Berikut ini adalah tabel yang memperlihatkan daftar seluruh benda buatan manusia yang berada di permukaan Bulan.
Tabel objek sunting
Objek | Gambar | Kebangsaan | Tahun | Massa (kg) | Status | Lokasi | Gambar dari orbit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Luna 2 | USSR | 1959 | 390.2 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 29°06′N 0°00′E / 29.1°N -0°E | ||
Ranger 4 | USA | 1962 | 331 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 15°30′S 130°42′W / 15.5°S 130.7°W | ||
Ranger 6 | USA | 1964 | 381 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 9°21′29″N 21°28′48″E / 9.358°N 21.480°E | ||
Ranger 7 | USA | 1964 | 365.7 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 10°38′S 20°36′W / 10.63°S 20.60°W | ||
Luna 5 | USSR | 1965 | 1474 | Hancur | 8°N 23°W / 8°N 23°W | ||
Luna 7 | USSR | 1965 | 1504 | Hancur | 9°48′N 47°48′W / 9.8°N 47.8°W | ||
Luna 8 | USSR | 1965 | 1550 | Hancur | 9°06′N 63°18′W / 9.1°N 63.3°W | ||
Ranger 8 | USA | 1965 | 367 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 2°38′17″N 24°47′13″E / 2.638°N 24.787°E | ||
Ranger 9 | USA | 1965 | 367 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 12°49′41″S 2°23′13″W / 12.828°S 2.387°W | ||
Luna 9 | USSR | 1966 | 1580 | Mendarat | 7°05′N 64°22′W / 7.08°N 64.37°W | ||
Luna 10 | USSR | 1966 | 1600 | Hancur (pasca misi) | ? | ||
Luna 11 | USSR | 1966 | 1640 | Hancur | ? | ||
Luna 12 | USSR | 1966 | 1670 | Hancur | ? | ||
Luna 13 | USSR | 1966 | 1700 | Mendarat | 18°52′N 62°03′W / 18.87°N 62.05°W | ||
Surveyor 1 | USA | 1966 | 270 | Mendarat | 2°28′26″S 43°20′20″W / 2.474°S 43.339°W | LROC page 2014-03-05 di Wayback Machine. | |
Lunar Orbiter 1 | USA | 1966 | 386 | Hancur (pasca misi) | 6°42′N 162°00′E / 6.70°N 162°E | ||
Surveyor 2 | USA | 1966 | 292 | Hancur | 5°30′S 12°00′W / 5.5°S 12°W | ||
Lunar Orbiter 2 | USA | 1966 | 385 | Hancur (pasca misi) | 3°00′N 119°00′E / 3.0°N 119°E | ||
Lunar Orbiter 3 | USA | 1966 | 386 | Hancur (pasca misi) | 14°18′N 97°42′W / 14.3°N 97.7°W | ||
Surveyor 3 | USA | 1967 | 281 | Mendarat | 3°00′54″S 23°25′05″W / 3.015°S 23.418°W | LROC page 2014-02-26 di Wayback Machine. | |
Lunar Orbiter 4 | USA | 1967 | 386 | Hancur (pasca misi) | ? | ||
Surveyor 4 | USA | 1967 | 283 | Hancur | 0°24′N 1°20′W / 0.4°N 1.33°W | ||
Explorer 35 (IMP-E) | USA | 1967 | 104.3 | Hancur | ? | ||
Lunar Orbiter 5 | USA | 1967 | 386 | Hancur (pasca misi) | 3°S 83°W / 3°S 83°W | ||
Surveyor 5 | USA | 1967 | 281 | Mendarat | 1°27′40″N 23°11′42″E / 1.461°N 23.195°E | LROC page 2014-05-08 di Wayback Machine. | |
Surveyor 6 | USA | 1967 | 282 | Mendarat | 0°29′N 1°24′W / 0.49°N 1.40°W | LROC page 2014-05-08 di Wayback Machine. | |
Surveyor 7 | USA | 1967 | 290 | Mendarat | 40°52′S 11°28′W / 40.86°S 11.47°W | ||
Luna 14 | USSR | 1968 | 1670 | Hancur | ? | ||
Apollo 10 LM (Snoopy) descent stage | USA | 1969 | 2211 | Hancur | ? (pasca misi) | ||
Luna 15 | USSR | 1969 | 2718 | Hancur | ? | ||
Apollo 11 LM-5 (Eagle) descent stage | USA | 1969 | 2034 | Mendarat | 0°40′27″N 23°28′23″E / 0.6741°N 23.4730°E | LROC page 2014-05-08 di Wayback Machine. | |
Apollo 11 LM ascent stage | USA | 1969 | 2184 | Hancur (pasca misi) | ? | ||
Apollo 12 LM-6 (Intrepid) descent stage | USA | 1969 | 2211 | Mendarat | 3°00′45″S 23°25′18″W / 3.0124°S 23.4216°W | LROC page 2014-04-10 di Wayback Machine. Image 2010-06-10 di Wayback Machine. | |
Apollo 12 LM ascent stage | USA | 1969 | 2164 | Hancur (pasca misi) | 3°56′S 21°12′W / 3.94°S 21.20°W | ||
Luna 16 descent stage | USSR | 1970 | < 5727 | Mendarat | 0°41′S 56°18′E / 0.68°S 56.3°E | ||
Luna 17 & Lunokhod 1 | USSR | 1970 | 5600 | Mendarat | 38°17′N 35°00′W / 38.28°N 35.0°W | ||
Apollo 13 S-IVB (S-IVB-508) | USA | 1970 | 13454 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 2°45′S 27°52′W / 2.75°S 27.86°W | LROC page | |
Luna 18 | USSR | 1971 | 5600 | Hancur | 3°34′N 56°30′E / 3.57°N 56.5°E | ||
Luna 19 | USSR | 1971 | 5600 | Hancur | ? | ||
Apollo 14 S-IVB (S-IVB-509) | USA | 1971 | 14016 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 8°05′S 26°01′W / 8.09°S 26.02°W | LROC page 2013-01-29 di Wayback Machine. | |
Apollo 14 LM-8 (Antares) descent stage | USA | 1971 | 2144 | Mendarat | 3°38′43″S 17°28′17″W / 3.6453°S 17.4714°W | ||
Apollo 14 LM-8 ascent stage | USA | 1971 | 2132 | Hancur (pasca misi) | 3°25′S 19°40′W / 3.42°S 19.67°W | ||
Apollo 15 S-IVB (S-IVB-510) | USA | 1971 | 14036 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 1°31′S 11°49′W / 1.51°S 11.81°W | ||
Apollo 15 LM-10 (Falcon) descent stage | USA | 1971 | 2809 | Mendarat | 26°07′56″N 3°38′02″E / 26.1322°N 3.6339°E | LROC page[pranala nonaktif permanen] | |
Apollo 15 Lunar Rover | USA | 1971 | 462 | Mendarat | 26°05′N 3°40′E / 26.08°N 3.66°E | ||
Apollo 15 LM-10 ascent (Falcon) stage | USA | 1971 | 2132 | Hancur (pasca misi) | 26°22′N 0°15′E / 26.36°N 0.25°E | ||
Apollo 15 subsatellite | USA | 1971 | 36 | Hancur (pasca misi) | ? | ||
Luna 20 descent stage | USSR | 1972 | < 5727 | Mendarat | 3°34′N 56°30′E / 3.57°N 56.5°E | LROC page 2014-04-10 di Wayback Machine. | |
Apollo 16 S-IVB (S-IVB-511) | USA | 1972 | 14002 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 1°18′N 23°48′W / 1.3°N 23.8°W | ||
Apollo 16 LM-11 (Orion) descent stage | USA | 1972 | 2765 | Mendarat | 8°58′23″S 15°30′01″E / 8.9730°S 15.5002°E | LROC page[pranala nonaktif permanen] | |
Apollo 16 Lunar Rover | USA | 1972 | 462 | Mendarat | 8°58′S 15°31′E / 8.97°S 15.51°E | ||
Apollo 16 LM-11 (Orion) ascent stage | USA | 1972 | 2138 | Hancur (pasca misi) | ? | ||
Apollo 16 subsatellite | USA | 1972 | 36 | Hancur (pasca misi) | ? | ||
Apollo 17 S-IVB (S-IVB-512) | USA | 1972 | 13960 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 4°13′S 12°19′W / 4.21°S 12.31°W | ||
Apollo 17 LM-12 (Challenger) descent stage | USA | 1972 | 2798 | Mendarat | 20°11′27″N 30°46′18″E / 20.1908°N 30.7717°E | LROC page 2014-03-28 di Wayback Machine. | |
Apollo 17 Lunar Rover | USA | 1972 | 462 | Mendarat | 20°10′N 30°46′E / 20.17°N 30.77°E | ||
Apollo 17 LM-12 (Challenger) ascent stage | USA | 1972 | 2150 | Hancur (pasca misi) | 19°58′N 30°30′E / 19.96°N 30.50°E | ||
Luna 21 & Lunokhod 2 | USSR | 1973 | 4850 | Mendarat | 25°51′N 30°27′E / 25.85°N 30.45°E | ||
Explorer 49 (RAE-B) | USA | 1973 | 328 | Hancur | ? | ||
Luna 22 | USSR | 1974 | 4000 | Hancur | ? | ||
Luna 23 | USSR | 1974 | 5600 | Mendarat | ~12.75ºN, ~62.2ºE | LROC page 2012-07-14 di Wayback Machine. | |
Luna 24 descent stage | USSR | 1976 | < 5800 | Mendarat | 12°45′N 62°12′E / 12.75°N 62.2°E | LROC page 2012-07-14 di Wayback Machine. | |
Hagoromo / Hiten | Japan | 1990 | 12 | Hancur (orbit / hancur tidak dikonfirmasikan) | ? | ||
Hiten | Japan | 1993 | 143 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 34°18′S 55°36′E / 34.3°S 55.6°E | ||
Lunar Prospector | USA | 1998 | 126 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 87°42′S 42°21′E / 87.7°S 42.35°E | ||
SMART-1 | ESA | 2006 | 307 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 34°14′S 46°12′W / 34.24°S 46.2°W | ||
Moon Impact Probe (MIP) / Chandrayaan-1 | India | 2008 | 35 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 89°S 30°W / 89°S 30°W | ||
SELENE Rstar (Okina) | Japan | 2009 | 53 | Hancur | 28°12′47″N 159°01′59″W / 28.213°N 159.033°W | ||
Chang'e 1 | China | 2009 | 2000 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 1°30′S 52°22′E / 1.50°S 52.36°E | ||
Chandrayaan-1 | India | 2009 | 1,380 | Hancur saat misi | ? | ||
SELENE (Kaguya) main orbiter | Japan | 2009 | 1984 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 65°30′S 80°30′E / 65.5°S 80.5°E | ||
LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft | USA | 2009 | 700 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 84°43′44″S 49°21′36″W / 84.729°S 49.36°W, -3.80909 km elevation (Cabeus crater) | ||
LCROSS Centaur | USA | 2009 | 2270 | Dihancurkan dengan sengaja | 84°40′30″S 48°43′30″W / 84.675°S 48.725°W, -3.82693 km elevation (Cabeus crater) | ||
GRAIL | USA | 2012 | 132.6 | Hancur (pasca misi) | 75°37′N 26°38′W / 75.62°N 26.63°W | ||
Chang'e 3 & Yutu | China | 2013 | 1200 | Mendarat | 44°07′N 19°31′W / 44.12°N 19.51°W | ||
LADEE | USA | 2014 | 248.2 | Impact | |||
Total estimated dry mass (kg) | 180,244 |
Galeri sunting
Lihat pula sunting
- Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
- Garis waktu eksplorasi planet
Catatan sunting
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 2". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-02-23. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-23.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Ranger 6". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Ranger 7". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 5". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 7". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 8". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Ranger 8". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Ranger 9". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 9". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- ^ Spacecraft was in lunar orbit but is assumed to have decayed from orbit and crashed into the moon, location unknown.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 10". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 11". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 12". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Surveyor 1". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Lunar Orbiter 1". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Surveyor 2". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Lunar Orbiter 2". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Lunar Orbiter 3". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- Apollo 12 returned about 10 kg of the Surveyor 3's original landing mass of 302 kg to Earth to study the effects of long term exposure.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Surveyor 3". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Lunar Orbiter 4". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Surveyor 4". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Explorer 35 (IMP-E)". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Lunar Orbiter 5". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Surveyor 5". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Surveyor 6". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Surveyor 7". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 14". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 10 LM(Snoopy) descent stage". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-24.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 15". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 11 LM descent stage". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- ^ The ascent stage of Apollo 10 was commanded to fire its engine, left lunar orbit and entered solar orbit. The ascent stage of Apollo 11 was left in orbit and thereafter its orbit decayed and it crashed onto the moon at an unknown location. The Apollo 16 ascent stage failed to crash onto moon when commanded and it decayed from orbit at a later date and also crashed at an unknown location. The ascent stages of the remaining successful missions (Apollo 12, 14, 15, and 17) were each deliberately crashed onto the moon. Apollo 13's complete Apollo Lunar Module re-entered Earth's atmosphere after having served as a lifeboat during the aborted mission.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 11 LM ascent stage". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 12 LM descent stage". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 12 LM ascent stage". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- ^ Luna program sample return mission; mass listed is for both ascent and descent stages, though only the descent stage was left on the moon.
- . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-07-10. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- Astronautix.com, Apollo 13: The S-IVB/IU impacted the lunar surface at 8:10 p.m. EST on April 14 at a speed of 259 meters per second (incorrect, should probably be 2590 meters/sec), […] 137.1 kilometers from the Apollo 12 seismometer.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 13 S-IVB". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 18". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 19". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-25.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 14 SIVB". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 14 LM descent stage". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 14 LM ascent stage". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 15 SIVB". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 15 LM descent stage". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 15 LM ascent stage". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 15 subsatellite". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-04. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 16 S-IVB". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 16 descent stage". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 16 ascent stage". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 16 Subsatellite". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 17 S-IVB". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 17 descent stage". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Apollo 17 ascent stage". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- Lander and rover weighed 1814 kg; the rest assumed to have decayed in orbit and impacted the moon.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 21/Lunokhod 2". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Explorer 49/RAE-B". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 22". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 23". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Luna 24". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- Was injected into lunar orbit in 1990, assumed to have decayed from orbit.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Hagoromo/Hiten Orbiter". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Hiten". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Lunar Prospector". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-29. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - SMART 1". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- MIP was crash-landed on the Shackleton crater
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Moon Impact Probe / Chandrayaan 1". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-02-11. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "JAXA Press Release (PDF)" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Japanese). JAXA. 2009-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-20.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Okina (Rstar) - Kaguya". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "JAXA 18 February 2009 SELENE status - Okina (Rstar) impact estimate position - (page 3 in Japanese translated with Babelfish)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- ^ . NASA. 2007-01-11. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PPT) tanggal 2016-12-28. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-12. / cf. 2.3t with fuel ("Spacecrafts launched in 2007". Diakses tanggal 2009-04-12.)
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Chang'e 1". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "China People's Daily Online, 2 March 2009 - Chang'e-1 impacts moon (coordinates)". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - Chandrayaan 1". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- . JAXA. 2009-06-11. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-07. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-11.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - KAGUYA (SELENE)". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-10-24. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "Guide to Seeing the LCROSS Lunar Impact". Diakses tanggal 2009-10-27.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "Guide to Seeing the LCROSS Lunar Impact". Diakses tanggal 2009-10-27.
- "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog - LCROSS Centaur". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-01.
- "NASA Probes Prepare for Mission-Ending Moon Impact". Diakses tanggal 2012-12-13.