James Bryant Conant (26 Maret 1893 – 11 Februari 1978) adalah seorang kimiawan Amerika, seorang transformator Presiden Universitas Harvard, dan Duta Besar A.S. untuk Jerman Barat pertama.
James Bryant Conant | |
|---|---|
James Bryant Conant pada tahun 1948 | |
| Menteri untuk Jerman Barat | |
| Masa jabatan 14 Mei 1955 – 19 Februari 1957 | |
| Presiden | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Pengganti David K. E. Bruce | |
| Presiden Universitas Harvard ke-23 | |
| Masa jabatan 1933–1953 | |
Pendahulu Abbott Lawrence Lowell Pengganti Nathan Marsh Pusey | |
| Informasi pribadi | |
| Lahir | 26 Maret 1893 Dorchester, Massachusetts |
| Meninggal | 11 Februari 1978 (umur 84) Hanover, New Hampshire |
| Hubungan | Jennet Conant (cucu) |
| Penghargaan sipil | Nichols Medal (1932); Chandler Medal (1932); Commandeur, Legion d'Honneur (1936); Benjamin Franklin Medal (1943); Priestley Medal (1944); Medal for Merit (1946); Kentucky colonel (1946); American Education Award (1947); Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1948); Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1957); Medali Kebebasan (1963); Sylvanus Thayer Award (1965); Arches of Science Award (1967); Atomic Pioneers Award (1969); Medali Clark Kerr (1977): Fellow of the Royal SocietyFor a full list of awards, see Bartlett 1983, hlm. 110–111 |
| Tanda tangan | |
| Karier militer | |
| Pihak | Amerika Serikat |
| Dinas/cabang | Chemical Warfare Service |
| Masa dinas | 1917–1919 |
| Pangkat | Mayor |
| Pertempuran/perang | Perang Dunia I |
Daftar pustaka sunting
- — with Black, N. H. (1920). Practical Chemistry: Fundamental Facts and Applications to Modern Life. New York: Macmillan. OCLC 3639905.
- — (1928). Organic Chemistry. New York: Macmillan.
- — (1932). Equilibria and Rates of Some Organic Reactions. New York: Columbia University Press.
- — (1933). The Chemistry of Organic Compounds. New York: Macmillan.
- — with Tishler, Max (1936). Organic Chemistry. New York: Macmillan.
- — with Black, N. H. (1937). New Practical Chemistry. New York: Macmillan.
- — with Tishler, Max (1939). The Chemistry of Organic Compounds. New York: Macmillan.
- — (1944). Our Fighting Faith. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- — with Blatt, A. H. (1947). The Chemistry of Organic Compounds. New York: Macmillan.
- — (1948). On Understanding Science, An Historical Approach. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- — (1948). Education in a Divided World. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- — (1949). The Growth of Experimental Sciences: An Experiment in General Education. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- — with Blatt, A. H. (1949). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry. New York: Macmillan.
- — (1951). Science and Common Sense. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- — (1953). Education and Liberty. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
- — (1955). Gleichheit der Chancen: Erziehung und Gesellschaftsordnung in den Vereinigten Staaten. Bad Manheim: Christian-Verlag.
- — (1956). The Citadel of Learning. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- — (1957). Harvard Case Histories in Experimental Science. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- — (1958). Deutschland und die Freiheit. Frankfurt: Ullstein.
- — (1959). The American High School Today. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- — (1959). The Child, the Parent, and the State. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- — (1960). Education in the Junior High School Years. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- — (1961). Slums and Suburbs, A Commentary on Schools in Metropolitan Areas. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- — (1962). Thomas Jefferson and the Development of American Public Education. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- — (1962). Germany and Freedom, A Personal Appraisal. New York: Capricorn Books.
- — (1963). The Education of American Teachers. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- — (1964). Shaping Educational Policy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- — (1964). Two Modes of Thought. New York: Trident Press.
- — (1967). The Comprehensive High School, A Second Report to Interested Citizens. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- — (1967). Scientific Principles and Moral Conduct. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- — (1970). My Several Lives, Memoirs of a Social Inventor. New York: Harper & Row. OCLC 58674.
Catatan sunting
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Referensi sunting
- Bartlett, Paul D. (1983). James Bryant Conant, 1893–1978: A Biographical Memoir (PDF). Biographical Memoirs. Washington, D.C.: The National Academy Press. OCLC 41889424. Diakses tanggal April 27, 2012.
- Biddle, Justin (December 2011). "Putting Pragmatism to Work in the Cold War: Science, Technology, and Politics in the Writings of James B. Conant". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science. 42 (4): 552–561. doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2011.07.002. ISSN 0039-3681.
- Hall, Norris F.; Conant, James B. (1927). "A Study of Superacid Solutions. I. The Use of the Chloranil Electrode in Glacial Acetic Acid and the Strength of Certain Weak Bases". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 49 (12): pp. 3062–70. doi:10.1021/ja01411a010. ISSN 0002-7863.
- Conant, J. B. (1970). My Several Lives, Memoirs of a Social Inventor. New York: Harper & Row. OCLC 58674.
- Giangreco, D. M. (July 1997). "Casualty Projections for the U.S. Invasions of Japan, 1945–1946: Planning and Policy Implications". Journal of Military History. 61 (3): pp. 521–582. doi:10.2307/2954035. ISSN 1543-7795.
- Hershberg, James G. (1993). James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-57966-6. OCLC 27678159.
- Hewlett, Richard G.; Anderson, Oscar E. (1962). The New World, 1939–1946 (PDF). University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-520-07186-7. OCLC 637004643. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2013.
- Hewlett, Richard G.; Duncan, Francis (1969). Atomic Shield, 1947–1952. A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-520-07187-5. OCLC 3717478.
- Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). Making Harvard Modern: the rise of America's University. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. OCLC 47045081.
- Kevles, Daniel J. (March 1977). "The National Science Foundation and the Debate over Postwar Research Policy, 1942–1945: A Political Interpretation of Science—The Endless Frontier". Isis. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society. 68 (1): pp. 4–26. doi:10.1086/351711. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 230370.
- Kistiakowsky, George; Westheimer, Frank (1979). "James Bryant Conant". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 25: pp. 209–232. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1979.0006. ISSN 1748-8494.
- Saltzman, Martin D. (2003). "James Bryant Conant: The Making of an Iconoclastic Chemist" (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 28 (2). ISSN 1053-4385. Diakses tanggal May 2, 2012.
- Stewart, Irvin (1948). Organizing Scientific Research for War: The Administrative History of the Office of Scientific Research and Development. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. OCLC 500138898. Diakses tanggal April 1, 2012.
- Stimson, Henry L. (February 1947). "The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb". Harper's Magazine. Harpers Magazine Foundation: pp. 97–107. ISSN 0017-789X.
Pranala luar sunting
- Conant, Jennet (May 2, 2005). . Los Angeles Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-16. Diakses tanggal June 16, 2012.
- "Participants: James Bryant Conant". Oregon State University. Diakses tanggal June 16, 2012. Correspondence between Conant and Linus Pauling.