Kolubrid atau Colubridae (dari bahasa latin, coluber="ular") adalah nama familia ular yang terdiri lebih dari 1000 spesies. Suku kolubrid tersebar luas di setiap benua di dunia, kecuali Antartika.
| Kolubrid | |
|---|---|
| Colubridae | |
| Taksonomi | |
| Kerajaan | Animalia |
| Filum | Chordata |
| Kelas | Reptilia |
| Ordo | Squamata |
| Upaordo | Serpentes |
| Infraordo | Alethinophidia |
| Superfamili | Colubroidea |
| Famili | Colubridae Oppel, 1811 |
Pengenalan sunting
Sebagian besar spesies kolubrid adalah ular-ular yang tidak berbisa. Walau begitu, klasifikasi famili kolubrid juga mencakup jenis-jenis ular berbisa. Akan tetapi, ular-ular berbisa yang termasuk kedalam kolubrid adalah ular berbisa bertaring belakang (rear-fanged) di mana taring bisanya terletak di rahang atas bagian belakang, bukan di depan seperti pada familia Elapidae atau Viperidae. Sebagian besar kolubrid yang berbisa tidak sampai membahayakan manusia, tetapi beberapa spesies seperti Boiga dendrophila (Ular cincin-emas), gigitannya dapat berakibat serius. Bakhan sebagian spesies seperti Dispholidus typus (Boomslang) dan Thelotornis (Ular-ranting Afrika), gigitannya mampu membunuh manusia.
Klasifikasi sunting
Subfamilia Ahaetuliinae Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell, and Lailvaux, 2016 sunting
- Genus Ahaetulla Link, 1807
- Genus Chrysopelea Boie, 1827
- Genus Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890
- Genus Dryophiops Boulenger, 1896
- Genus Proahaetulla Mallik, Achyuthan, Ganesh, Pal, Vijayakumar & Shanker, 2019
Subfamilia Calamariinae (Bonaparte, 1838) sunting
- Genus Calamaria Boie, 1827
- Genus Calamorhabdium Boettger, 1898
- Genus Collorhabdium Smedley, 1931
- Genus Etheridgeum Wallach, 1988
- Genus Macrocalamus Günther, 1864
- Genus Pseudorabdion Jan, 1862
- Genus Rabdion Duméril, 1853
Subfamilia Colubrinae (Oppel, 1811) sunting
- Genus Aeluroglena Boulenger, 1898
- Genus Aprosdoketophis Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010
- Genus Archelaphe Schulz, Böhme & Tillack, 2011
- Genus Argyrogena Werner, 1924
- Genus Arizona Kennicott, 1859
- Genus Bamanophis Schätti & Trape, 2008
- Genus Bogertophis Dowling & Price, 1988
- Genus Boiga Fitzinger, 1826 - Ular kucing
- Genus Cemophora Cope, 1860
- Genus Chapinophis Campbell & Smith, 1998
- Genus Chironius Fitzinger, 1826
- Genus Coelognathus Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus
- Genus Coluber Linnaeus, 1758
- Genus Colubroelaps Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Thien Tao & Quang Truong, 2009
- Genus Conopsis Günther, 1858
- Genus Coronella Laurenti, 1768
- Genus Crotaphopeltis Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Dasypeltis Wagler, 1830 - Ular pemakan-telur Afrika
- Genus Dendrophidion Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Dipsadoboa Günther, 1858
- Genus Dispholidus Fitzsimons & Brain, 1958 - Boomslang
- Genus Dolichophis Gistel, 1868
- Genus Drymarchon Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Drymobius Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Drymoluber Amaral, 1929
- Genus Eirenis Jan, 1862
- Genus Elaphe Fitzinger in Wagler, 1833 - Ular tikus
- Genus Euprepiophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Ficimia Gray, 1849
- Genus Geagras Cope, 1876
- Genus Gonyosoma Wagler, 1828 - Ular bajing
- Genus Gyalopion Cope, 1860
- Genus Hapsidophrys Fischer, 1856
- Genus Hemerophis Schätti & Utiger, 2001
- Genus Hemorrhois Boie, 1826
- Genus Hierophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Lampropeltis Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Leptodrymus Amaral, 1927
- Genus Leptophis Bell, 1825
- Genus Liopeltis Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Lycodon Fitzinger, 1826 - Ular serigala
- Genus Lytorhynchus Peters, 1862
- Genus Macroprotodon Guichenot, 1850
- Genus Masticophis Baird & Girard, 1853
- Genus Mastigodryas Amaral, 1935
- Genus Meizodon Fischer, 1856
- Genus Mopanveldophis Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016
- Genus Muhtarophis Avcı, Ilgaz, Rajabizadeh, Yılmaz, Üzüm, Adriaens, Kumlutaş & Olgun, 2015
- Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 - Ular kukri
- Genus Oocatochus Helfenberger, 2001
- Genus Opheodrys Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Oreocryptophis Utiger, Schätti & Helfenberger, 2005 - Ular-bambu merah
- Genus Orientocoluber Kharin, 2011
- Genus Oxybelis Wagler, 1830
- Genus Palusophis Montingelli, 2019
- Genus Pantherophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Philothamnus Smith, 1840
- Genus Phrynonax Cope, 1862
- Genus Phyllorhynchus Stejneger, 1890
- Genus Pituophis Holbrook, 1842
- Genus Platyceps Blyth, 1860
- Genus Pseudelaphe Mertens & Rosenberg, 1943
- Genus Pseudoficimia Bocourt, 1883
- Genus Ptyas Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus
- Genus Rhamnophis Günther, 1862
- Genus Rhinobothryum Wagler, 1830
- Genus Rhinocheilus Baird & Girard, 1853
- Genus Rhynchocalamus Günther, 1864
- Genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853
- Genus Scaphiophis Peters, 1870
- Genus Scolecophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Senticolis Campbell & Howell, 1965
- Genus Simophis Peters, 1860
- Genus Sonora Baird & Girard, 1843
- Genus Spalerosophis Jan, 1865
- Genus Spilotes Wagler, 1830
- Genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
- Genus Stenorrhina Duméril, 1853
- Genus Stichophanes Wang, Messenger, Zhao & Zhu, 2014
- Genus Symphimus Cope, 1869
- Genus Sympholis Cope, 1861
- Genus Tantilla Baird & Girard, 1853
- Genus Tantillita Smith, 1941
- Genus Telescopus Wagler, 1830
- Genus Thelotornis Smith, 1849
- Genus Thrasops Hallowell, 1857
- Genus Toxicodryas Hallowell, 1857
- Genus Trimorphodon Cope, 1861
- Genus Wallaceophis Mirza, Vyas, Patel, Maheta & Sanap, 2016
- Genus Xenelaphis Günther, 1864
- Genus Xyelodontophis Broadley & Wallach, 2002
- Genus Zamenis Wagler, 1830
Subfamilia Dipsadinae (Bonaparte, 1838) sunting
Subfamilia Grayiinae (Meirte, 1992) sunting
- Genus Grayia Günther, 1858
Subfamilia Natricinae (Bonaparte, 1838) sunting
Subfamilia Pseudoxenodontinae (McDowell, 1987) sunting
Subfamilia Sibynophiinae (Dunn, 1928) sunting
- Genus Scaphiodontophis Taylor & Smith, 1943
- Genus Sibynophis Fitzinger, 1843
Tanpa Subfamilia (incertae sedis) sunting
- Genus Blythia Theobold, 1868
- Genus Elapoidis Boie, 1827
- Genus Gongylosoma Fitzinger, 1843
- Genus Lycognathophis Boulenger, 1893
- Genus Oreocalamus Boulenger, 1899
- Genus Poecilopholis Boulenger, 1903
- Genus Tetralepis Boettger, 1892
Riwayat Taksonomi sunting
Beberapa suku ular lain yang sebelumnya juga termasuk di dalam suku ini, yaitu:
- Homalopsidae - Ular air Indo-Australia
- Lamprophiidae
- Pareatidae atau Pareidae - Ular siput
- Xenodermatidae atau Xenodermidae
Referensi sunting
- "Colubrid". britannica.com. Britannica. Diakses tanggal 2 December 2018.
- Bauer, Aaron M. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G., ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. hlm. 188–195. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- Bruna Azara, C. (1995). "Animales venenosos. Vertebrados terrestres venenosos peligrosos para el ser humano en España" (PDF). Boletín de la S.E.A. 11: 32–40.
- Weinstein, S. A.; Warrell, D. A.; White, J.; Keyler, D. E. (2011). Venomous bites from non-venomous snakes: A critical analysis of risk and management of "colubrid" snake bites. London: Elsevier.
- Oppel, 1811 : Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien, als Prodrom einer Naturgeschichte derselben. J. Lindauer, München (lihat teks)
- Colubridae @ Reptile Database 2015-05-25 di Wayback Machine.
- Colubridae @ Reptile Knowledge