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Anti Katolik adalah penentangan atau permusuhan terhadap Gereja Katolik terhadap para klerus dan pengikutnya 1 Pembakara

Anti-Katolik

Anti-Katolik adalah penentangan atau permusuhan terhadap Gereja Katolik, terhadap para klerus dan pengikutnya.

Pembakaran Gereja St. Augustine selama kerusuhan nativis Philadelphia pada tahun 1844

Setelah Reformasi Protestan dan setidaknya sampai akhir abad ke-20, sebagian besar negara Protestan (terutama Inggris, Jerman, Amerika Serikat, dan Kanada) menjadikan anti-Katolik dan oposisi terhadap Paus dan ritual-ritual Katolik sebagai tema utama politik, dengan adanya sentimen anti-Katolik yang kadang-kadang mengarah ke kekerasan dan diskriminasi agama terhadap individu-individu Katolik (di negara-negara Protestan berbahasa Inggris dengan nada merendahkan menyebutnya "papis" atau "Romanis"). Secara historis, umat Katolik di negara-negara Protestan sering kali (dan hampir selalu tanpa alasan) dicurigai bersekongkol melawan negara untuk kepentingan kepausan atau untuk mendirikan hegemoni politik di bawah pimpinan "Kepausan", dengan terkadang adanya pertanyaan dari umat Protestan mengenai loyalitas individu-individu Katolik kepada negara dan kecurigaan bahwa umat Katolik lebih mempertahankan loyalitas kepada Vatikan daripada mempertahankan loyalitas kepada negara tempat mereka berdomisili. Di sebagian besar negara Protestan dengan imigrasi skala besar, seperti Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan Australia, kecurigaan atau diskriminasi terhadap imigran Katolik sering tumpang tindih atau bercampur aduk dengan nativisme, xenophobia, dan sentimen etnosentris atau rasis (yaitu anti-Italianisme, sentimen anti-Irlandia, Hispanofobia, sentimen anti-Quebec, sentimen anti-Polandia).

Pada periode modern awal, dalam menghadapi meningkatnya kekuatan sekuler di Eropa, Gereja Katolik berjuang untuk mempertahankan peran politis dan religius tradisionalnya di negara-negara mayoritas Katolik. Sebagai akibat dari perjuangan ini, di beberapa negara mayoritas Katolik (terutama di antara individu-individu dengan pandangan politis sekuler tertentu) timbul sikap bermusuhan terhadap kekuatan politis, sosial, spiritual, dan religius yang cukup besar dari Paus maupun kaum klerus dalam bentuk anti-klerikalisme.

Catatan Sunting

  1. anti-catholicism. Dictionary.com. WordNet 3.0. Princeton University. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/anti-catholicism (accessed: November 13, 2008).

Bacaan lebih lanjut Sunting

  • Anbinder; Tyler Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s 1992; in U.s.
  • Bennett; David H. The Party of Fear: From Nativist Movements to the New Right in American History University of North Carolina Press, 1988
  • Billingon, Ray. The Protestant Crusade, 1830–1860 (1938), on Know Nothings and related groups in US; online
  • Blanshard; Paul.American Freedom and Catholic Power Beacon Press, 1949; famous attack on Catholicism
  • Brown, Thomas M. "The Image of the Beast: Anti-Papal Rhetoric in Colonial America", in Richard O. Curry and Thomas M. Brown, eds., Conspiracy: The Fear of Subversion in American History (1972), 1-20.
  • Bruce, Steve. No Pope of Rome: Anti-Catholicism in Modern Scotland (Edinburgh, 1985).
  • Clifton, Robin. "Popular Fear of Catholics during the English Revolution", Past and Present, 52 (1971), 23-55. in JSTOR
  • Cogliano; Francis D. No King, No Popery: Anti-Catholicism in Revolutionary New England Greenwood Press, 1995
  • Davis, David Brion (1960). "Some Themes of Counter-subversion: An Analysis of Anti-Masonic, Anti-Catholic and Anti-Mormon Literature". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 47: 205–224. JSTOR 1891707. 
  • * Drury, Marjule Anne (2001). "Anti-Catholicism in Germany, Britain, and the United States: A review and critique of recent scholarship". Church History. 70 (1): 98–131. 
  • Franklin, James (2006), "Freemasonry in Europe", Catholic Values and Australian Realities, Connor Court Publishing Pty Ltd, hlm. 7–10, ISBN 9780975801543 
  • Greeley, Andrew M. An Ugly Little Secret: Anti-Catholicism in North America 1977.
  • Henry, David. "Senator John F. Kennedy Encounters the Religious Question: I Am Not the Catholic Candidate for President." in Contemporary American Public Discourse Ed. H. R. Ryan. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc., 1992. 177-193.
  • Higham; John. Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925 1955
  • Hinckley, Ted C (1962). "American Anti-Catholicism During the Mexican War". Pacific Historical Review. 31 (2): 121–137. JSTOR 3636570. 
  • Hostetler; Michael J. "Gov. Al Smith Confronts the Catholic Question: The Rhetorical Legacy of the 1928 Campaign," Communication Quarterly (1998) 46#1 pp 12+.
  • Jenkins, Philip. The New Anti-Catholicism: The Last Acceptable Prejudice (Oxford University Press, New ed. 2004). ISBN 978-0-19-517604-9
  • Jensen, Richard. The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896 (1971)
  • Jensen, Richard. "'No Irish Need Apply': A Myth of Victimization," Journal of Social History 36.2 (2002) 405-429 2005-02-08 di Wayback Machine., with illustrations
  • Joskowicz, Ari. The Modernity of Others: Jewish Anti-Catholicism in Germany and France (Stanford University Press; 2013) 376 pages; how Jewish intellectuals defined themselves as modern against the anti-modern positions of the Catholic church
  • Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Christianity in a Revolutionary Age (5 vol 1969), covers 1790s to 1960; comprehensive global history
  • Keating, Karl. Catholicism and Fundamentalism—The Attack on "Romanism" by "Bible Christians" (Ignatius Press, 1988). ISBN 978-0-89870-177-7
  • Kenny; Stephen (2002). "Prejudice That Rarely Utters Its Name: A Historiographical and Historical Reflection upon North American Anti-Catholicism". American Review of Canadian Studies. 32 (4): 639. 
  • McGreevy, John T (1997). "Thinking on One's Own: Catholicism in the American Intellectual Imagination, 1928–1960". The Journal of American History. 84: 97–131. JSTOR 2952736. 
  • Miller, J.R. (1985). "Anti-Catholic Thought in Victorian Canada". Canadian Historical Review. 65 (4): 474. 
  • Moore; Edmund A. A Catholic Runs for President (1956) on Al Smith in 1928
  • Moore; Leonard J. Citizen Klansmen: The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921–1928 University of North Carolina Press, 1991
  • Norman, E. R. Anti-Catholicism in Victorian England (1968).
  • Paz, D. G. "Popular Anti-Catholicism in England, 1850–1851", Albion 11 (1979), 331-359. in JSTOR
  • Stark, Rodney (2016). Bearing False Witness: Debunking Centuries of Anti-Catholic History. Templeton Press. ISBN 1599474999. 
  • Thiemann, Ronald F. Religion in Public Life Georgetown University Press, 1996.
  • Verhoeven Timothy. Transatlantic Anti-Catholicism: France and the United States in the Nineteenth Century (Palgrave MacMillan, 2010) excerpt and text search
  • Wiener, Carol Z (1971). "The Beleaguered Isle. A Study of Elizabethan and Early Jacobean Anti-Catholicism". Past and Present. 51: 27–62. 
  • Wolffe, John (2013). "North Atlantic Anti-Catholicism in the Nineteenth Century: A Comparative Overview". European Studies: A Journal of European Culture, History and Politics. 31 (1): 25–41. 
  • Wolffe, John, ed., Protestant-Catholic Conflict from the Reformation to the Twenty-first Century (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013). Table of contents
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Tanggal penerbitan:
Anti Katolik adalah penentangan atau permusuhan terhadap Gereja Katolik terhadap para klerus dan pengikutnya 1 Pembakaran Gereja St Augustine selama kerusuhan nativis Philadelphia pada tahun 1844Setelah Reformasi Protestan dan setidaknya sampai akhir abad ke 20 sebagian besar negara Protestan terutama Inggris Jerman Amerika Serikat dan Kanada menjadikan anti Katolik dan oposisi terhadap Paus dan ritual ritual Katolik sebagai tema utama politik dengan adanya sentimen anti Katolik yang kadang kadang mengarah ke kekerasan dan diskriminasi agama terhadap individu individu Katolik di negara negara Protestan berbahasa Inggris dengan nada merendahkan menyebutnya papis atau Romanis Secara historis umat Katolik di negara negara Protestan sering kali dan hampir selalu tanpa alasan dicurigai bersekongkol melawan negara untuk kepentingan kepausan atau untuk mendirikan hegemoni politik di bawah pimpinan Kepausan dengan terkadang adanya pertanyaan dari umat Protestan mengenai loyalitas individu individu Katolik kepada negara dan kecurigaan bahwa umat Katolik lebih mempertahankan loyalitas kepada Vatikan daripada mempertahankan loyalitas kepada negara tempat mereka berdomisili Di sebagian besar negara Protestan dengan imigrasi skala besar seperti Amerika Serikat Kanada dan Australia kecurigaan atau diskriminasi terhadap imigran Katolik sering tumpang tindih atau bercampur aduk dengan nativisme xenophobia dan sentimen etnosentris atau rasis yaitu anti Italianisme sentimen anti Irlandia Hispanofobia sentimen anti Quebec sentimen anti Polandia Pada periode modern awal dalam menghadapi meningkatnya kekuatan sekuler di Eropa Gereja Katolik berjuang untuk mempertahankan peran politis dan religius tradisionalnya di negara negara mayoritas Katolik Sebagai akibat dari perjuangan ini di beberapa negara mayoritas Katolik terutama di antara individu individu dengan pandangan politis sekuler tertentu timbul sikap bermusuhan terhadap kekuatan politis sosial spiritual dan religius yang cukup besar dari Paus maupun kaum klerus dalam bentuk anti klerikalisme Catatan Sunting anti catholicism Dictionary com WordNet 3 0 Princeton University http dictionary reference com browse anti catholicism accessed November 13 2008 Bacaan lebih lanjut SuntingAnbinder Tyler Nativism and Slavery The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s 1992 in U s Bennett David H The Party of Fear From Nativist Movements to the New Right in American History University of North Carolina Press 1988 Billingon Ray The Protestant Crusade 1830 1860 1938 on Know Nothings and related groups in US online Blanshard Paul American Freedom and Catholic Power Beacon Press 1949 famous attack on Catholicism Brown Thomas M The Image of the Beast Anti Papal Rhetoric in Colonial America in Richard O Curry and Thomas M Brown eds Conspiracy The Fear of Subversion in American History 1972 1 20 Bruce Steve No Pope of Rome Anti Catholicism in Modern Scotland Edinburgh 1985 Clifton Robin Popular Fear of Catholics during the English Revolution Past and Present 52 1971 23 55 in JSTOR Cogliano Francis D No King No Popery Anti Catholicism in Revolutionary New England Greenwood Press 1995 Davis David Brion 1960 Some Themes of Counter subversion An Analysis of Anti Masonic Anti Catholic and Anti Mormon Literature Mississippi Valley Historical Review 47 205 224 JSTOR 1891707 Drury Marjule Anne 2001 Anti Catholicism in Germany Britain and the United States A review and critique of recent scholarship Church History 70 1 98 131 Franklin James 2006 Freemasonry in Europe Catholic Values and Australian Realities Connor Court Publishing Pty Ltd hlm 7 10 ISBN 9780975801543 Greeley Andrew M An Ugly Little Secret Anti Catholicism in North America 1977 Henry David Senator John F Kennedy Encounters the Religious Question I Am Not the Catholic Candidate for President in Contemporary American Public Discourse Ed H R Ryan Prospect Heights IL Waveland Press Inc 1992 177 193 Higham John Strangers in the Land Patterns of American Nativism 1860 1925 1955 Hinckley Ted C 1962 American Anti Catholicism During the Mexican War Pacific Historical Review 31 2 121 137 JSTOR 3636570 Hostetler Michael J Gov Al Smith Confronts the Catholic Question The Rhetorical Legacy of the 1928 Campaign Communication Quarterly 1998 46 1 pp 12 Jenkins Philip The New Anti Catholicism The Last Acceptable Prejudice Oxford University Press New ed 2004 ISBN 978 0 19 517604 9 Jensen Richard The Winning of the Midwest Social and Political Conflict 1888 1896 1971 Jensen Richard No Irish Need Apply A Myth of Victimization Journal of Social History 36 2 2002 405 429 Diarsipkan 2005 02 08 di Wayback Machine with illustrations Joskowicz Ari The Modernity of Others Jewish Anti Catholicism in Germany and France Stanford University Press 2013 376 pages how Jewish intellectuals defined themselves as modern against the anti modern positions of the Catholic church Latourette Kenneth Scott Christianity in a Revolutionary Age 5 vol 1969 covers 1790s to 1960 comprehensive global history Keating Karl Catholicism and Fundamentalism The Attack on Romanism by Bible Christians Ignatius Press 1988 ISBN 978 0 89870 177 7 Kenny Stephen 2002 Prejudice That Rarely Utters Its Name A Historiographical and Historical Reflection upon North American Anti Catholicism American Review of Canadian Studies 32 4 639 McGreevy John T 1997 Thinking on One s Own Catholicism in the American Intellectual Imagination 1928 1960 The Journal of American History 84 97 131 JSTOR 2952736 Miller J R 1985 Anti Catholic Thought in Victorian Canada Canadian Historical Review 65 4 474 Moore Edmund A A Catholic Runs for President 1956 on Al Smith in 1928 Moore Leonard J Citizen Klansmen The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana 1921 1928 University of North Carolina Press 1991 Norman E R Anti Catholicism in Victorian England 1968 Paz D G Popular Anti Catholicism in England 1850 1851 Albion 11 1979 331 359 in JSTOR Stark Rodney 2016 Bearing False Witness Debunking Centuries of Anti Catholic History Templeton Press ISBN 1599474999 Thiemann Ronald F Religion in Public Life Georgetown University Press 1996 Verhoeven Timothy Transatlantic Anti Catholicism France and the United States in the Nineteenth Century Palgrave MacMillan 2010 excerpt and text search Wiener Carol Z 1971 The Beleaguered Isle A Study of Elizabethan and Early Jacobean Anti Catholicism Past and Present 51 27 62 Wolffe John 2013 North Atlantic Anti Catholicism in the Nineteenth Century A Comparative Overview European Studies A Journal of European Culture History and Politics 31 1 25 41 Wolffe John ed Protestant Catholic Conflict from the Reformation to the Twenty first Century Palgrave Macmillan UK 2013 Table of contents nbsp Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Anti Catholicism Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Anti Katolik amp oldid 19709707