Karpinus Carpinus atau karpinus adalah pohon kayu keras dalam keluarga Betulaceae Sebanyak 30 40 spesies terdapat di seb

Carpinus atau karpinus adalah pohon kayu keras dalam keluarga Betulaceae. Sebanyak 30–40 spesies terdapat di sebagian besar wilayah beriklim sedang di Belahan Bumi Utara.

Karpinus Periode 49.42–0 jtyl PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Ypresian - Recent
Carpinus
European hornbeam foliage
Tumbuhan
Jenis buah	nucule
Taksonomi
Divisi	Tracheophyta
Subdivisi	Spermatophytes
Klad	Angiospermae
Klad	mesangiosperms
Klad	eudicots
Klad	core eudicots
Klad	Superrosidae
Klad	rosids
Klad	fabids
Ordo	Fagales
Famili	Betulaceae
Subfamili	Coryloideae
Genus	Carpinus Linnaeus, 1753
Tipe taksonomi	Carpinus betulus

Tata nama
Sinonim takson	Distegocarpus Siebold & Zucc
l b s

Referensi sunting

^ "Carpinus L., Sp. Pl.: 998 (1753)". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Pigg, K.B.; Manchester, S.R.; Wehr, W.C. (2003). "Corylus, Carpinus, and Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (5): 807–822. doi:10.1086/376816.
Forest, F.; Savolainen, V.; Chase, M. W.; Lupia, R.; Bruneau, A.; Crane, P. R. (2005). "Teasing apart molecular- versus fossil-based error estimates when dating phylogenetic trees: a case study in the birch family (Betulaceae)". Systematic Botany. 30 (1): 118–133. doi:10.1600/0363644053661850.
Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (edisi ke-Third). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707725.
Cutler, Tony. The world encyclopedia of trees : a reference and identification guide to 1300 of the world's most significant trees. Lorenz Books, [London, England?]. ISBN 0754834751.
"Hornbeam, American (Musclewood) | Nebraska Forest Service". nfs.unl.edu.
The complete encyclopedia of trees of the world : the ultimate reference and identification guide to more than 1300 of the most spectacular, best-loved and unusual trees around the globe, with 3000 specially commissioned illustrations, maps and photographs. ISBN 1015282601.
Flora of China, Vol. 4 Page 289, 鹅耳枥属 e er li shu, Carpinus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753.
Flora of North America, Vol. 3, Hornbeam, Carpinus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 432, 1754.
"Carpinus betulus L". Altervista Flora Italiana.
"2013 BONAP North American Plant Atlas. TaxonMaps". Biota of North America Program.
Carpinus betulus. 2.nd Ed., The Royal Horticultural Society, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, London, pp. 234, 235.
Miscellaneous Publication. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1972. hlm. 297.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the : Eichhorn, Markus; Haran, Brady (2011-12-01). "The Hornbeam's Heartbeat". test-tube.org.uk. University of Nottingham. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-30.

[kewchecklist-1] "Carpinus L., Sp. Pl.: 998 (1753)". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

[Pigg2003-2] Pigg, K.B.; Manchester, S.R.; Wehr, W.C. (2003). "Corylus, Carpinus, and Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (5): 807–822. doi:10.1086/376816.

[Forest2005-3] Forest, F.; Savolainen, V.; Chase, M. W.; Lupia, R.; Bruneau, A.; Crane, P. R. (2005). "Teasing apart molecular- versus fossil-based error estimates when dating phylogenetic trees: a case study in the birch family (Betulaceae)". Systematic Botany. 30 (1): 118–133. doi:10.1600/0363644053661850.

[Stace-4] Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (edisi ke-Third). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707725.

[5] Cutler, Tony. The world encyclopedia of trees : a reference and identification guide to 1300 of the world's most significant trees. Lorenz Books, [London, England?]. ISBN 0754834751.

[6] "Hornbeam, American (Musclewood) | Nebraska Forest Service". nfs.unl.edu.

[7] The complete encyclopedia of trees of the world : the ultimate reference and identification guide to more than 1300 of the most spectacular, best-loved and unusual trees around the globe, with 3000 specially commissioned illustrations, maps and photographs. ISBN 1015282601.

[8] Flora of China, Vol. 4 Page 289, 鹅耳枥属 e er li shu, Carpinus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753.

[9] Flora of North America, Vol. 3, Hornbeam, Carpinus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 432, 1754.

[10] "Carpinus betulus L". Altervista Flora Italiana.

[11] "2013 BONAP North American Plant Atlas. TaxonMaps". Biota of North America Program.

[GardenPlants-12] Carpinus betulus. 2.nd Ed., The Royal Horticultural Society, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, London, pp. 234, 235.

[MP-13] Miscellaneous Publication. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1972. hlm. 297.

[nottingham_science-14] Archived at Ghostarchive and the : Eichhorn, Markus; Haran, Brady (2011-12-01). "The Hornbeam's Heartbeat". test-tube.org.uk. University of Nottingham. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-30.