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Keberadaan hak asasi manusia yang diakui dan dilindungi di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok Tiongkok atau RRT adalah sebuah bahan dari persengketaan antara pemerintahannya dan organisasi organisasi dan individu individu di luar pemerintahan tersebut Otoritas RRT para pendukungnya dan lapisan lainnya mengklaim bahwa kebijakan kebijakan yang ada menentang pelecehan hak asasi manusia Namun negara negara lainnya dan otoritas otoritas mereka seperti Departemen Negara Amerika Serikat Kanada India dan lain lain organisasi organisasi non pemerintah ONP internasional seperti Human Rights in China dan Amnesty International dan pihak pihak yang berseberangan dengan negara tersebut menyatakan bahwa otoritas otoritas di daratan utama Tiongkok telah membiarkan atau melakukan pelecehan hak asasi manusia ONP ONP seperti Amnesty International dan Human Rights Watch serta institusi institusi pemerintahan luar negeri seperti Departemen Negara A S menyatakan bahwa RRT telah mencederai kebebasan berbicara pergerakan dan beragama terhadap para warga sipilnya dan orang orang lainnya pada yurisdiksinya Otoritas otoritas di RRT mengklaim bahwa definisi hak asasi manusia berbeda beda seperti yang meliputi hak asasi ekonomi dan sosial serta politik semuanya berada dalam hubungan terhadap budaya nasional dan tingkat perkembangan dari negara tersebut 1 Otoritas otoritas di RRT yang merujuk kepada definisi ini mengklaim bahwa hak asasi manusia telah diimprovisasikan 2 Namun mereka tidak menggunakan definisi yang digunakan oleh kebanyakan negara dan organisasi Menurut Konstitusi RRT para politikus RRT menyatakan bahwa Empat Prinsip Kardinal memberikan hak hak kewarganegaraan Para pejabat RRT menginterpretasikan kebijakan Empat Prinsip Kardinal sebagai basis hukum untuk penangkapan orang yang pemerintah pandang akan meruntuhkan prinsip prinsip tersebut Sejumlah kelompok hak asasi manusia menerbitkan masalah hak asasi manusia di Tiongkok yang mereka anggap gagal ditangani oleh pemerintahan tersebut yang meliputi hukuman mati kebijakan satu anak status hukum dan politik Tibet dan pembatasan kebebasan pers di daratan utama Tiongkok Daftar isi 1 Lihat pula 2 Catatan 3 Referensi 4 Bacaan tambahan 5 Pranala luarLihat pula sunting nbsp Portal Tiongkok Hak asasi manusia di Hong Kong Hak asasi manusia di Makau Hak asasi manusia di Tibet Hak asasi manusia di Taiwan Protes Lapangan Tiananmen 1989 Migrasi ekologiCatatan sunting Human rights can be manifested differently China Daily 12 Desember 2005 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007 12 09 Diakses tanggal 2015 02 11 Progress in China s Human Rights Cause in 1996 March 1997 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016 03 04 Diakses tanggal 2015 02 11 Referensi sunting Country Cousins The Economist 8 April 2000 Dalai Lama honours Tintin and Tutu Diarsipkan 2006 06 09 di Wayback Machine BBC News 2 June 2006 From politics to health policies why they re in trouble The Star 6 February 2007 Online encyclopedia Wikipedia founder raps firms aiding China censorship Associated Press Financial Wire 8 March 2007 Profile The Dalai Lama Diarsipkan 2011 02 08 di Wayback Machine BBC News 25 April 2006 Tutu calls on China to do the right thing in Tibet Diarsipkan 2007 06 18 di Wayback Machine International Campaign for Tibet 1 June 2006 United States Congressional Serial Set United States Government Printing Office 1993 What do we expect the United Kingdom to do Diarsipkan 2007 09 13 di Wayback Machine Tibet Vigil UK June 2002 Retrieved 25 June 2006 Au Loong yu Nan Shan Zhang Ping Women Migrant Workers under the Chinese Social Apartheid PDF 2 01 MB Committee for Asian Women May 2007 Chan Anita China s Workers Under Assault The Exploitation of Labor in a Globalizing Economy M E Sharpe 2001 ISBN 0 7656 0357 8 Chan Anita amp Senser Robert A China s Troubled Workers Diarsipkan 2007 09 27 di Wayback Machine Foreign Affairs March April 1997 Ching Frank China The Truth About Its Human Rights Record Rider Books 2008 ISBN 978 1 84604 138 9 Elliott Mark C The Manchu Way The 8 Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China Stanford University Press 2001 ISBN 0 8047 3606 5 Goble Paul China Analysis From Washington A Breakthrough For Tibet Diarsipkan 2021 04 18 di Wayback Machine World Tibet Network News Canada Tibet Committee Diarsipkan 2008 09 14 di Wayback Machine 31 August 2001 Laquian Aprodicio A Beyond Metropolis The Planning and Governance of Asia s Mega Urban Regions Johns Hopkins University Press 2005 ISBN 0 8018 8176 5 Lasater Martin L amp Conboy Kenneth J Why the World Is Watching Beijing s Treatment of Tibet Diarsipkan 2009 02 05 di Wayback Machine Heritage Foundation 9 October 1987 Luard Tim China rethinks peasant apartheid Diarsipkan 2009 06 01 di Wayback Machine BBC News 10 November 2005 Macleod Calum China reviews apartheid for 900 m peasants Diarsipkan 2015 10 17 di Wayback Machine The Independent 10 June 2001 Neville Hadley Peter Frommer s China Frommers com 2003 ISBN 0 7645 6755 1 Robinson Thomas W amp Shambaugh David L Chinese Foreign Policy Theory and Practice Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 829016 0 Rosenthal A M China s Apartheid Taiwan Policy The New York Times 4 December 1995 Snow Phillip Third World Report Chinese apartheid threatens links with Africa The Guardian 20 January 1989 von Senger Harro Chinese culture and human rights online available pdf Diarsipkan 2013 10 21 di Wayback Machine In Wolfgang Schmale Hrsg Human rights and cultural diversity Europe Arabic Islamic world Africa China Goldbach Keip 1993 pp 281 333 Waddington Jeremy Globalization and Patterns of Labour Resistance Routledge 1999 ISBN 0 7201 2369 0 Whitehouse David Chinese workers and peasants in three phases of accumulation PDF 73 5 KB Paper delivered at the Colloquium on Economy Society and Nature sponsored by the Centre for Civil Society at the University of KwaZulu Natal 2 March 2006 Retrieved 1 August 2007 Wildasin David E Factor mobility risk inequality and redistribution in David Pines Efraim Sadka Itzhak Zilcha Topics in Public Economics Theoretical and Applied Analysis Cambridge University Press 1998 ISBN 0 521 56136 1 Yao Shunli China s WTO Revolution Diarsipkan 2009 03 05 di Wayback Machine Project Syndicate June 2002Bacaan tambahan suntingCheng Lucie Rossett Arthur and Woo Lucie East Asian Law Universal Norms and Local Cultures RoutledgeCurzon 2003 ISBN 0 415 29735 4 Edwards Catherine China s Abuses Ignored for Profit Insight on the News Vol 15 20 December 1999 Foot Rosemary 2000 Rights beyond Borders The Global Community and the Struggle over Human Rights in China Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 829776 9 Jones Carol A G 1994 Capitalism Globalization and Rule of Law An Alternative Trajectory of Legal Change in China Social and Legal Studies 3 2 195 220 doi 10 1177 096466399400300201 Klotz Audie 1995 Norms in International Relations The Struggle against Apartheid Cornell University Press ISBN 0 8014 3106 9 Knight J Song L 1999 The Rural Urban Divide Economic Disparities and Interactions in China Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 829330 5 Martin Matthew D III 2007 The Dysfunctional Progeny of Eugenics Autonomy Gone AWOL Cardozo Journal of International Law 15 2 371 421 ISSN 1069 3181 Seymour James 1984 Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Relations Dalam Kim Samuel S China and the World Chinese Foreign Policy Faces the New Millennium Westview Press ISBN 0 8133 3414 4 Sitaraman Srini Explaining China s Continued Resistance Towards Human Rights Norms A Historical Legal Analysis Diarsipkan 2015 02 11 di Wayback Machine ACDIS Occasional Paper Program in Arms Control Disarmament and International Security University of Illinois June 2008 Svensson Marina The Chinese Debate on Asian Values and Human Rights Some Reflections on Relativism Nationalism and Orientalism in Brun Ole Human Rights and Asian Values Contesting National Identities and Cultural Representations in Asia Ole Bruun Michael Jacobsen Curzon 2000 ISBN 0 7007 1212 7 Wang Fei Ling Organizing through Division and Exclusion China s Hukou System Stanford University Press 2005 ISBN 0 8047 5039 4 Zweig David Freeing China s Farmers Rural Restructuring in the Reform Era M E Sharpe 1997 ISBN 1 56324 838 7 The silent majority China Life in a Chinese village The Economist April 2005 China s Geography Globalization and the Dynamics of Political Economic and Social Change Anwar Rahman Sinicization Beyond the Great Wall China s Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous RegionPranala luar suntingReview of China Diarsipkan 2022 06 27 di Wayback Machine by the United Nations Human Rights Council s Universal Periodic Review 7 February 2009 UN Human Development Report 2003 on China Diarsipkan 2006 01 03 di Wayback Machine by the United Nations Development Programme 2004 Human Rights Report on China Diarsipkan 2012 01 20 di Wayback Machine by the United States Department of State Freedom House Freedom in the World 2011 Country Report China Diarsipkan 2012 01 04 di Wayback Machine Amnesty org Report China 2011 Diarsipkan 2011 08 05 di Wayback Machine Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Hak asasi manusia di Tiongkok amp oldid 24515071