Tamilakam (bahasa Tamil: தமிழகம்) mengacu pada daerah yang dihuni oleh bangsa Tamil Kuno. Tamilakam meliput Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, Lakshadwip, dan bagian selatan Andhra Pradesh dan Karnataka. Catatan tradisional berjudul Tolkāppiyam menyebut wilayah ini sebagai wilayah budaya tunggal, dengan bahasa Tamil sebagai bahasa ibu dan budaya semua penduduknya. Negara Tamil kuno dibagi menjadi beberapa kerajaan. Yang paling terkenal dari kerajaan-kerajaan itu adalah Chera, Chola, Pandya, dan Pallawa. Selama Zaman Sangam, budaya Tamil mulai menyebar ke luar Tamilakam.
Catatan Sunting
- Thapar menyebutkan adanya bahasa umum dari kelompok Dravida: "Asoka dalam prasastinya mengacu pada orang-orang India Selatan sebagai Chola, Chera, Pandya, dan Satiyaputra - wilayah budaya Tamilakam - disebut demikian pada bahasa utama dari Rumpun bahasa Dravida pada saat itu, Tamil".
- Lihat referensi Kanakasabhai.
Referensi Sunting
Catatan kaki Sunting
- Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa (1 January 1929). History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to 600 A.D. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 9788120601451.
- Thapar 2004, hlm. 229.
- Kanakasabhai 1904, hlm. 10.
- Singh 2009, hlm. 384.
Daftar pustaka Sunting
- Abraham, Shinu (2003). "Chera, Chola, Pandya: using archaeological evidence to identify the Tamil kingdoms of early historic South India". Asian Perspectives. 42 (2): 207–223. doi:10.1353/asi.2003.0031. hdl:10125/17189 .
- John E. Cort, ed. (1998), Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History, SUNY Press, ISBN 0-7914-3785-X
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- Indrapala, K. (1969). "Early Tamil settlements in Ceylon". Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1969, XIII:54.
- Kanakasabhai, V (1904). The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 8120601505.
- Krishnan, Shankara (1999). Postcolonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka, and the Question of Nationhood. University of Minnesota Press. hlm. 172. ISBN 0-8166-3330-4.
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- Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5379-9.
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- Smith, Vincent A. (1999). The Early History of India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-7156-618-1.
- Thapar, Romila (2004). Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520242258.
- Wenzlhuemer, Roalnd (2008). "From Coffee to Tea Cultivation in Ceylon, 1880-1900: An Economic and Social History". BRILL.
- Zvelebil, Kamil (1973). "The smile of Murugan on Tamil literature of South India". Leiden: Brill.
- Zvelebil, Kamil (1992). "Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature". BRILL.