Baron Roman Fyodorovich Ungern-Sternberg (nama lahir Nikolai Robert Maximilian Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg; bahasa Rusia: Рома́н Фёдорович У́нгерн-Ште́рнберг, tr. Román Fyodorovich Úngern-Shtérnberg; ; 10 Januari 1886 – 15 September 1921), yang lebih dikenal sebagai Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, adalah seorang letnan jenderal anti-Bolshevik Rusia kelahiran Austria dalam Perang Saudara Rusia dan panglima perang independen Divisi Kavaleri Asiatik yang berebut kekuasaan Mongolia dengan Republik Tiongkok pada 1921 setelah pendudukannya. Ia sering disebut Baron Ungern, atau singkatnya Ungern.
| Baron Roman Fyodorovich von Ungern-Sternberg | |
|---|---|
Roman von Ungern-Sternberg di Mongolia | |
| Lahir | 10 Januari 1886 Graz, Kadipaten Styria, Austria-Hungaria |
| Meninggal | 15 September 1921 (umur 35) Novosibirsk, SFSR Rusia |
| Pengabdian | Kekaisaran Rusia Kekhanan Bogd Mongolia |
| Dinas/cabang | Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Rusia Tentara Putih |
| Lama dinas | 1906–1921 |
| Pangkat | Letnan jenderal |
| Komandan | Divisi Kavaleri Asiatik |
| Perang/pertempuran | Perang Dunia I Perang Saudara Rusia Revolusi Mongolia 1921 |
| Penghargaan | Ordo Santo Gregorius Kelas 4 Ordo Santo Vladimir Kelas 4 |
| Pasangan | Elena Pavlovna "Ji" (m. invalid year; bercerai invalid year) |
Bacaan tambahan sunting
- Bodisco Th. von, Dugin A., Evola J., Fernbach M., Freitag Y., Greiner A.W., Mutti C., Nesmelow A. 2007. Baron Ungern von Sternberg – der letzte Kriegsgott. Straelen: Regin-Verlag.
- Hopkirk, Peter (1986) Setting the East Ablaze: on Secret Service in Bolshevik Asia. Don Mills, Ont.
- Kamil Giżycki (1929). Przez Urjanchaj i Mongolje. Lwow – Warszawa: wyd. Zakladu Nar. im. Ossolinskich.
- Kuzmin, S.L. 2016. Theocratic Statehood and the Buddhist Church in Mongolia in the Beginning of the 20th Century. Moscow: KMK Sci. Press, ISBN 978-5-9907838-0-5.
- Maclean, Fitzroy (1974). To the Back of Beyond. Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
- Michalowski W.St. (1977). Testament Barona. Warszawa: Ludowa Spoldzielnia Wyd.
- Ossendowski, Ferdynand (1922) Beasts, Men and Gods. New York.
- Pozner, Vladimir (1938) Bloody Baron: the Story of Ungern–Sternberg. New York.
- du Quenoy, Paul. “Perfecting the Show Trial: The Case of Baron von Ungern-Sternberg,” Revolutionary Russia, 19: 1, June 2006.
- du Quenoy, Paul. “Warlordism à la russe: Baron von Ungern-Sternberg’s Anti-Bolshevik Crusade, 1917–1921,” Revolutionary Russia, 16: 2, December 2003
- Yuzefovich, Leonid. Le baron Ungern, khan des steppes
- Znamenski, Andrei (2011) Red Shambhala: Magic, Prophecy, and Geopolitics in the Heart of Asia. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books. ISBN 978-0-8356-0891-6
- Paratico, Angelo The Dew of Heaven Cactus Moon, 2016.
- Ribo, N.M. [Ryabukhin, N.M.] n.d. The Story of Baron Ungern Told by His Staff Physician. Hoover Institution, Stanford University, CSUZXX697-A.
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Referensi sunting
Kutipan sunting
- Templat:German title Freiherr
- Kuzmin 2011.
Sumber sunting
- Kuzmin, Sergei L., ed. (2004a). Legendarnyi Baron: Neizvestnye Stranitsy Grazhdanskoi Voiny (dalam bahasa Rusia). Moscow: KMK Sci. Press. ISBN 978-5-87317-175-0.
- Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "Harvc".
- Kuzmin, Sergei L., ed. (2004b). Baron Ungern v Dokumentakh i Memuarakh (dalam bahasa Rusia). Moscow: KMK Sci. Press. ISBN 978-5-87317-164-4.
- Kuzmin, Sergei L. (2011). The History of Baron Ungern. An Experience of Reconstruction. Moscow: KMK Sci. Press. ISBN 978-5-87317-692-2.
- Kuzmin, Sergei L. (2013). "How bloody was the White Baron?". Inner Asia. 15 (1).
- Palmer, James (2008). The Bloody White Baron: The Extraordinary Story of the Russian Nobleman Who Became the Last Khan of Mongolia. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 9780571230242.
- Pershin, D. P. (1999). Baron Ungern, Urga i Altanbulak (dalam bahasa Rusia). Samara: Agni. ISBN 978-5898500030.
- Smith, Canfield (1980). "The Ungernovščina – How and Why?". Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. 28 (4): 590–595.
- Sunderland, Willard (2014). The Baron's Cloak: A History of the Russian Empire in War and Revolution. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-5270-3.
Pranala luar sunting
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Roman Ungern.
- Hughes, Kathryn. Review: The Bloody White Baron by James Palmer, The Guardian, 14 June 2008.
- Goodwin, Jason. Book Review 'The Bloody White Baron,' by James Palmer
- Willard Sunderland on New Books Network 2017-02-04 di Wayback Machine. (audio here) discussing his book, The Baron's Cloak: A History of the Russian Empire in War and Revolution (Cornell University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-8014-5270-3)