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Rudolf Vrba lahir Walter Rosenberg 11 September 1924 27 Maret 2006 adalah seorang biokimia Slovakia Yahudi yang sebagai remaja pada tahun 1942 dibuang ke kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz di Polandia yang diduduki Jerman Ia melarikan diri dari kamp tersebut pada April 1944 pada puncak Holokaus dan bersama menyusun laporan Vrba Wetzler laporan rinci tentang pembunuhan massal yang terjadi di sana 2 Pendistribusian laporan tersebut oleh George Mantello di Swiss diakui berhasil menghentikan deportasi massal orang Yahudi Hongaria ke Auschwitz pada bulan Juli 1944 menyelamatkan lebih dari 200 000 nyawa Setelah perang Vrba melatih dirinya sebagai seorang biokimiawan sebagian besar bekerja di Inggris dan Kanada 3 Rudolf VrbaLahirWalter Rosenberg 1924 09 11 11 September 1924Topoľcany CzechoslovakiaMeninggal27 Maret 2006 2006 03 27 umur 81 Vancouver KanadaKebangsaanCzechoslovakWarga negaraInggris 1966 Kanada 1972 PendidikanIng Kim kimia Czech Technical University in Prague 1949 Dr Tech Sc kimia dan biologi Czech Technical University in Prague 1951 C Sc Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences 1956 PekerjaanProfesor Asosiasi farmakologi University of British ColumbiaDikenal atasLaporan Vrba Wetzler 1 Suami istriGerta Vrbova m 1947 Robin Vrba m 1975 Anak2Orang tuaElias Rosenberg Helena Rosenberg nee Grunfeldova PenghargaanMedal Keberanian Czechoslovak c 1945 Ordo Pemberontakan Nasional Slovakia Kelas 2 Medal Kehormatan Partisan Cekoslowakia Doktor Filsafat Honoris Causa University of Haifa 1998 Order of the White Double Cross kelas 1 Slovakia 2007 Vrba dan rekannya yang melarikan diri Alfred Wetzler melarikan diri dari Auschwitz tiga minggu setelah pasukan Jerman menyerbu Hongaria dan segera sebelum SS memulai deportasi massal penduduk Yahudi Hongaria ke kamp tersebut Informasi yang mereka diktekan kepada pejabat Yahudi ketika mereka tiba di Slovakia pada 24 April 1944 yang mencakup bahwa kedatangan baru di Auschwitz sedang diracuni dan bukan pemukiman kembali seperti yang diakui oleh Jerman dikenal sebagai laporan Vrba Wetzler 1 Ketika War Refugee Board mempublikasikannya dengan keterlambatan yang cukup besar pada November 1944 New York Herald Tribune menggambarkannya sebagai dokumen paling mengejutkan yang pernah dikeluarkan oleh lembaga pemerintah Amerika Serikat 4 Meskipun membenarkan materi dalam laporan laporan sebelumnya dari pelarian Polandia dan lainnya a sejarawan Miroslav Karny menulis bahwa laporan itu unik dalam detailnya yang tegas 9 Ada penundaan beberapa minggu sebelum laporan itu didistribusikan secara luas cukup untuk menarik perhatian pemerintah Transportasi massal orang Yahudi Hongaria ke Auschwitz dimulai pada 15 Mei 1944 dengan tingkat 12 000 orang sehari 10 Sebagian besar langsung menuju ke kamar gas Vrba bersikeras hingga akhir hidupnya bahwa para deportan mungkin telah menolak naik kereta atau setidaknya kepanikannya akan mengganggu transportasi jika laporan tersebut didistribusikan lebih awal dan lebih luas 11 Mulai akhir Juni hingga Juli 1944 materi dari laporan Vrba Wetzler muncul di surat kabar dan siaran radio di Amerika Serikat dan Eropa terutama di Swiss mendorong pemimpin dunia untuk memohon kepada Miklos Horthy regent Hongaria untuk menghentikan deportasi 12 Pada 2 Juli pasukan Amerika dan Inggris membom Budapest dan pada 6 Juli dalam upaya untuk menegakkan kedaulatannya Horthy memerintahkan agar deportasi dihentikan 13 Saat itu lebih dari 434 000 orang Yahudi telah dideportasi dalam 147 kereta hampir seluruh populasi Yahudi pedesaan Hongaria tapi 200 000 lainnya di Budapest diselamatkan b Daftar isi 1 Karya terpilih 1 1 Holokaus 1 2 Penelitian akademis 2 Sumber 2 1 Catatan 2 2 Kutipan 2 3 Karya dikutip 3 Bacaan lanjutanKarya terpilih suntingHolokaus sunting 1998 Science and the Holocaust Focus University of Haifa edited version of Vrba s speech when he received his honorary doctorate 1997 The Preparations for the Holocaust In Hungary An Eyewitness Account in Randolph L Braham Attila Pok eds The Holocaust in Hungary Fifty years later New York Columbia University Press 227 285 1998 The Preparations for the Holocaust In Hungary An Eyewitness Account in Randolph L Braham Attila Pok eds The Holocaust in Hungary Fifty years later New York Columbia University Press 227 285 1996 Die missachtete Warnung Betrachtungen uber den Auschwitz Bericht von 1944 Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte 44 1 1 24 JSTOR 30195502 1992 Personal Memories of Actions of SS Doctors of Medicine in Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II Birkenau in Charles G Roland et al eds Medical Science without Compassion Past and Present Hamburg Stiftung fur Sozialgeschichte des 20 Jahrhunderts OCLC 34310080 1989 The Role of Holocaust in German Economy and Military Strategy During 1941 1945 Appendix VII in I Escaped from Auschwitz 431 440 1966 Footnote to the Auschwitz Report Jewish Currents 20 3 27 1963 with Alan Bestic I Cannot Forgive London Sidgwick and Jackson 1964 with Alan Bestic Factory of Death London Transworld Publishers 1989 with Alan Bestic 44070 The Conspiracy of the Twentieth Century Bellingham WA Star amp Cross Publishing House 2002 I Escaped from Auschwitz London Robson Books Penelitian akademis sunting 1975 with E Alpert K J Isselbacher Carcinoembryonic antigen evidence for multiple antigenic determinants and isoantigens Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72 11 November 1975 4602 4606 PMID 53843 PMC 388771 1974 with A Winter L N Epps Assimilation of glucose carbon in vivo by salivary gland and tumor American Journal of Physiology 226 6 June 1974 1424 1427 1972 with A Winter Movement of U 14 C glucose carbon into and subsequent release from lipids and high molecular weight constituents of rat brain liver and heart in vivo Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 50 1 January 1972 91 105 PMID 5059675 1970 with Wendy Cannon Molecular weights and metabolism of rat brain proteins Biochemical Journal 116 4 February 1970 745 753 PMID 5435499 PMC 1185420 1968 with Wendy Cannon Gel filtration of U 14C glucose labelled high speed supernatants of rat brains Journal of Biochemistry 109 3 September 1968 30P PMID 5685853 PMC 1186863 1967 Assimilation of glucose carbon in subcellular rat brain particles in vivo and the problems of axoplasmic flow Journal of Biochemistry 105 3 December 1967 927 936 PMID 16742567 PMC 1198409 1966 Effects of insulin induced hypoglycaemia on the fate of glucose carbon atoms in the mouse Journal of Biochemistry 99 2 May 1966 367 380 PMID 5944244 PMC 265005 1964 Utilization of glucose carbon in vivo in the mouse Nature 202 18 April 1964 247 249 PMID 14167775 1963 with H S Bachelard J Krawcynski Interrelationship between glucose utilization of brain and heart Nature 197 2 March 1963 869 870 PMID 13998012 1962 with H S Bachelard et al Effect of reserpine on the heart The Lancet 2 7269 22 December 1962 1330 1331 PMID 13965902 1962 with M K Gaitonde D Richter The conversion of the glucose carbon into protein in the brain and other organs of the rat Journal of Neurochemistry 9 5 September 1962 465 475 DOI 10 1111 j 1471 4159 1962 tb04199 x PMID 13998013 1962 Glucose metabolism in rat brain in vivo Nature 195 4842 August 1962 663 665 DOI 10 1038 195663a0 PMID 13926895 1961 with Kunjlata Kothary The release of ammonia from rat brain proteins during acid hydrolysis Journal of Neurochemistry 8 1 October 1961 65 71 DOI 10 1111 j 1471 4159 1961 tb13527 x 1959 with Jaroslava Folbergrova Observations on endogenous metabolism in brain in vitro and in vivo Journal of Neurochemistry 4 4 October 1959 338 349 DOI 10 1111 j 1471 4159 1959 tb13215 x 1958 with Jaroslava Folbergrova Endogenous Metabolism in Brain Cortex Slices Nature 182 26 July 1958 237 238 DOI 10 1038 182237a0 1957 with Jaroslava Folbergrova V Kanturek Ammonia Formation in Brain Cortex Slices Nature 179 4557 March 1957 470 471 DOI 10 1038 179470a0 PMID 13577795 1956 On the participation of ammonia in cerebral metabolism and function Review of Czechoslovak Medicine 3 2 81 106 PMID 13466187 1955 Significance of glutamic acid in metabolic processes in the rat brain during physical exercise Nature 176 4496 31 December 1955 1258 1261 PMID 13321878 1955 A source of ammonia and changes of protein structure in the rat brain during physical exertion Nature 176 4472 16 July 1955 117 118 PMID 13244627 1955 Effect of physical stress on metabolic function of the brain III Formation of ammonia and structure of proteins in the brain Chekhoslovatskaia Fiziologila 4 4 397 408 in German PMID 13330105 1954 with Arnost Kleinzeller Jiri Malek Manometricke metody a jejich pouziti v biologii a biochemii Prague Statni Zdravotnicke Nakladatelstvi State Health Publishing Sumber suntingCatatan sunting Sejarawan Inggris Michael Fleming melacak lebih dari 40 data sumber dari November 1942 hingga awal Juli 1944 tentang orang Yahudi di Auschwitz yang menghasilkan 50 data terpisah yang didistribusikan seperti laporan berita 5 Beberapa tahanan telah melarikan diri dari Auschwitz sebelum Vrba dan Wetzler Tiga atau empat termasuk Kazimierz Piechowski seorang Polandia lainnya melarikan diri pada 20 Juni 1942 dan melaporkan apa yang terjadi di dalam kamp Kazimierz Halori juga dari Polandia melarikan diri pada 2 November 1942 6 Sebuah laporan berjudul Oboz smierci Kamp kematian diterbitkan di Warsawa pada Desember 1942 oleh Natalia Zarembina anggota bawah tanah Polandia yang melarikan diri 6 Pada 10 Desember 1942 Edward Raczynski Menteri Urusan Luar Negeri pemerintahan Poland ia di pengasingan menyampaikan pidato The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland kepada Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa yang baru lahir Ini memperkirakan bahwa dari populasi sebelum perang 3 130 000 orang Yahudi di Polandia satu dari tiga sudah mati 7 Menurut Raul Hilberg sebuah laporan dua bagian tentang Auschwitz disiapkan pada Agustus atau Desember 1943 oleh seorang agen perempuan Polandia Ini menyimpulkan Sejarah tidak mengenal paralel kehancuran kehidupan manusia seperti itu Laporan tersebut mencakup rincian tentang ruang gas seleksi dan eksperimen sterilisasi Dinyatakan bahwa ada 137 000 tahanan tiga krematorium di Birkenau yang dapat membakar 10 000 orang setiap hari dan bahwa 468 000 orang Yahudi telah diracuni pada September 1942 30 000 orang telah diracuni dalam satu hari Diperkirakan bahwa hanya dua persen dari mereka yang tiba antara September 1942 dan awal Juni 1943 yang selamat Laporan itu dikirim ke Office of Strategic Services di London dan pada 17 Maret 1944 ke Intelijen Militer Departemen Perang AS 8 Randolph Braham 2016 Pada 9 Juli ketika perintah Juli Horthy untuk menghentikan deportasi akhirnya diperhatikan Ferenczy dapat melaporkan deportasi 434 351 orang Yahudi dalam 147 kereta Angka Ferenczy sedikit lebih rendah dari 437 402 yang dilaporkan oleh Veesenmayer kepada Kementerian Luar Negeri Jerman Baik satu set angka tidak termasuk jumlah Yahudi yang dihapus dari bagian selatan Distrik Gendarmerie III IV dan V selama tindakan darurat khusus yang diberlakukan terhadap mereka selama minggu 26 April 1944 Baik otoritas Nazi Jerman maupun Hongaria tidak pernah menerbitkan laporan akhir tentang total deportasi dari Hongaria selama masa pemerintahan mereka 14 Braham 2011 D ari 15 Mei hingga 9 Juli 1944 hampir 440 000 orang Yahudi Hongaria dideportasi ke Auschwitz Birkenau di mana sebagian besar dari mereka dibunuh segera setelah kedatangan mereka Pada 9 Juli ketika keputusan Horthy untuk menghentikan deportasi mulai berlaku dan Raoul Wallenberg tiba dalam misi penyelamatan seluruh Hongaria dengan pengecualian Budapest yang mencolok telah menjadi judenrein 15 Kutipan sunting a b Swiebocki 2002 24 42 169 274 Hilberg 2003b 1213 Ritchie Meabh 22 Januari 2015 Pria yang Mengungkapkan Kengerian Auschwitz ke Dunia The Daily Telegraph Rudolf Vrba Memorial Lecture 2014 University of British Columbia 21 Maret 2014 1944 German Atrocities In our pages 100 75 and 50 years ago International Herald Tribune 26 November 1944 Fleming 2014 266 a b Szabo 2011 87 Zimmerman 2015 181 182 Hilberg 2003b 1212 1213 Karny 1998 554 Kranzler 2000 104 Vrba 2002 279 282 Braham 2016b 985 catatan 69 Fleming 2014 238 246 Kesalahan pengutipan Tag lt ref gt tidak sah tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Braham2016p1028 Braham 2016a 774 Braham 2011 45 Karya dikutip sunting Bauer Yehuda 1994 Jews for Sale Nazi Jewish Negotiations 1933 1945 New Haven and London Yale University Press Bauer Yehuda 1997a The Holocaust in Hungary Was Rescue Possible Dalam Cesarani David Genocide and Rescue The Holocaust in Hungary 1944 Oxford Berg Bauer Yehuda 1997b Anmerkungen zum Auschwitz Bericht von Rudolf Vrba PDF Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte 45 2 297 307 Bauer Yehuda 2002 Rethinking the Holocaust New Haven Yale University Press Bauer Yehuda October 2006 Rudolf Vrba und die Auschwitz Protokolle Eine Antwort auf John S Conway Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte 54 4 701 710 doi 10 1524 vfzg 2006 54 4 701 nbsp JSTOR 20754059 Bartrop Paul R 2017 Soos Geza Dalam Bartrop Paul R Dickerman Michael The Holocaust An Encyclopedia and Document Collection Volume 1 Santa Barbara ABC CLIO hlm 604 605 Berenbaum Michael 14 October 2004 Righteous Anger Fuels Auschwitz Jewish Journal Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 February 2020 Parameter url status yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Bestic Alan 1964 1963 Preface nbsp Dalam Vrba Rudolf Bestic Alan I Cannot Forgive New York Grove Press Inc hlm 7 8 Bogdanor Paul 2016 Kasztner s Crime New Brunswick and New York Transaction Publishers ISBN 978 1 4128 6443 5 Braham Randolph L 2000 The Politics of Genocide The Holocaust in Hungary Condensed edition Detroit Wayne State University Press ISBN 978 0814326916 Braham Randolph L 2011 Hungary The Controversial Chapter of the Holocaust Dalam Braham Randolph L Vanden Heuvel William The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary New York Columbia University Press hlm 29 49 ISBN 978 0880336888 Braham Randolph L 2016a The Politics of Genocide The Holocaust in Hungary 1 New York Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0880337113 Braham Randolph L 2016b The Politics of Genocide The Holocaust in Hungary 2 New York Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0880337113 Conway John S 1979 Fruhe Augenzeugenberichte aus Auschwitz Glaubwurdigkeit und Wirkungsgeschichte PDF Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte 27 2 260 284 Conway John S 1984a Der Holocaust in Ungarn Neue Kontroversen und Uberlegungen PDF Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte 32 2 179 212 PMID 11636199 Conway John 1984b The First Report about Auschwitz Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual 1 133 151 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 February 2020 Parameter url status yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Conway John 2002 The Significance of the Vrba Wetzler Report on Auschwitz Birkenau Dalam Vrba Rudolf I Escaped from Auschwitz Fort Lee Barricade Books hlm 289 324 Conway John July 2005 Flucht aus Auschwitz Sechzig Jahre danach later Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte 53 3 461 472 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 July 2011 Parameter url status yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Czech Danuta 2000 A Calendar of the Most Important Events in the History of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp Dalam Dlugoborski Waclaw Piper Franciszek Auschwitz 1940 1945 Central Issues in the History of the Camp V Epilogue Oswiecim Auschwitz Birkenau State Museum hlm 119 231 ISBN 978 8385047872 OCLC 929235229 Douglas Lawrence 2005 The Memory of Judgment Making Law and History in the Trials of the Holocaust New Haven Yale University Press Dwork Deborah van Pelt Robert Jan 1996 Auschwitz 1270 to the Present nbsp New York W W Norton amp Company ISBN 0 393 03933 1 Fleming Michael 2014 Auschwitz the Allies and Censorship of the Holocaust Cambridge Cambridge University Press Gilbert Martin 1990 1981 Auschwitz and the Allies London Holt Paperbacks Gomel Elana 2003 Bloodscripts Writing the Violent Subject Ohio State University Press Halasz Dorottya Sziszkoszne Fall 2000 The United States and the Joel Brand Mission Help or Hindrance Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies 6 2 259 266 JSTOR 41274108 Hamerow Theodore S 2008 Why We Watched Europe America and the Holocaust nbsp New York W W Norton amp Company Inc ISBN 9780393064629 Hilberg Raul 2003a The Destruction of the European Jews II New Haven and London Yale University Press Hilberg Raul 2003b The Destruction of the European Jews III New Haven and London Yale University Press Hilberg Raul 2020 Pehle Walter H Schlott Rene ed The Anatomy of the Holocaust Selected Works from a Life of Scholarship New York and Oxford Berghahn Books ISBN 978 1 78920 355 4 Kahn Robert A 2004 Holocaust Denial and the Law A Comparative Study New York Palgrave Macmillan Karny Miroslav 1998 1994 The Vrba and Wetzler Report Dalam Berenbaum Michael Gutman Yisrael Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp Bloomington Indiana University Press hlm 553 564 Keren Nili 1998 The Family Camp Dalam Berenbaum Michael Gutman Yisrael Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp nbsp Bloomington Indiana University Press hlm 428 440 ISBN 9780253208842 Klein George 1992 The Ultimate Fear of the Traveler Returning from Hell Pieta Cambridge MA and London The MIT Press hlm 125 160 Klein George 2011 Confronting the Holocaust An Eyewitness Account Dalam Braham Randolph L Vanden Heuvel William The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary New York Columbia University Press hlm 255 283 Kornberg Jacques 2015 The Pope s Dilemma Pius XII Faces Atrocities and Genocide in the Second World War Toronto University of Toronto Press Kranzler David 2000 The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz George Mantello El Salvador and Switzerland s Finest Hour Syracuse Syracuse University Press Kubatova Hana 2014 Jewish Resistance in Slovakia 1938 45 Dalam Henry Patrick Jewish Resistance Against the Nazis Washington D C The Catholic University of America Press hlm 504 518 Kubatova Hana Lanicek Jan 2018 The Jew in Czech and Slovak Imagination 1938 89 Antisemitism the Holocaust and Zionism Leiden and Boston Brill Kulka Erich 1985 Attempts by Jewish Escapees to Stop Mass Extermination Jewish Social Studies 47 3 4 295 306 JSTOR 4467305 Lanzmann Claude 1995 Shoah The Complete Text Of The Acclaimed Holocaust Film New York Da Capo Press Linn Ruth 2004 Escaping Auschwitz A Culture of Forgetting nbsp New York Cornell University Press ISBN 9780801441301 Lipstadt Deborah 1993 1985 Beyond Belief The American Press amp the Coming of the Holocaust 1933 1945 New York Free Press Lob Ladislaus 2009 Rezso Kasztner The Daring Rescue of Hungarian Jews A Survivor s Account London Pimlico First published as Dealing with Satan Rezso Kasztner s Daring Rescue Mission London Jonathan Cape 2008 Longerich Peter 2012 Heinrich Himmler A Life New York Oxford University Press Martin Sandra 2012 Rudolf Vrba Working the Dead Beat 50 Lives that Changed Canada nbsp Toronto House of Anansi Press 390 395 Mordowicz Czeslaw 1995 1996 Oral history interview with Czeslaw Mordowicz interviewed by Jacek Nowakowski The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive United States Holocaust Memorial Museum English transcript Muller Filip 1999 Eyewitness Auschwitz Three Years in the Gas Chambers nbsp Chicago Ivan R Dee and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum hlm 122 ISBN 9781566632713 Paldiel Mordecai 2017 Saving One s Own Jewish Rescuers During the Holocaust Lincoln University of Nebraska Press Pendas Devin O 2006 The Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial 1963 1965 Cambridge Cambridge University Press Piper Franciszek 2000 The Number of Victims Dalam Dlugoborski Waclaw Piper Franciszek Auschwitz 1940 1945 Central Issues in the History of the Camp Volume III Mass Murder Oswiecim Auschwitz Birkenau State Museum hlm 205 231 Rubinstein William D 2002 1997 The Myth of Rescue London and New York Routledge Segev Tom 2000 1991 The Seventh Million New York Henry Holt and Company Strzelecki Andrzej 1998 The Plunder of Victims and Their Corpses Dalam Berenbaum Michael Gutman Yisrael Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp nbsp Bloomington Indiana University Press hlm 246 266 Swiebocki Henryk 2000 Dlugoborski Waclaw Piper Franciszek ed Auschwitz 1940 1945 Central Issues in the History of the Camp IV The Resistance Movement Oswiecim Auschwitz Birkenau State Museum ISBN 978 8385047872 OCLC 874233579 Swiebocki Henryk ed 2002 London has been informed Reports by Auschwitz Escapees Oswiecim Auschwitz Birkenau State Museum ISBN 83 88526 20 0 Szabo Zoltan Tibori 2011 The Auschwitz Reports Who Got Them and When Dalam Braham Randolph L vanden Heuvel William The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary New York Columbia University Press van Pelt Robert Jan 2002 The Case for Auschwitz Evidence from the Irving Trial nbsp Bloomington Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253340160 van Pelt Robert Jan 2011 When the Veil was Rent in Twain Auschwitz the Auschwitz Protocols and the Shoah testimony of Rudolf Vrba Dalam Braham Randolph L vanden Heuvel William The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary New York Columbia University Press hlm 121 151 Vrba Robin 2011 Foreword Dalam Braham Randolph L vanden Heuvel William The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary New York Columbia University Press hlm xi xii Vrba Rudolf 1964 16 July 1961 Appendix I Israeli Embassy Deposition Dalam Vrba Alan Bestic Rudolf I Cannot Forgive New York Grove Press Inc hlm 273 276 Vrba Rudolf Bestic Alan 1964 1963 I Cannot Forgive nbsp New York Grove Press Inc Vrba Rudolf 1972 Oral history interview with Rudolf Vrba The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive United States Holocaust Memorial Museum copy purchased from the Imperial War Museum February 1995 Original transcript archived USHMM transcript archived Interview originally conducted for World at War Thames Television London Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 December 2018 Parameter url status yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Vrba Rudolf November 1978 Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection Interview with Rudolf Vrba New York Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Vrba Rudolf January 1996 Die missachtete Warnung Betrachtungen uber den Auschwitz Bericht von 1944 PDF Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte 44 1 1 24 JSTOR 30195502 Diarsipkan dari versi asli PDF tanggal 31 August 2018 Parameter url status yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Vrba Rudolf 1998 The Preparations For The Holocaust In Hungary An Eyewitness Account Dalam Braham Randolph L Miller Scott The Nazis Last Victims The Holocaust in Hungary nbsp Detroit Wayne State University Press hlm 50 102 ISBN 0 8143 2737 0 Vrba Rudolf 2002 1963 I Escaped from Auschwitz Fort Lee NJ Barricade Books ISBN 9 78 1569 802328 Vrbova Gerta 2006 Trust and Deceit A Tale of Survival in Slovakia and Hungary 1939 1945 London and Portland Vallentine Mitchell Ward James Mace 2013 Priest Politician Collaborator Jozef Tiso and the Making of Fascist Slovakia Ithaka Cornell University Press Wetzler Alfred 2007 1964 Escape From Hell The True Story of the Auschwitz Protocol New York Berghahn Books ISBN 978 1845451837 First published as Lanik Jozef 1964 Co Dante nevidel Bratislava Osveta OCLC 833945571 Yablonka Hanna Tlamim Moshe Fall 2003 The Development of Holocaust Consciousness in Israel The Nuremberg Kapos Kastner and Eichmann Trials Israel Studies 8 3 Israel and the Holocaust 1 24 doi 10 2979 ISR 2003 8 3 1 JSTOR 0245616 Parameter s2cid yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Yahil Leni 1991 1990 The Holocaust The Fate of European Jewry 1932 1945 New York and Oxford Oxford University Press Zimmerman Joshua D 2015 The Polish Underground and the Jews 1939 1945 New York Cambridge University Press Bacaan lanjutan suntingVrba Wetzler memorial site Rudolf Vrba Papers 1934 2008 Franklin D Roosevelt Presidential Library amp Museum The most extensive and authoritative website about Rudolf Vrba is www rudolfvrba com 1 This mammoth undertaking contains exclusive interviews with people who knew him and has been created as a public service by Canadian journalist Alan Twigg Laporan Vrba Wetzler The Extermination Camps of Auschwitz Oswiecim and Birkenau in Upper Silesia War Refugee Board 26 November 1944 1 33 Swiebocki Henryk ed 2002 London has been informed Reports by Auschwitz Escapees Oswiecim Auschwitz Birkenau State Museum 169 274 ISBN 83 88526 20 0 Report of Alfred Wetzler I Auschwitz and Birkenau pp 169 196 Report of Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler pp 196 255 Report of Rudolf Vrba II Majdanek 256 274 Vrba Rudolf 2002 1963 Appendix III The Vrba Wetzler Report I Escaped from Auschwitz Fort Lee NJ Barricade Books 327 363 ISBN 978 1569 802328 Wetzler Alfred 2007 Appendix II Auschwitz Protocol Vrba Wetzler Report Escape From Hell The True Story of the Auschwitz Protocol New York Berghahn Books 233 276 ISBN 978 1 84545 183 7 Vrba Rudolf Wetzler Alfred The Vrba Wetzler Report PDF German History in Documents and Images different translation As sent to George Mantello Letters and the Vrba Wetzler report PDF Jewish Virtual Library Diarsipkan dari versi asli PDF tanggal 5 September 2015 Audio video Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection Interview with Rudolf Vrba Washington D C Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive United States Holocaust Memorial Museum transcript Rudolf Vrba in Shoah part 1 part 2 courtesy of YouTube Audio interview with Rudolf Vrba World at War Thames Television 1972 transcript Escape from Auschwitz video Secrets of the Dead PBS 29 April 2008 Buku dan artikel Breindel Eric M 2 May 1974 A Survivor of the Holocaust The Harvard Crimson Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 September 2018 Parameter url status yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Fleming Michael 2014 Allied Knowledge of Auschwitz A Further Challenge to the Elusiveness Narrative Holocaust and Genocide Studies 28 1 31 57 doi 10 1093 hgs dcu014 Fleming Michael 26 July 2016 Geographies of obligation and the dissemination of news of the Holocaust Holocaust Studies 23 1 2 59 75 doi 10 1080 17504902 2016 1209834 Parameter s2cid yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Freedland Jonathan 9 June 2022 The Escape Artist The Man Who Broke Out of Auschwitz to Warn the World John Murray ISBN 978 1529369045 Kasztner Rezso 1946 Der Bericht des judischen Rettungskomitees aus Budapest 1942 1945 Basel Va a dat Ezra Vo Hazalah In English The Kasztner Report The Report of the Budapest Jewish Rescue Committee 1942 1945 Jerusalem Yad Vashem OCLC 934651095 Linn Ruth 13 April 2006 Rudolf Vrba The Guardian Rose Hilary and Rose Steven 25 April 2006 Letter Rudolf Vrba The Guardian Vrba Rudolf 14 April 2006 The one that got away The Guardian extract from I Escaped from Auschwitz Wetzler Alfred as Jozko Lanik 1945 Oswiecim hrobka styroch milionov l udi Auschwitz the Graveyard of Four Million People Kosice Vyd OCLC 22143212 and OCLC 664734464 Wetzler Alfred as Jozef Lanik 1964 Co Dante nevidel What Dante did not see Bratislava Osveta OCLC 833945571 Wetzler Alfred as Jozef Lanik Mehnert Erich 1964 Was Dante nicht sah Roman Berlin Verlag der Nation OCLC 65468990 Templat The Holocaust Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Rudolf Vrba amp oldid 25171725