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Politik Blok Timur mengikuti pendudukan sebagian besar Eropa Tengah dan Timur oleh Tentara Merah pada akhir Perang Dunia

Politik Blok Timur

Politik Blok Timur mengikuti pendudukan sebagian besar Eropa Tengah dan Timur oleh Tentara Merah pada akhir Perang Dunia II dan pengangkatan pemerintahan Marxis-Leninis yang dikendalikan oleh Uni Soviet di wilayah yang kemudian disebut sebagai Blok Timur melalui proses politik blok dan penindasan. Pemerintahan tersebut mengandung unsur-unsur demokrais perwakilan (seperti parlemen, pemilu dan terkadang berbagai parpol) untuk mengawali proses tersebut.

Sebuah foto propaganda dari seorang warga yang membaca Manifesto PKWN, yang disunting oleh Joseph Stalin, disebarkan setelah pendudukan Polandia oleh Soviet pada tahun 1944 pada masa Perang Dunia II sebelum negara tersebut diubah menjadi Republik Rakyat Polandia.

Catatan sunting

  1. Applebaum, Anne (2012). Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944–1956. United States: Knopf Doubleday. ISBN 9780385515696. 

Referensi sunting

  • Beschloss, Michael R (2003), The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman and the Destruction of Hitler's Germany, 1941–1945, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 0-7432-6085-6 
  • Berthon, Simon; Potts, Joanna (2007), Warlords: An Extraordinary Re-creation of World War II Through the Eyes and Minds of Hitler, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin, Da Capo Press, ISBN 978-0-306-81538-6 
  • Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007), A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-36626-7 
  • Böcker, Anita (1998), Regulation of Migration: International Experiences, Het Spinhuis, ISBN 90-5589-095-2 
  • Brackman, Roman (2001), The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life, Frank Cass Publishers, ISBN 0-7146-5050-1 
  • Cook, Bernard A. (2001), Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-8153-4057-5 
  • Crampton, R. J. (1997), Eastern Europe in the twentieth century and after, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-16422-2 
  • Dale, Gareth (2005), Popular Protest in East Germany, 1945–1989: Judgements on the Street, Routledge, ISBN 0714654086 
  • Deletant, Dennis (1995), Ceauşescu and the Securitate: coercion and dissent in Romania, 1965–1989, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 1-56324-633-3 
  • Dowty, Alan (1989), Closed Borders: The Contemporary Assault on Freedom of Movement, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-04498-4 
  • Ericson, Edward E. (1999), Feeding the German Eagle: Soviet Economic Aid to Nazi Germany, 1933–1941, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-275-96337-3 
  • Frucht, Richard C. (2003), Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism, Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 0-203-80109-1 
  • Gaddis, John Lewis (2005), The Cold War: A New History, Penguin Press, ISBN 1-59420-062-9 
  • Goertz, Gary (1995), Contexts of International Politics, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-46972-4 
  • Gorodetsky, Gabriel (2001), Grand Delusion: Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia, Yale University Press, ISBN 0300084595 
  • Graubard, Stephen R. (1991), Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Europe, Westview Press, ISBN 0-8133-1189-6 
  • Grenville, John Ashley Soames (2005), A History of the World from the 20th to the 21st Century, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-28954-8 
  • Grenville, John Ashley Soames; Wasserstein, Bernard (2001), The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-415-23798-X 
  • Grogin, Robert C. (2001), Natural Enemies: The United States and the Soviet Union in the Cold War, 1917–1991, Lexington Books, ISBN 0-7391-0160-9 
  • Gross, Jan (1997), "War as Revolution", dalam Gibianskii, Leonid; Naimark, Norman, The Establishment of Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe, 1944–1949, Westview Press, ISBN 0-8133-3534-5 
  • Hardt, John Pearce; Kaufman, Richard F. (1995), East-Central European Economies in Transition, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 1-56324-612-0 
  • Harrison, Hope Millard (2003), Driving the Soviets Up the Wall: Soviet-East German Relations, 1953–1961, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-09678-3 
  • Koehler, John O. (2000), Stasi: the untold story of the East German secret police, Westview Press, ISBN 0-8133-3744-5 
  • Krasnov, Vladislav (1985), Soviet Defectors: The KGB Wanted List, Hoover Press, ISBN 0-8179-8231-0 
  • Laqueur, Walter (1994), The dream that failed: reflections on the Soviet Union, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-510282-7 
  • Lipschitz, Leslie; McDonald, Donogh (1990), German unification: economic issues, International Monetary Fund, ISBN 1-55775-200-1 
  • Lukacs, John (2006), June 1941: Hitler and Stalin, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-11437-0 
  • Micgiel, John (1997), ""Bandits and Reactionaries": The Suppression of the Opposition in Poland, 1944–1946", dalam Gibianskii, Leonid; Naimark, Norman, The Establishment of Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe, 1944–1949, Westview Press, ISBN 0-8133-3534-5 
  • Miller, Roger Gene (2000), To Save a City: The Berlin Airlift, 1948–1949, Texas A&M University Press, ISBN 0-89096-967-1 
  • Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan (2001), A War to be Won: Fighting the Second World War, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-00680-1 
  • Navrátil, Jaromír (2006), The Prague Spring 1968: A National Security Archive Document Reader (National Security Archive Cold War Readers), Central European University Press, ISBN 963-7326-67-7 
  • Nekrich, Aleksandr Moiseevich; Ulam, Adam Bruno; Freeze, Gregory L. (1997), Pariahs, Partners, Predators: German–Soviet Relations, 1922–1941, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-10676-9 
  • O'Connor, Kevin (2003), The history of the Baltic States, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-32355-0 
  • O'Neil, Patrick (1997), Post-communism and the Media in Eastern Europe, Routledge, ISBN 0-7146-4765-9 
  • Olsen, Neil (2000), Albania, Oxfam, ISBN 0-85598-432-5 
  • Overy, R. J. (2004), The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-02030-4 
  • Pearson, Raymond (1998), The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire, Macmillan, ISBN 0-312-17407-1 
  • Philipsen, Dirk (1993), We were the people: voices from East Germany's revolutionary autumn of 1989, Duke University Press, ISBN 0-8223-1294-8 
  • Pollack, Detlef; Wielgohs, Jan (2004), Dissent and Opposition in Communist Eastern Europe: Origins of Civil Society and Democratic Transition, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 0-7546-3790-5 
  • Puddington, Arch (2003), Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 0-8131-9045-2 
  • Roberts, Geoffrey (2006), Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-11204-1 
  • Roberts, Geoffrey (2002), Stalin, the Pact with Nazi Germany, and the Origins of Postwar Soviet Diplomatic Historiography, 4 (4) 
  • Roht-Arriaza, Naomi (1995), Impunity and human rights in international law and practice, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508136-6 
  • Saxonberg, Steven (2001), The Fall: A Comparative Study of the End of Communism in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary and Poland, Routledge, ISBN 90-5823-097-X 
  • Sharman, Jason Campbell (2003), Repression and Resistance in Communist Europe, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-30669-8 
  • Shirer, William L. (1990), The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 0-671-72868-7 
  • Teichova, Alice; Matis, Herbert (2003), Nation, State, and the Economy in History, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-79278-9 
  • Turner, Henry Ashby (1987), The Two Germanies Since 1945: East and West, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-03865-8 
  • Turnock, David (1997), The East European economy in context: communism and transition, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-08626-4 
  • Wegner, Bernd (1997), From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia, and the World, 1939–1941, Berghahn Books, ISBN 1-57181-882-0 
  • Weinberg, Gerhard L. (1995), A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-55879-4 
  • Wettig, Gerhard (2008), Stalin and the Cold War in Europe, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7425-5542-6 
  • Williams, Kieran (1997), The Prague Spring and its Aftermath: Czechoslovak Politics, 1968–1970, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-58803-0 
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Tanggal penerbitan:
Politik Blok Timur mengikuti pendudukan sebagian besar Eropa Tengah dan Timur oleh Tentara Merah pada akhir Perang Dunia II dan pengangkatan pemerintahan Marxis Leninis yang dikendalikan oleh Uni Soviet di wilayah yang kemudian disebut sebagai Blok Timur melalui proses politik blok dan penindasan Pemerintahan tersebut mengandung unsur unsur demokrais perwakilan seperti parlemen pemilu dan terkadang berbagai parpol untuk mengawali proses tersebut 1 Sebuah foto propaganda dari seorang warga yang membaca Manifesto PKWN yang disunting oleh Joseph Stalin disebarkan setelah pendudukan Polandia oleh Soviet pada tahun 1944 pada masa Perang Dunia II sebelum negara tersebut diubah menjadi Republik Rakyat Polandia Catatan sunting Applebaum Anne 2012 Iron Curtain The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944 1956 nbsp United States Knopf Doubleday ISBN 9780385515696 Referensi suntingBeschloss Michael R 2003 The Conquerors Roosevelt Truman and the Destruction of Hitler s Germany 1941 1945 Simon and Schuster ISBN 0 7432 6085 6 Berthon Simon Potts Joanna 2007 Warlords An Extraordinary Re creation of World War II Through the Eyes and Minds of Hitler Churchill Roosevelt and Stalin Da Capo Press ISBN 978 0 306 81538 6 Bideleux Robert Jeffries Ian 2007 A History of Eastern Europe Crisis and Change Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 36626 7 Bocker Anita 1998 Regulation of Migration International Experiences Het Spinhuis ISBN 90 5589 095 2 Brackman Roman 2001 The Secret File of Joseph Stalin A Hidden Life Frank Cass Publishers ISBN 0 7146 5050 1 Cook Bernard A 2001 Europe Since 1945 An Encyclopedia Taylor amp Francis ISBN 0 8153 4057 5 Crampton R J 1997 Eastern Europe in the twentieth century and after Routledge ISBN 0 415 16422 2 Dale Gareth 2005 Popular Protest in East Germany 1945 1989 Judgements on the Street Routledge ISBN 0714654086 Deletant Dennis 1995 Ceausescu and the Securitate coercion and dissent in Romania 1965 1989 M E Sharpe ISBN 1 56324 633 3 Dowty Alan 1989 Closed Borders The Contemporary Assault on Freedom of Movement Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 04498 4 Ericson Edward E 1999 Feeding the German Eagle Soviet Economic Aid to Nazi Germany 1933 1941 Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0 275 96337 3 Frucht Richard C 2003 Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism Taylor amp Francis Group ISBN 0 203 80109 1 Gaddis John Lewis 2005 The Cold War A New History Penguin Press ISBN 1 59420 062 9 Goertz Gary 1995 Contexts of International Politics Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 46972 4 Gorodetsky Gabriel 2001 Grand Delusion Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia Yale University Press ISBN 0300084595 Graubard Stephen R 1991 Eastern Europe Central Europe Europe Westview Press ISBN 0 8133 1189 6 Grenville John Ashley Soames 2005 A History of the World from the 20th to the 21st Century Routledge ISBN 0 415 28954 8 Grenville John Ashley Soames Wasserstein Bernard 2001 The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century A History and Guide with Texts nbsp Taylor amp Francis ISBN 0 415 23798 X Grogin Robert C 2001 Natural Enemies The United States and the Soviet Union in the Cold War 1917 1991 Lexington Books ISBN 0 7391 0160 9 Gross Jan 1997 War as Revolution dalam Gibianskii Leonid Naimark Norman The Establishment of Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe 1944 1949 nbsp Westview Press ISBN 0 8133 3534 5 Hardt John Pearce Kaufman Richard F 1995 East Central European Economies in Transition M E Sharpe ISBN 1 56324 612 0 Harrison Hope Millard 2003 Driving the Soviets Up the Wall Soviet East German Relations 1953 1961 Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 09678 3 Koehler John O 2000 Stasi the untold story of the East German secret police Westview Press ISBN 0 8133 3744 5 Krasnov Vladislav 1985 Soviet Defectors The KGB Wanted List Hoover Press ISBN 0 8179 8231 0 Laqueur Walter 1994 The dream that failed reflections on the Soviet Union Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 510282 7 Lipschitz Leslie McDonald Donogh 1990 German unification economic issues nbsp International Monetary Fund ISBN 1 55775 200 1 Lukacs John 2006 June 1941 Hitler and Stalin Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 11437 0 Micgiel John 1997 Bandits and Reactionaries The Suppression of the Opposition in Poland 1944 1946 dalam Gibianskii Leonid Naimark Norman The Establishment of Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe 1944 1949 nbsp Westview Press ISBN 0 8133 3534 5 Miller Roger Gene 2000 To Save a City The Berlin Airlift 1948 1949 Texas A amp M University Press ISBN 0 89096 967 1 Murray Williamson Millett Allan 2001 A War to be Won Fighting the Second World War Harvard University Press ISBN 0 674 00680 1 Navratil Jaromir 2006 The Prague Spring 1968 A National Security Archive Document Reader National Security Archive Cold War Readers Central European University Press ISBN 963 7326 67 7 Nekrich Aleksandr Moiseevich Ulam Adam Bruno Freeze Gregory L 1997 Pariahs Partners Predators German Soviet Relations 1922 1941 Columbia University Press ISBN 0 231 10676 9 O Connor Kevin 2003 The history of the Baltic States Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0 313 32355 0 O Neil Patrick 1997 Post communism and the Media in Eastern Europe Routledge ISBN 0 7146 4765 9 Olsen Neil 2000 Albania Oxfam ISBN 0 85598 432 5 Overy R J 2004 The Dictators Hitler s Germany and Stalin s Russia W W Norton amp Company ISBN 0 393 02030 4 Pearson Raymond 1998 The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire Macmillan ISBN 0 312 17407 1 Philipsen Dirk 1993 We were the people voices from East Germany s revolutionary autumn of 1989 Duke University Press ISBN 0 8223 1294 8 Pollack Detlef Wielgohs Jan 2004 Dissent and Opposition in Communist Eastern Europe Origins of Civil Society and Democratic Transition Ashgate Publishing Ltd ISBN 0 7546 3790 5 Puddington Arch 2003 Broadcasting Freedom The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty nbsp University Press of Kentucky ISBN 0 8131 9045 2 Roberts Geoffrey 2006 Stalin s Wars From World War to Cold War 1939 1953 Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 11204 1 Roberts Geoffrey 2002 Stalin the Pact with Nazi Germany and the Origins of Postwar Soviet Diplomatic Historiography 4 4 Roht Arriaza Naomi 1995 Impunity and human rights in international law and practice Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 508136 6 Saxonberg Steven 2001 The Fall A Comparative Study of the End of Communism in Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary and Poland Routledge ISBN 90 5823 097 X Sharman Jason Campbell 2003 Repression and Resistance in Communist Europe Routledge ISBN 0 415 30669 8 Shirer William L 1990 The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich A History of Nazi Germany Simon and Schuster ISBN 0 671 72868 7 Teichova Alice Matis Herbert 2003 Nation State and the Economy in History Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 79278 9 Turner Henry Ashby 1987 The Two Germanies Since 1945 East and West Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 03865 8 Turnock David 1997 The East European economy in context communism and transition Routledge ISBN 0 415 08626 4 Wegner Bernd 1997 From Peace to War Germany Soviet Russia and the World 1939 1941 Berghahn Books ISBN 1 57181 882 0 Weinberg Gerhard L 1995 A World at Arms A Global History of World War II Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 55879 4 Wettig Gerhard 2008 Stalin and the Cold War in Europe Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 978 0 7425 5542 6 Williams Kieran 1997 The Prague Spring and its Aftermath Czechoslovak Politics 1968 1970 Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 58803 0 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Politik Blok Timur amp oldid 22611215