Vlado Chernozemski bahasa Bulgaria Владо Черноземски 19 Oktober 1897 9 Oktober 1934 lahir dengan nama Velichko Dimitrov

Vlado Chernozemski (bahasa Bulgaria: Владо Черноземски) (19 Oktober 1897 – 9 Oktober 1934), lahir dengan nama Velichko Dimitrov Kerin (bahasa Bulgaria: Величко Димитров Керин), adalah seorang pejuang berkebangsaan Bulgaria. Ia dianggap sebagai pahlawan di Bulgaria saat ini dan juga oleh orang Kroasia dan Bulgaria Makedonia pada masa hidupnya.

Vlado Chernozemski

Lahir	Velichko Dimitrov Kerin (1897-10-19)19 Oktober 1897 Kamenitsa, Bulgaria
Meninggal	9 Oktober 1934(1934-10-09) (umur 36) Marseille, Prancis
Kebangsaan	Bulgaria
Pekerjaan	Pembunuh
Tahun aktif	1922–1934
Organisasi	Organisasi Revolusioner Makedonia Internal
Dikenal atas	Pembunuhan: Aleksandar I dari Yugoslavia (1934) Naum Tomalevski (1930) Dimo Hadzhidimov (1924)

Chernozemski memulai perjuangannya pada tahun 1922 ketika ia bergabung dengan Organisasi Revolusioner Internal Makedonia (IMRO). Kemudian ia menjadi pembunuh untuk organisasi tersebut. Ia membunuh dua politikus Bulgaria terkenal, yaitu Dimo Hadzhidimov yang beraliran komunis dan seorang anggota IMRO yang bernama Naum Tomalevski. Ia dijatuhi hukuman mati atas pembunuhan Hadzhidimov, tetapi ia berhasil lolos dari penjara. Setelah membunuh Tomalevski, ia kembali dijatuhi hukuman mati, tetapi kali ini dia dilepaskan dari penjara. Setelah dilepaskan pada tahun 1932, ia menjadi pelatih untuk organisasi Ustaše. Ia melatih tiga anggota Ustaše untuk membunuh Raja Aleksandar dari Yugoslavia, tetapi akhirnya memutuskan untuk membunuh Aleksandar dengan menggunakan sebuah pistol pada tanggal 9 Oktober 1934 di Marseille. Ia lalu dipukuli oleh polisi dan massa Prancis dan meninggal pada hari yang sama. Menteri Luar Negeri Prancis Louis Barthou juga meninggal akibat terkena peluru nyasar.

Catatan kaki sunting

- Istoricheski pregled, Books 1-6, Bŭlgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo, Institut za istoria (Bŭlgarska akademia na naukite), 1987, str. 49.
- Велинград - online, публикувано на 12 октомври 2010 г. В памет на Владо Черноземски.
- Атентатът в Марсилия, Владо Черноземски. Живот,отдаден на Македония, Митре Стаменов, (Издание на ВМРО-СМД, София, 1993)[1]
- Request of the Yugoslav government under article 11, paragraph 2, of the Covenant: Communication from the Hungarian government, Hungary - Yugoslavia, League of Nations, Tibor Eckhardt, Publisher League of Nations, 1934, p. 8.
- Stefan Troebst,"Historical Politics and Historical “Masterpieces” in Macedonia before and after 1991 2004-01-10 di Wayback Machine.", New Balkan Politics, Issue 6, 2003: "... the suicide-assassin from VMRO, Vlado Cernozemski, who, on orders from Mihajlov and his ethno-national VMRO, which was defined as Bulgarian, killed the Yugoslav king Alexander I Karadzordzevic and the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Louis Bareau in Marseilles in 1934."
- The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics, Cornell Paperbacks: Slavic studies, history, political science, Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8014-9493-1, p. 326.
- Crown of thorns, Author Stéphane Groueff, Publisher Madison Books, 1987, p. 224.
- Balkan Firebrand - The Autobiography of a Rebel Soldier and Statesman, Todorov Kosta, READ BOOKS, 2007, ISBN 1-4067-5375-0, p. 267.
- Violette Nozière: a story of murder in 1930s Paris, Author Sarah C. Maza, Publisher University of California Press, 2011, ISBN 0-520-26070-8, p. 230.
- Shadows on the Mountain: The Allies, the Resistance, and the Rivalries That Doomed WWII Yugoslavia, Marcia Kurapovna, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, ISBN 0-470-08456-1, p. 157.
- Yugoslavia's ethnic nightmare: the inside story of Europe's unfolding ordeal, Jasminka Udovički, James Ridgeway, Lawrence Hill Books, 1995, ISBN 1-55652-215-0, p. 34.
- Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Nationalisms Across the Globe, Author Chris Kostov, Publisher Peter Lang, 2010, SBN 3034301960, p.139.
- Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia, Jasminka Udovički, James Ridgeway, Duke University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8223-2590-X, hlm. 35.
Izvestia na Natsionalnia istoricheski muzeĭ, Tomove 16–19, Natsionalen istoricheski muzeĭ, Izdatelstvo Nauka i izkustvo, 2006, str. 129.
Crown of Thorns: The Reign of King Boris III of Bulgaria, 1918-1943, Stephane Groueff, Rowman & Littlefield, 1998, ISBN 1568331142, hlm. 224.
de Launay, Jacques (1974). Les grandes controverses de l'histoire contemporaine 1914-1945. Edito-Service Histoire Secrete de Notre Temps. hlm. 568.

[1] Istoricheski pregled, Books 1-6, Bŭlgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo, Institut za istoria (Bŭlgarska akademia na naukite), 1987, str. 49.

Велинград - online, публикувано на 12 октомври 2010 г. В памет на Владо Черноземски.

Атентатът в Марсилия, Владо Черноземски. Живот,отдаден на Македония, Митре Стаменов, (Издание на ВМРО-СМД, София, 1993)[1]

Request of the Yugoslav government under article 11, paragraph 2, of the Covenant: Communication from the Hungarian government, Hungary - Yugoslavia, League of Nations, Tibor Eckhardt, Publisher League of Nations, 1934, p. 8.

Stefan Troebst,"Historical Politics and Historical “Masterpieces” in Macedonia before and after 1991 2004-01-10 di Wayback Machine.", New Balkan Politics, Issue 6, 2003: "... the suicide-assassin from VMRO, Vlado Cernozemski, who, on orders from Mihajlov and his ethno-national VMRO, which was defined as Bulgarian, killed the Yugoslav king Alexander I Karadzordzevic and the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Louis Bareau in Marseilles in 1934."

The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics, Cornell Paperbacks: Slavic studies, history, political science, Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8014-9493-1, p. 326.

Crown of thorns, Author Stéphane Groueff, Publisher Madison Books, 1987, p. 224.

Balkan Firebrand - The Autobiography of a Rebel Soldier and Statesman, Todorov Kosta, READ BOOKS, 2007, ISBN 1-4067-5375-0, p. 267.

Violette Nozière: a story of murder in 1930s Paris, Author Sarah C. Maza, Publisher University of California Press, 2011, ISBN 0-520-26070-8, p. 230.

Shadows on the Mountain: The Allies, the Resistance, and the Rivalries That Doomed WWII Yugoslavia, Marcia Kurapovna, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, ISBN 0-470-08456-1, p. 157.

Yugoslavia's ethnic nightmare: the inside story of Europe's unfolding ordeal, Jasminka Udovički, James Ridgeway, Lawrence Hill Books, 1995, ISBN 1-55652-215-0, p. 34.

Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Nationalisms Across the Globe, Author Chris Kostov, Publisher Peter Lang, 2010, SBN 3034301960, p.139.

Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia, Jasminka Udovički, James Ridgeway, Duke University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8223-2590-X, hlm. 35.

[2] Istoricheski pregled, Books 1-6, Bŭlgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo, Institut za istoria (Bŭlgarska akademia na naukite), 1987, str. 49.

[3] Велинград - online, публикувано на 12 октомври 2010 г. В памет на Владо Черноземски.

[4] Атентатът в Марсилия, Владо Черноземски. Живот,отдаден на Македония, Митре Стаменов, (Издание на ВМРО-СМД, София, 1993)[1]

[5] Request of the Yugoslav government under article 11, paragraph 2, of the Covenant: Communication from the Hungarian government, Hungary - Yugoslavia, League of Nations, Tibor Eckhardt, Publisher League of Nations, 1934, p. 8.

[6] Stefan Troebst,"Historical Politics and Historical “Masterpieces” in Macedonia before and after 1991 2004-01-10 di Wayback Machine.", New Balkan Politics, Issue 6, 2003: "... the suicide-assassin from VMRO, Vlado Cernozemski, who, on orders from Mihajlov and his ethno-national VMRO, which was defined as Bulgarian, killed the Yugoslav king Alexander I Karadzordzevic and the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Louis Bareau in Marseilles in 1934."

[7] The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics, Cornell Paperbacks: Slavic studies, history, political science, Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8014-9493-1, p. 326.

[8] Crown of thorns, Author Stéphane Groueff, Publisher Madison Books, 1987, p. 224.

[9] Balkan Firebrand - The Autobiography of a Rebel Soldier and Statesman, Todorov Kosta, READ BOOKS, 2007, ISBN 1-4067-5375-0, p. 267.

[10] Violette Nozière: a story of murder in 1930s Paris, Author Sarah C. Maza, Publisher University of California Press, 2011, ISBN 0-520-26070-8, p. 230.

[11] Shadows on the Mountain: The Allies, the Resistance, and the Rivalries That Doomed WWII Yugoslavia, Marcia Kurapovna, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, ISBN 0-470-08456-1, p. 157.

[12] Yugoslavia's ethnic nightmare: the inside story of Europe's unfolding ordeal, Jasminka Udovički, James Ridgeway, Lawrence Hill Books, 1995, ISBN 1-55652-215-0, p. 34.

[13] Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Nationalisms Across the Globe, Author Chris Kostov, Publisher Peter Lang, 2010, SBN 3034301960, p.139.

[14] Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia, Jasminka Udovički, James Ridgeway, Duke University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8223-2590-X, hlm. 35.

[2] Izvestia na Natsionalnia istoricheski muzeĭ, Tomove 16–19, Natsionalen istoricheski muzeĭ, Izdatelstvo Nauka i izkustvo, 2006, str. 129.

[3] Crown of Thorns: The Reign of King Boris III of Bulgaria, 1918-1943, Stephane Groueff, Rowman & Littlefield, 1998, ISBN 1568331142, hlm. 224.

[delaunay-4] Launay, Jacques (1974). Les grandes controverses de l'histoire contemporaine 1914-1945. Edito-Service Histoire Secrete de Notre Temps. hlm. 568.