. Roman glass in an excavational context: Angere (VA). In Annales du 11e Congres. Amsterdam.
  • Fleming, S. J., 1999. Roman Glass; reflections on cultural change. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
  • Forbes, R. J., 1966. Studies in ancient technology V. Leiden, Brill.
  • Freestone, I. C., 2005. The provenance of ancient glass through compositional analysis. Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology 7.
  • Freestone, I. C., 2006. Glass production in Late Antiquity and the Early Islamic period: a geochemical perspective. Geomaterials in Cultural Heritage: Geological Society of London. Special publication 257: 201-216.
  • Freestone, I. C., M. Ponting, Hughes, M.J., 2002. Origins of Byzantine glass from Maroni Petrera, Cyprus. Archaeometry 44, 257-272.
  • Grose, D. F., 1991. Early Imperial Roman cast glass: The translucent coloured and colourless fine wares. Roman Glass: two centuries of art and invention. M. Newby and K. Painter. London: Society of Antiquaries of London.
  • Gudenrath, W., 2006. Enameled Glass Vessels, 1425 BC - 1800: The decorating Process. Journal of Glass Studies 48, 23.
  • Jackson, C. M., H. E. M. Cool, Wager, E.C.W., 1998. The manufacture of glass in Roman York. Journal of Glass Studies 40, 55-61.
  • Price, J., 1990. A survey of the Hellenistic and early Roman vessel glass found on the Unexplored Mansion Site at Knossos in Crete. Annales du 11e Congres. Amsterdam.
  • Rutti, B., 1991. Early Enamelled Glass. In M. Newby and K. Painter (eds.) Roman Glass: two centuries of art and invention. London: Society of Antiquaries of London.
  • Silvestri, A., G. Molin, et al., 2005. Roman and medieval glass from the Italian area: Bulk characterization and relationships with production technologies. Archaeometry 47/4, 797-816.
  • Stern, E. M., Roman Mould-blown Glass. Rome, Italy: L'Erma di Bretschneider in association with the Toledo Museum of Art.
  • Stern, E. M., 1991. Early Exports Beyond the Empire. Roman Glass: two centuries of art and invention. M. Newby and K. Painter. London: Society of Antiquaries of London.
  • Stern, E. M., 1999. Roman Glassblowing in a Cultural Context. American Journal of Archaeology 103/3, 441-484.
  • Stern, W. B., 1990. The composition of Roman glass. In: Annales du 11e Congres. Amsterdam.
  • Velde, B., Year. Observations on the chemical compositions of several types of Gallo-Roman and Frankish glass production. In: 9e Congres International d'Etude Historique du Verre, Nancy, France: Editions du Centre de Publications de L'A.I.H.V.
  • Whitehouse, D., 1990. Late Roman cameo glass. In: Annales du 11e Congres. Amsterdam.
  • Whitehouse, D., 1991. Cameo Glass. Roman Glass: two centuries of art and invention. M. Newby and K. Painter. London: Society of Antiquaries of London.(UK)
wikipedia, wiki, buku, buku, perpustakaan, artikel, baca, unduh, gratis, unduh gratis, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, gambar, musik, lagu, film, buku, permainan, permainan.
Tanggal penerbitan:
Objek objek kaca Romawi diangkat di sepanjang kekaisaran Romawi dalam konteks domestik industrial dan pemakaman Kaca biasanya digunakan untuk membuat barang barang hias meskipun genting mosaik dan kaca jendela juga dibuat Pembuatan kaca Romawi berkembang dari tradisi teknikal Helenistik yang awalnya berkonsentrasi pada produksi barang barang kaca berwarna Namun pada abad ke 1 Masehi industri tersebut bertumbuh cepat dengan pengenalan penggelembungan kaca dan dominasi gelas bening atau tak berwarna Produksi kaca mentak dilakukan untuk mengerjakan kaca menjadi barang barang hias di lokasi terpisah 1 2 dan pada akhir abad ke 1 Masehi pembuatan skala besar diakibatkan karena penggunaan kaca sebagai material yang umum yang tersedia di dunia Romawi dan juga memiliki teknik yang sangat sulit khususnya gaya gaya kaca mewah yang harus sangat menghabiskan banyak biaya Cangkir sarang Munich dari Koln tertanggal pertengahan abad ke 4 Koleksi Staatliche AntikensammlungReferensi sunting Fleming S J 1999 Roman Glass reflections on cultural change Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Stern E M 1999 Roman Glassblowing in a Cultural Context American Journal of Archaeology 103 3 441 484 Daftar pustaka sunting nbsp Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Ancient Roman glassware Allen D 1998 Roman Glass in Britain Princes Risborough Buckinghamshire Shire Publications Amrein H 2001 L atelier de verriers d Avenches L artisanat du verre au milieu du 1er siecle apres J C Cahiers d archeologie romande 87 Lausanne 2001 Baxter M J H E M Cool et al 2006 Comparing glass compositional analyses Archaeometry 48 3 399 414 Biek L and J Bayley 1979 Glass and other Vitreous Materials World Archaeology 11 Early Chemical Technology 1 1 25 Brill R H 1999 Chemical Analyses of Early Glasses New York Corning Museum of Glass Caldera de Castro M d P 1990 Roman glass in southwest Spain In Annales du 11e Congres Amsterdam Caron B 1993 A Roman Figure Engraved Glass Bowl Metropolitan Museum Journal 28 47 55 Dussart O B Velde et al 2004 Glass from Qal at Sem an Northern Syria The reworking of glass during the transition from Roman to Islamic compositions Journal of Glass Studies 46 67 83 Evison V I 1990 Red marbled glass Roman to Carolingian In Annales du 11e Congres Amsterdam Facchini G M 1990 Roman glass in an excavational context Angere VA In Annales du 11e Congres Amsterdam Fleming S J 1999 Roman Glass reflections on cultural change Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Forbes R J 1966 Studies in ancient technology V Leiden Brill Freestone I C 2005 The provenance of ancient glass through compositional analysis Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology 7 Freestone I C 2006 Glass production in Late Antiquity and the Early Islamic period a geochemical perspective Geomaterials in Cultural Heritage Geological Society of London Special publication 257 201 216 Freestone I C M Ponting Hughes M J 2002 Origins of Byzantine glass from Maroni Petrera Cyprus Archaeometry 44 257 272 Grose D F 1991 Early Imperial Roman cast glass The translucent coloured and colourless fine wares Roman Glass two centuries of art and invention M Newby and K Painter London Society of Antiquaries of London Gudenrath W 2006 Enameled Glass Vessels 1425 BC 1800 The decorating Process Journal of Glass Studies 48 23 Jackson C M H E M Cool Wager E C W 1998 The manufacture of glass in Roman York Journal of Glass Studies 40 55 61 Price J 1990 A survey of the Hellenistic and early Roman vessel glass found on the Unexplored Mansion Site at Knossos in Crete Annales du 11e Congres Amsterdam Rutti B 1991 Early Enamelled Glass In M Newby and K Painter eds Roman Glass two centuries of art and invention London Society of Antiquaries of London Silvestri A G Molin et al 2005 Roman and medieval glass from the Italian area Bulk characterization and relationships with production technologies Archaeometry 47 4 797 816 Stern E M Roman Mould blown Glass Rome Italy L Erma di Bretschneider in association with the Toledo Museum of Art Stern E M 1991 Early Exports Beyond the Empire Roman Glass two centuries of art and invention M Newby and K Painter London Society of Antiquaries of London Stern E M 1999 Roman Glassblowing in a Cultural Context American Journal of Archaeology 103 3 441 484 Stern W B 1990 The composition of Roman glass In Annales du 11e Congres Amsterdam Velde B Year Observations on the chemical compositions of several types of Gallo Roman and Frankish glass production In 9e Congres International d Etude Historique du Verre Nancy France Editions du Centre de Publications de L A I H V Whitehouse D 1990 Late Roman cameo glass In Annales du 11e Congres Amsterdam Whitehouse D 1991 Cameo Glass Roman Glass two centuries of art and invention M Newby and K Painter London Society of Antiquaries of London UK Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Kaca Romawi amp oldid 17689692