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Avro Vulcan Hawker Siddeley Vulcan adalah pesawat pembom strategis yang digunakan oleh Royal Air Force pada tahun 1953 1

Avro Vulcan

Avro Vulcan (Hawker Siddeley Vulcan) adalah pesawat pembom strategis yang digunakan oleh Royal Air Force pada tahun 1953-1984. Bersama Handley Victor dan Vickers Valiant, pesawat ini adalah bagian dari trio "V-Bom". Avro Vulcan adalah jet pembom strategis sayap delta yang dioperasikan oleh Royal Air Force (RAF) dari tahun 1956 sampai 1984. Beberapa pesawat seperti Avro 707 diproduksi untuk perbaikan desain prinsip sayap delta.

Avro Vulcan
Vulcan B.2 XL426 as part of the RAF Vulcan Display Flight, 1985
Jenis Pengebom Strategis
Negara asal Britania Raya
Pembuat Avro
Hawker Siddeley Aviation
Penerbangan perdana 30 Agustus 1952
Pengenalan September 1956
Dipensiunkan Maret 1984 (Royal Air Force)
Oktober 2015 (XH558)
Status Pensiun
Pengguna utama Royal Air Force
Dibuat 1956–1965
Jumlah 136 (Termasuk Prototipe)
Harga satuan £750,000 (1956)
Varian Avro Atlantic

Pesawat produsen AV Roe dan Perusahaan ( Avro ) merancang Vulcan dalam menanggapi Spesifikasi B.35/46. Dari tiga pembom V yang diproduksi, Vulcan dianggap sebagai pilihan yang paling berisiko.

Bomber strategis ini pertama kali terbang pada bulan Mei 1960 dan telah dibuat sebanyak 136 unit untuk semua seri Vulcan dan termasuk prototipe. Khusus untuk Vulcan seri ini (XH558) tidak dioperasikan lagi oleh militer Inggris sejak tahun 1993, kini hanya tinggal Vulcan untuk keperluan sipil yang dioperasikan oleh Vulcan To The Sky Trust.

Sampai akhir tahun 2013, Vulcan XH558 tidak akan terbang lagi, seperti yang dikatakan oleh CEO Vulcan To The Sky Trust Dr Robert Pleming. Hal itu karena besarnya biaya modifikasi sayap yang sebesar 200 ribu poundsterling dan meningkatnya kemungkinan kerusakan mesin, Pleming mengatakan bahwa mesin pengganti sulit untuk ditemukan.

Referensi sunting

  1. Brookes and Davey 2009, p. 9.
  • Austin, Steve. "Workhorse (V-Bombers: Test-bed Vulcan)." FlyPast, No. 335, June 2009, pp. 108–113.
  • Baxter, Alan. Olympus: The First Forty Years. Derby, UK: Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust, 1990. ISBN 978-0-9511710-9-7.
  • Blackman, Tony. Vulcan Test Pilot: My Experiences in the Cockpit of a Cold War Icon. London: Grub Street, 2007. ISBN 978-1-904943-88-4.
  • Braybrook, Roy. Battle for the Falklands: Air Forces.[pranala nonaktif permanen] Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1982. ISBN 0-85045-493-X.
  • Brookes, Andrew and Chris Davey. Vulcan Units of The Cold War (Osprey Combat Aircraft: 72).[pranala nonaktif permanen] Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-84603-297-4.
  • Bull, Stephen. Encyclopedia of Military Technology And Innovation. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004. ISBN 978-1-57356-557-8.
  • Buttler, Tony. "Avro Type 698 Vulcan (Database)." Aeroplane, Vol. 35, No. 4, Issue No. 408, April 2007.
  • Buttler, Tony. British Secret Projects: Jet Bombers Since 1949. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland, 2003. ISBN 1-85780-130-X.
  • Buttler, Tony. "Vital Bombers: Origins of the RAF's 'V-Bomber' Force". Air Enthusiast, No. 79, January/February 1999, pp. 28–41. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Darling Kev. Avro Vulcan. North Branch, USA: Speciality Press, 1999. ISBN 1-58007-023-X.
  • Darling, Kev. Avro Vulcan, Part One (RAF Illustrated). Vale of Glamorgan Wales, UK: Big Bird Aviation Publication, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84799-237-6.
  • Dawson, T.W.G., G.F. Kitchen and G.B. Glider. Measurements of the Radar Echoing Area of the Vulcan by the Optical Simulation Method. Farnborough, Hants, UK: Royal Aircraft Establishment, September 1957 National Archive Catologue file, AVIA 6/20895
  • Fildes, David. "Buck Rogers in the 20th Century: The Origins of the Vulcan." Aeroplane, Vol. 36, No. 3, Issue No. 419, March 2008.
  • Frawley, Gerard. The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002-2003. Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 2002. ISBN 1-875671-55-2.
  • Gallop, Alan. Time Flies: Heathrow At 60. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2005. ISBN 0-7509-3840-4.
  • Gunston, Bill. "The V-bombers: Avro Vulcan - Part 3". Aeroplane Monthly, Vol. 8, No. 12, December 1980, pp. 620–626. ISSN 0143-7240.
  • Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore. Avro Vulcan: The History and Development of a Classic Jet. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Aviation, 2006. ISBN 1-84415-426-2.
  • Hamilton-Paterson, James. Empire of the Clouds: When Britain's Aircraft Ruled the World. London: Faber & Faber, 2010. ISBN 978-0-571-24794-3.
  • Hearn, Chester G. Carriers in Combat: The Air War at Sea. London: Stackpole Books, 2007. ISBN 0-8117-3398-X.
  • Jackson, A. J. Avro Aircraft Since 1908, 2nd Edition. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-834-8.
  • Jackson, Paul. "Vulcan: Delta Force". Wings of Fame, Volume 3. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1996. pp. 34–95. ISBN 1-874023-70-0. ISSN 1361-2034.
  • Jackson, Robert. Combat Aircraft Prototypes since 1945. New York: Arco/Prentice Hall Press, 1986. ISBN 0-671-61953-5.
  • Jefford, Wing Commander C.G. MBE,BA,RAF (Ret'd). RAF Squadrons:, A Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
  • Jenkins, Dennis R. B-1 Lancer: The Most Complicated Warplane Ever Developed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. ISBN 0-07-134694-5.
  • Jones, Barry. V-Bombers: Valiant, Victor and Vulcan. Ramsbury, UK: The Crowood Press, Paperback edition, 2007. ISBN 978-1-86126-945-4.
  • Jones, Barry. "Black Buck - The Swansong." Aeroplane, Vol. 35, No. 4, Issue No. 408, April 2007.
  • Kingsley, Simon and Shaun Quegan. Understanding Radar Systems. Raleigh, North Carolina: SciTech Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-891121-05-7.
  • Lake, Alan. Flying Units of the RAF: The Ancestry, Formation and Disbandment of all Flying Units since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
  • Laming, Tim. The Vulcan Story: 1952-2002, Second Edition. Enderby, Leicester, UK: Silverdale Books, 2002. ISBN 1-85605-701-1.
  • Leitch, Andy. "V Force Arsenal: Weapons for the Valiant, Victor and Vulcan". Air Enthusiast, No. 107, September/October 2003, pp. 52–59. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Polmar, Norman and Dana Bell. One Hundred Years of World Military Aircraft. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2004. ISBN 1-59114-686-0.
  • Price, Alfred, Tony Blackman and Andrew Edmondson. Avro Vulcan Manual: An Insight into Owning, Restoring, Servicing and Flying Britain's Legendary Cold War Bomber (Owner's Workshop Manual). Sparkford, Somerset, UK: Haynes, 2010. ISBN 1-84425-831-9.
  • Richardson, Doug. Stealth Warplanes. North Branch, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1051-3.
  • Seddon, J. and E. L. Goldsmith. Intake Aerodynamics (Aiaa Education Series). Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. ISBN 1-56347-361-5.
  • Segell, Glen. Wither or dither: British Aerospace Collaborative Procurement with Europe. London: Glen Segell Publishers, 1997. ISBN 1-901414-03-5.
  • Stephens, Alan. Power Plus Attitude: Ideas, Strategy and Doctrine in the Royal Australian Air Force, 1921-1991. Canberra, Australia: AGPS Press, 1992. ISBN 0-644-24388-0.
  • Vulcan B.Mk.1A Pilot's Notes (AP 4505C–PN). London: Air Ministry, 1961.
  • Vulcan B.Mk.2 Aircrew Manual (AP101B-1902-15). London: Air Ministry, 1984.
  • Wansbrough-White, Gordon. Names With Wings: The Names & Naming Systems of Aircraft & Engines Flown by the British Armed Forces 1878-1984. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd, 1995. ISBN 1-85310-491-4.
  • White, Rowland. Vulcan 607: The Epic Story of the Most Remarkable British Air Attack since WWII. London: Bantam Press, 2006. ISBN 0-593-05391-5.
  • Willis, David. "Avro Vulcan survivors." Aeroplane, Vol. 35, No. 4, Issue No. 408, April 2007.
  • Wilson, Stewart. Lincoln, Canberra & F-111 in Australian service. Weston Creek, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 1989. ISBN 0-9587978-3-8.
  • Wynn, Humphrey. RAF Strategic Nuclear Deterrent Forces: Origins, Roles and Deployment 1946-1969. London: The Stationery Office, 1997. ISBN 0-11-772833-0.

Bacaan sunting

  • Arnold, Lorna. Britain And The H-Bomb. Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. ISBN 0-333-94742-8.
  • Bullman, Craig. The Vulcan B.Mk2 From a Different Angle. Bishop Auckland, UK: Pentland Press Ltd, 2001. ISBN 978-1-85821-899-1.
  • Chesnau, Roger and Ray Rimell. Avro Vulcan B Mk 2 (Aeroguide 29). Ringshall, Suffolk, UK: Ad Hoc Publications, 2003. ISBN 0-946958-39-4.
  • Dodds, Colin. "Flying the Tin Triangle." Aeroplane, Vol. 35, No. 4, Issue No. 408, April 2007.
  • Holmes, Harry. Avro: The History of an Aircraft Company. Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press, 2004. ISBN 1-86126-651-0.
  • McLelland, Tim. The Avro Vulcan: A Complete History. Manchester, UK: Crécy Publishing Limited, 2007. ISBN 978-0-85979-127-4.

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Avro Vulcan Hawker Siddeley Vulcan adalah pesawat pembom strategis yang digunakan oleh Royal Air Force pada tahun 1953 1984 Bersama Handley Victor dan Vickers Valiant pesawat ini adalah bagian dari trio V Bom Avro Vulcan adalah jet pembom strategis sayap delta yang dioperasikan oleh Royal Air Force RAF dari tahun 1956 sampai 1984 Beberapa pesawat seperti Avro 707 diproduksi untuk perbaikan desain prinsip sayap delta Avro VulcanVulcan B 2 XL426 as part of the RAF Vulcan Display Flight 1985Jenis Pengebom StrategisNegara asal Britania RayaPembuat AvroHawker Siddeley AviationPenerbangan perdana 30 Agustus 1952Pengenalan September 1956Dipensiunkan Maret 1984 Royal Air Force Oktober 2015 XH558 Status PensiunPengguna utama Royal Air ForceDibuat 1956 1965Jumlah 136 Termasuk Prototipe Harga satuan 750 000 1956 1 Varian Avro AtlanticPesawat produsen AV Roe dan Perusahaan Avro merancang Vulcan dalam menanggapi Spesifikasi B 35 46 Dari tiga pembom V yang diproduksi Vulcan dianggap sebagai pilihan yang paling berisiko Bomber strategis ini pertama kali terbang pada bulan Mei 1960 dan telah dibuat sebanyak 136 unit untuk semua seri Vulcan dan termasuk prototipe Khusus untuk Vulcan seri ini XH558 tidak dioperasikan lagi oleh militer Inggris sejak tahun 1993 kini hanya tinggal Vulcan untuk keperluan sipil yang dioperasikan oleh Vulcan To The Sky Trust Sampai akhir tahun 2013 Vulcan XH558 tidak akan terbang lagi seperti yang dikatakan oleh CEO Vulcan To The Sky Trust Dr Robert Pleming Hal itu karena besarnya biaya modifikasi sayap yang sebesar 200 ribu poundsterling dan meningkatnya kemungkinan kerusakan mesin Pleming mengatakan bahwa mesin pengganti sulit untuk ditemukan Referensi sunting Brookes and Davey 2009 p 9 Austin Steve Workhorse V Bombers Test bed Vulcan FlyPast No 335 June 2009 pp 108 113 Baxter Alan Olympus The First Forty Years Derby UK Rolls Royce Heritage Trust 1990 ISBN 978 0 9511710 9 7 Blackman Tony Vulcan Test Pilot My Experiences in the Cockpit of a Cold War Icon London Grub Street 2007 ISBN 978 1 904943 88 4 Braybrook Roy Battle for the Falklands Air Forces pranala nonaktif permanen Oxford UK Osprey Publishing 1982 ISBN 0 85045 493 X Brookes Andrew and Chris Davey Vulcan Units of The Cold War Osprey Combat Aircraft 72 pranala nonaktif permanen Oxford UK Osprey Publishing 2009 ISBN 978 1 84603 297 4 Bull Stephen Encyclopedia of Military Technology And Innovation Santa Barbara California Greenwood Publishing Group 2004 ISBN 978 1 57356 557 8 Buttler Tony Avro Type 698 Vulcan Database Aeroplane Vol 35 No 4 Issue No 408 April 2007 Buttler Tony British Secret Projects Jet Bombers Since 1949 Hinckley Leicestershire UK Midland 2003 ISBN 1 85780 130 X Buttler Tony Vital Bombers Origins of the RAF s V Bomber Force Air Enthusiast No 79 January February 1999 pp 28 41 ISSN 0143 5450 Darling Kev Avro Vulcan North Branch USA Speciality Press 1999 ISBN 1 58007 023 X Darling Kev Avro Vulcan Part One RAF Illustrated Vale of Glamorgan Wales UK Big Bird Aviation Publication 2007 ISBN 978 1 84799 237 6 Dawson T W G G F Kitchen and G B Glider Measurements of the Radar Echoing Area of the Vulcan by the Optical Simulation Method Farnborough Hants UK Royal Aircraft Establishment September 1957 National Archive Catologue file AVIA 6 20895 Fildes David Buck Rogers in the 20th Century The Origins of the Vulcan Aeroplane Vol 36 No 3 Issue No 419 March 2008 Frawley Gerard The International Directory of Military Aircraft 2002 2003 Fyshwick ACT Australia Aerospace Publications 2002 ISBN 1 875671 55 2 Gallop Alan Time Flies Heathrow At 60 Stroud UK Sutton Publishing 2005 ISBN 0 7509 3840 4 Gunston Bill The V bombers Avro Vulcan Part 3 Aeroplane Monthly Vol 8 No 12 December 1980 pp 620 626 ISSN 0143 7240 Halpenny Bruce Barrymore Avro Vulcan The History and Development of a Classic Jet Barnsley South Yorkshire UK Pen amp Sword Aviation 2006 ISBN 1 84415 426 2 Hamilton Paterson James Empire of the Clouds When Britain s Aircraft Ruled the World London Faber amp Faber 2010 ISBN 978 0 571 24794 3 Hearn Chester G Carriers in Combat The Air War at Sea London Stackpole Books 2007 ISBN 0 8117 3398 X Jackson A J Avro Aircraft Since 1908 2nd Edition London Putnam Aeronautical Books 1990 ISBN 0 85177 834 8 Jackson Paul Vulcan Delta Force Wings of Fame Volume 3 London Aerospace Publishing 1996 pp 34 95 ISBN 1 874023 70 0 ISSN 1361 2034 Jackson Robert Combat Aircraft Prototypes since 1945 New York Arco Prentice Hall Press 1986 ISBN 0 671 61953 5 Jefford Wing Commander C G MBE BA RAF Ret d RAF Squadrons A Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912 Shrewsbury Shropshire UK Airlife Publishing 2001 ISBN 1 84037 141 2 Jenkins Dennis R B 1 Lancer The Most Complicated Warplane Ever Developed New York McGraw Hill 1999 ISBN 0 07 134694 5 Jones Barry V Bombers Valiant Victor and Vulcan Ramsbury UK The Crowood Press Paperback edition 2007 ISBN 978 1 86126 945 4 Jones Barry Black Buck The Swansong Aeroplane Vol 35 No 4 Issue No 408 April 2007 Kingsley Simon and Shaun Quegan Understanding Radar Systems Raleigh North Carolina SciTech Publishing 1999 ISBN 1 891121 05 7 Lake Alan Flying Units of the RAF The Ancestry Formation and Disbandment of all Flying Units since 1912 Shrewsbury Shropshire UK Airlife Publishing 1999 ISBN 1 84037 086 6 Laming Tim The Vulcan Story 1952 2002 Second Edition Enderby Leicester UK Silverdale Books 2002 ISBN 1 85605 701 1 Leitch Andy V Force Arsenal Weapons for the Valiant Victor and Vulcan Air Enthusiast No 107 September October 2003 pp 52 59 ISSN 0143 5450 Polmar Norman and Dana Bell One Hundred Years of World Military Aircraft Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press 2004 ISBN 1 59114 686 0 Price Alfred Tony Blackman and Andrew Edmondson Avro Vulcan Manual An Insight into Owning Restoring Servicing and Flying Britain s Legendary Cold War Bomber Owner s Workshop Manual Sparkford Somerset UK Haynes 2010 ISBN 1 84425 831 9 Richardson Doug Stealth Warplanes North Branch Minnesota Zenith Imprint 2001 ISBN 0 7603 1051 3 Seddon J and E L Goldsmith Intake Aerodynamics Aiaa Education Series Reston Virginia American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1999 ISBN 1 56347 361 5 Segell Glen Wither or dither British Aerospace Collaborative Procurement with Europe London Glen Segell Publishers 1997 ISBN 1 901414 03 5 Stephens Alan Power Plus Attitude Ideas Strategy and Doctrine in the Royal Australian Air Force 1921 1991 Canberra Australia AGPS Press 1992 ISBN 0 644 24388 0 Vulcan B Mk 1A Pilot s Notes AP 4505C PN London Air Ministry 1961 Vulcan B Mk 2 Aircrew Manual AP101B 1902 15 London Air Ministry 1984 Wansbrough White Gordon Names With Wings The Names amp Naming Systems of Aircraft amp Engines Flown by the British Armed Forces 1878 1984 Shrewsbury UK Airlife Publishing Ltd 1995 ISBN 1 85310 491 4 White Rowland Vulcan 607 The Epic Story of the Most Remarkable British Air Attack since WWII London Bantam Press 2006 ISBN 0 593 05391 5 Willis David Avro Vulcan survivors Aeroplane Vol 35 No 4 Issue No 408 April 2007 Wilson Stewart Lincoln Canberra amp F 111 in Australian service Weston Creek Australia Aerospace Publications 1989 ISBN 0 9587978 3 8 Wynn Humphrey RAF Strategic Nuclear Deterrent Forces Origins Roles and Deployment 1946 1969 London The Stationery Office 1997 ISBN 0 11 772833 0 Bacaan suntingArnold Lorna Britain And The H Bomb Basingstoke Hampshire UK Palgrave Macmillan 2001 ISBN 0 333 94742 8 Bullman Craig The Vulcan B Mk2 From a Different Angle Bishop Auckland UK Pentland Press Ltd 2001 ISBN 978 1 85821 899 1 Chesnau Roger and Ray Rimell Avro Vulcan B Mk 2 Aeroguide 29 Ringshall Suffolk UK Ad Hoc Publications 2003 ISBN 0 946958 39 4 Dodds Colin Flying the Tin Triangle Aeroplane Vol 35 No 4 Issue No 408 April 2007 Holmes Harry Avro The History of an Aircraft Company Wiltshire UK Crowood Press 2004 ISBN 1 86126 651 0 McLelland Tim The Avro Vulcan A Complete History Manchester UK Crecy Publishing Limited 2007 ISBN 978 0 85979 127 4 Pranala luar sunting nbsp Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Avro Vulcan Avro Vulcan Bomber Tribute Page Vulcan to the Sky Diarsipkan 2011 11 02 di Wayback Machine Vulcans in Camera Vulcan history Vulcan Restoration Trust Video of Roland Falk rolling a Vulcan at Farnborough in 1955 Vulcan Test Pilot Roly Falk history Building the Vulcan a 1957 Flight article the Vulcan Story Flight article of 1958 The Virtues of the Avro Vulcan a 1954 AVRO advertisement for the Vulcan in Flight magazine A radar signature scale model of the Vulcan used for testing radar echo visibility Diarsipkan 2013 10 03 di Wayback Machine nbsp Artikel bertopik pesawat terbang dan penerbangan ini adalah sebuah rintisan Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya lbs Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Avro Vulcan amp oldid 23151744