Schutzmannschaft atau Kepolisian Auksilier (artinya: "satuan protektif atau penjaga"; jamak: Schutzmannschaften, disingkat Schuma) adalah kepolisian kolaborasionis yang berasal dari kalangan penduduk asli di kawasan-kawasan Eropa Timur yang diduduki oleh Jerman Nazi pada Perang Dunia II. Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler mendirikan Schutzmannschaft pada 25 Juli 1941 dan satuan ini tunduk kepada Ordnungspolizei. Pada akhir 1941, sekitar 45,000 pasukan bertugas dalam unit-unit Schutzmannschaft, sekitar setengah dari mereka berada dalam batalion-batalion.
Schutzmannschaft | |
---|---|
Perwira Ordnungspolizei mengunjungi unit Schutzmannschaft di Zarig dekat Kiev, Desember 1942 | |
Aktif | Didirikan pada Juli 1941 oleh Heinrich Himmler |
Negara | Eropa Timur yang diduduki Jerman |
Aliansi | Ordnungspolizei |
Tipe unit | Polisi auksilier |
Jumlah personel | 300,000 |
Catatan sunting
- Brandon, Ray; Lower, Wendy (2008). The Shoah in Ukraine: history, testimony, memorialization. Indiana University Press. hlm. 268. ISBN 0253350840.
Some sources attempt to translate Schutzmann and Schutzmannschaft literally. The word is merely an old-fashioned German word for police, which the Order Police apparently adopted to distinguish the indigenous police from the German police in its various manifestations (Gendarmerie, Security Police, etc.).
- Schiessl (2009), hlm. 39
- Breitman (1990)
Referensi sunting
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- Browning, Christopher R. (2002). "Ordinary Germans or Ordinary Men? A Reply to the Critics". Dalam Berenbaum, Michael; Peck, Abraham J. The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253215291.
- Bubnys, Arūnas (1998), Vokiečių okupuota Lietuva (1941–1944) (dalam bahasa Lithuanian), Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras, ISBN 9986-757-12-6
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- Niglas, Aivar; Hiio, Toomas (2006). (PDF). Estonia 1940-1945: Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity. Talinn: Estonian Institute of Historical Memory. ISBN 9949-13-040-9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-29.
- Schiessl, Christoph (2009). The Search for Nazi Collaborators in the United States (Tesis Ph.D.). ProQuest. ISBN 9781109090079. https://books.google.ca/books?id=kYaZYgEACAAJ.
- Stankeras, Pertas (2008). Lietuvių policija Antrajame pasauliniame kare (dalam bahasa Lithuanian). Mintis. ISBN 978-5-417-00958-7.