Perang Saudara Libya Kedua

Perang Saudara Libya Kedua adalah perang saudara multi-sisi yang berlangsung dari 2014 hingga 2020 di Afrika Utara di negara Libya yang bertempur antara kelompok bersenjata yang berbeda, terutama Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Pemerintah Kesepakatan Nasional.

Perang Saudara Libya Kedua
Bagian dari Kekerasan pascaperang saudara di Libya
Tanggal 16 May 2014 – 23 Oktober 2020 Lokasi Libya Hasil Gencatan senjata Gencatan senjata permanen disahkan pada 23 Oktober 2020 Pemerintah Persatuan Nasional dibentuk pada 10 Maret 2021
Main belligerents
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (basis-Tobruk) Tentara Nasional Libya  Angkatan Udara Libya (Dugaan-LNA)  Libyan Navy (Dugaan-LNA) Others: brigade Zintan JEM (from 2016) SLM/A-Minnawi Loyalis Khadafi Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya Warshefana militias Grup Wagner (sejak 2018) Egypt Uni Emirat Arab  Sudan (RSF) (since 2019)  Syria (since 2020) Support:  Russia  France  Saudi Arabia  Chad  Jordan  Belarus  Greece  Israel (diduga, ditolak oleh LNA)	Pemerintah Kesepakatan Nasional (basis-Tripoli) (sejak 2016) Templat:Tentara  Angkatan Udara Libya (selaras dengan GNA)  Libyan Navy (selaras dengan GNA) Others: Pengawal Kepresidenan Brigade Misrata Brigade Revolusi Sabratha Penjaga Fasilitas Perminyakan Brigade Tripoli (sampai 2018) Pasukan Perlindungan Tripoli (sejak 2018) Angkatan Ketiga Misratan Milisi Tuareg di Ghat Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya Pemberontak Chad (FACT, CCMSR, URF and UFDD) Templat:Country data oposisi Suriah Tentara Nasional Suriah (sejak 2019)  Turki (sejak 2020) Support:  Qatar  Sudan (until 2019)  Pakistan  Iran  Moroko  Aljazair  Tunisia  Malta  Italia  Uni Eropa (kecuali Yunani, Siprus dan Prancis)  United Kingdom  United States  Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa	Pemerintah Keselamatan Nasional (2014–2017) Pasukan Perisai Libya LROR Libyan National Guard Support:  Sudan (2014–16)  Turki (2014–16)  Qatar (2014–16)  Iran (allegedly) Dewan Syura Revolusioner Benghazi (2014–2017) al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (2014–2017) SCBR militia: Ansar al-Syariah (2014–2017) Libya Shield 1 (2014–16) February 17th Martyrs Brigade Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade Others: Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna (2014–18) Ansar al-Sharia (Derna) (2014–18) Abu Salim Martyrs (2014–15) Benghazi Defense Brigades Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council (2015–16) Derna Protection Force	ISIS (from 2014) Wilayat Barqa Wilayat Tarabulus Wilayat Fezzan Support: AQIM (2014–2015; alleged in 2016)
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Aguila Saleh Issa (Presiden Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) Abdullah al-Thani (Perdana Menteri) FM Khalifa Haftar (Komandan Tertinggi LNA) Gen. Abdulrazek al-Nadoori (Chief of the General Staff of the LNA) Col. Wanis Abu Khamada (Commander of Libyan Special Forces) Brig. Gen. Almabrook Suhban (Chief of Staff of the Libyan Ground Forces) Brig. Gen. Saqr Geroushi (Chief of Staff of the Libyan Air Force) (LNA-aligned) Adm. Faraj al-Mahdawi (Chief of Staff of the Libyan Navy) (LNA-aligned) Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (Candidate for President of Libya)	Fayez al-Sarraj (Ketua Dewan Presiden dan Perdana Menteri) Fathi Bashagha (Menteri dalam Negwri) Salah Eddine al-Namrush (Menteri Pertahanan) Jenderal. Mohammad Ali al-Haddad (Kepala Staf Umum Tentara Libya) Abdul Hakim Abu Hawliyeh (Chief of the Libyan Navy) (GNA-aligned) Col. Rida Issa (Commander of Libyan Navy) (GNA-aligned) Maj. Gen. Osama Juwaili (Commander of the Western Military Zone) Maj. Gen. Abubaker Marwan (Commander of Tripoli Military Zone) Maj. Gen. Mohamed Elhadad (Commander of the Central Military Zone) Gen. Ali Kanna (Commander of the Southern Military Zone)	Nouri Abusahmain (2014–16) (President of the GNC) Khalifa al-Ghawil (2015–2017) (Prime Minister) Sadiq Al-Ghariani (Grand Mufti) Abu Khalid al Madani † (Ansar al-Sharia Leader) Mokhtar Belmokhtar (Commander of Al-Mourabitoun, believed dead) Musa Abu Dawud † (AQIM southern Zone commander) Mohamed al-Zahawi † (Former Ansar al-Sharia Leader) Ateyah Al-Shaari DMSC / DPF leader Wissam Ben Hamid † (Libya Shield 1 Commander) Salim Derby † (Commander of Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade)	Abu Nabil al-Anbari † (Top ISIL leader in Libya) Templat:Country data Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant Abu Hudhayfah al-Muhajir (ISIL governor of Wilayat Tripolitania)
Korban
10,168+ terbunuh

Kongres Nasional Umum (GNC), yang berbasis di Libya barat dan didukung oleh berbagai milisi dengan beberapa dukungan dari Qatar dan Turki, awalnya menerima hasil pemilu 2014, tetapi menolaknya setelah Mahkamah Konstitusi Agung membatalkan amandemen terkait peta jalan untuk transisi Libya dan pemilu HoR.^[13] Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (atau Dewan Deputi) mengendalikan Libya timur dan tengah dan memiliki loyalitas dari Tentara Nasional Libya (LNA), dan telah didukung oleh serangan udara oleh Mesir dan Uni Emirat Arab. Karena kontroversi tentang amandemen konstitusi, HoR menolak untuk menjabat dari GNC di Tripoli, yang dikendalikan oleh kelompok-kelompok Islam bersenjata dari Misrata. Sebaliknya, HoR mendirikan parlemennya di Tobruk, yang dikendalikan oleh pasukan Jenderal Haftar. Pada bulan Desember 2015,Perjanjian Politik Libya ditandatangani setelah pembicaraan di Skhirat, sebagai hasil dari negosiasi yang berlarut-larut antara kubu politik saingan yang berbasis di Tripoli, Tobruk, dan di tempat lain yang sepakat untuk bersatu sebagai Pemerintah Kesepakatan Nasional. Pada 30 Maret 2016, Fayez Sarraj, kepala GNA, tiba di Tripoli dan mulai bekerja dari sana meskipun ada tentangan dari GNC.

Selain ketiga faksi tersebut, ada: Islamis Dewan Syura Revolusioner Benghazi, yang dipimpin oleh Ansar al-Sharia, yang mendapat dukungan dari GNC dan kekalahan di Benghazi pada tahun 2017; the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant's (ISIL's) Libyan provinces; Dewan Syura Mujahidin di Derna yang mengusir ISIS dari Derna pada Juli 2015 dan kemudian dikalahkan di Derna oleh pemerintah Tobruk pada 2018; as well as other armed groups and militias whose allegiances often change.

Pada Mei 2016, GNA dan GNC meluncurkan serangan bersama untuk merebut area di dalam dan sekitar Sirte dari ISIS. Serangan ini mengakibatkan ISIS kehilangan kendali atas semua wilayah penting yang sebelumnya dikuasai di Libya. Kemudian pada tahun 2016, pasukan yang setia kepada Khalifa al-Ghawil mencoba kudeta melawan Fayez al-Sarraj dan Dewan Presiden dari GNA.

Pada 23 Oktober 2020, 5+5 Komisi Militer Gabungan Libya yang mewakili LNA dan GNA mencapai "perjanjian gencatan senjata permanen di semua wilayah Libya". Perjanjian tersebut, yang berlaku segera, mengharuskan semua pejuang asing meninggalkan Libya dalam waktu tiga bulan sementara pasukan polisi gabungan akan berpatroli di daerah-daerah yang disengketakan. Penerbangan komersial pertama antara Tripoli dan Benghazi berlangsung pada hari yang sama. Pada 10 Maret 2021, sebuah pemerintah persatuan sementara dibentuk, dan dijadwalkan akan tetap berlaku sampai Pemilu umum Libya 2021 pada bulan Desember.

Referensi

1. "Rival Libyan factions sign UN-backed peace deal". Al Jazeera. 17 December 2015. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2015. 
2. "Libya's rival factions sign UN peace deal, despite resistance". Times of Malta. 17 December 2015. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2015. 
3. Mohamed, Esam; Michael, Maggie (20 May 2014). . ABC News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 May 2014. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2014.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
4. al-Warfalli, Ayman; Laessing, Ulf (19 May 2014). . Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 May 2014. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2014.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
5. Abdul-Wahab, Ashraf (5 August 2014). . Libya Herald. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2014.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
6. . Libya Observer. 10 October 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-03-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-27. 
7. Alharath, Safa (17 June 2018). . Libya Observer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-28. Diakses tanggal 29 December 2018. 
8. Adel, Jamal (19 January 2019). "Terror suspects killed in large LNA operation in south Libya". Libya Herald. Diakses tanggal 28 February 2019. 
9. "Gaddafi loyalists join West in battle to push Islamic State from Libya". The Daily Telegraph. 7 May 2016. 
10. "After six years in jail, Gaddafi's son Saif plots return to Libya's turbulent politics". The Guardian. 6 December 2017. The Warshefana tribal militia, Gaddafi loyalists who controlled some of the area around Tripoli, were routed last month by rival forces from Zintan 
11. "Jordan arming Libya's Haftar with armored vehicles and weapons". 23 May 2019. 
12. "Wagner, shadowy Russian military group, 'fighting in Libya'". BBC. 7 May 2020. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2020. 
13. Kirkpatrick, David D. (5 November 2019). "Russian Snipers, Missiles and Warplanes Try to Tilt Libyan War". The New York Times. 
14. "Number of Russian mercenaries fighting for Haftar in Libya rises to 1400, report says". 16 November 2019. 
15. "Macron slams Turkey's 'criminal' role in Libya, Putin's ambivalence". Reuters. 29 June 2020. 
16. "Exclusive: Russian private security firm says it had armed men in east Libya". Reuters. 13 March 2017. 
17. "UAE and Egypt behind bombing raids against Libyan militias, say US officials". The Guardian. 26 August 2014. 
18. "Is Egypt bombing the right militants in Libya?". Reuters. 31 May 2017. 
19. "Egypt's parliament approves troop deployment to Libya". Al Jazeera. 20 July 2020. 
20. "Libya migrant attack: UN investigators suspect foreign jet bombed centre". BBC News. 6 November 2019. 
21. "UAE drone strike on factory near Tripoli killed 8 civilians: HRW". Al Jazeera. 29 April 2020. 
22. "UAE implicated in lethal drone strike in Libya". BBC News. 27 August 2020. 
23. de Waal, Alex (20 July 2019). . BBC News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 July 2019. Diakses tanggal 21 July 2019.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
24. Vohra, Anchal (5 May 2020). "It's Syrian vs. Syrian in Libya". Foreign Policy. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2020. 
25. Pamuk, Humeyra (7 May 2020). "U.S. says Russia is working with Syria's Assad to move militia to Libya". Reuters. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2020. 
26. "First fighter of Russian-backed Syrian mercenaries killed in Libya's battles, and number of recruits jumps to 450". SOHR. 24 May 2020. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2020. 
27. "Putin Promotes Libyan Strongman as New Ally After Syria Victory". Bloomberg. 21 December 2016. 
28. Bachir, Malek (30 January 2017). "Russia's secret plan to back Haftar in Libya". Middle East Eye. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2017. 
29. Bar'el, Zvi (13 April 2019). "Analysis From Bouteflika to Bashir, Powers Shift. But the Second Arab Spring Is Far From Breaking Out". Haaretz. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2019. 
30. Taylor, Paul (17 April 2019). "France's double game in Libya". POLITICO. 
31. "Tripoli interior ministry accuses France of supporting Haftar, ends cooperation". Reuters. 18 April 2019 – via www.reuters.com. 
32. "'Our Hearts Are Dead.' After 9 Years of Civil War, Libyans Are Tired of Being Pawns in a Geopolitical Game of Chess". time.com. 12 February 2020. Diakses tanggal 2020-05-25. 
33. . The Libya Observer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 August 2017. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2017.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
34. "Khalifa Haftar says Egypt and Chad are his top supporters". Libyan Express. 6 September 2016. 
35. "Jordan pledges support for Libya in talks with General Haftar". Al Arabiya. 13 April 2015. 
36. "King renews support for Libya's national concord". The Jordan Times. 20 August 2017. Diakses tanggal 25 August 2017. 
37. Ltd, Allied Newspapers. "Libya needs international maritime force to help stop illicit oil, weapons – UN experts". Times of Malta. Diakses tanggal 18 May 2019. 
38. Беларусь увайшла ў спіс найбуйнейшых сусветных экспарцёраў зброі 2020-02-09 di Wayback Machine. — Tut.by, 21 лютага 2018
39. Greece’s Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias Visits Libya, Dendias noted that Haftar’s position is aligned with Greece’s.
40. "Haftar and Israel: From animosity to alliance. Tel Aviv provides Haftar militias with training and weapons as Libya may become new market for Israel's military exports". Anadolu Agency. 28 July 2020. 
41. Silverstein, Richard. "Haftar: Israeli secret aid to Libya's strongman reveals a new friend in Africa". Middle East Eye. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2020. 
42. "Libya's Haftar 'provided with Israeli military aid following UAE-mediated meetings with Mossad agents'". The New Arab. 24 July 2017. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2020. 
43. "Libya's Haftar had lengthy meeting with Israeli intelligence officer". Middle East Monitor. 3 July 2018. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2020. 
44. "Libya: Flight data places mysterious planes in Haftar territory". Al Jazeera. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2020. 
45. . Al-Masdar News. 10 June 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-12-24. Diakses tanggal 24 June 2016. 
46. "Presidential Guard established". Libya Herald. 9 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 9 May 2016. 
47. "Misrata brigades and municipality form security chamber to enable GNA to operate from Tripoli". Libyan Express. 28 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2016. 
48. "Sabratha revolutionary brigades announce full support for GNA". Libyan Express. 21 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2016. 
49. . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 April 2017. Diakses tanggal 28 February 2017.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
50. . Libyan Express. 2 January 2017. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 May 2018. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2017.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
51. . Libyaprospect. 4 April 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-04-20. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2016. 
52. McGregor, Andrew (7 September 2017). . Aberfoyle International Security. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 March 2019. Diakses tanggal 1 March 2019.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
53. "Rebel Incursion Exposes Chad's Weaknesses". Crisis Group. 13 February 2019. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2019. 
54. . www.xinhuanet.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-12-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-27. 
55. "France's Macron slams Turkey's 'criminal' role in Libya". Al Jazeera. 30 June 2020. 
56. "France-Turkey spat over Libya arms exposes NATO's limits". Associated Press. 5 July 2020. 
57. "Turkey warns Egypt over Libya and lashes out at Macron's role". Japan Times. 20 July 2020. 
58. "Abdulrahman Sewehli thanks Qatari Emir for his support". 13 March 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2017. 
59. "Sudan reiterates support for Presidency Council but concerned about Darfuri rebels in Libya". Libya Herald. 1 May 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2017. 
60. . www.libyaobserver.ly. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-27. 
61. "Libyans Fear Rapprochement Between GNA, Pakistan". Asharq AL-awsat. 
62. "Iran FM voices support for Turkey-backed Libya government". Middle East Monitor. 17 June 2020. , June 17, 2020
63. "Morocco renews support to GNA as only legitimate party in Libya | The North Africa Post". northafricapost.com. 
64. "Serraj on another Algeria visit seeking solution to Libyan political impasse". Libya Herald. 25 December 2016. 
65. Alharathy, Safa. (16 April 2020). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-21. Diakses tanggal 17 April 2020. 
66. Martin, Ivan (25 July 2020). . Times of Malta. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 July 2020. 
67. "Di Maio assures Al-Sarraj of Italy's support for GNA and political track". Alwasat. 6 May 2020. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2020. 
68. "Al-Serraj and Mogherini discuss more EU support for GNA". Libya Express. 18 January 2017. 
69. "Libya Foreign Ministry: 'Britain stands with GNA'". 18 April 2020. Diakses tanggal 23 April 2020. 
70. "US Ambassador Norland reaffirms partnership with GNA Libya and urges all parties in Libya to support peace". Twitter. U.S. Embassy – Libya. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2020. 
71. "US Ambassador Reaffirms Partnership with GNA, Urges All Parties to Support Peace". Facebook. U.S. Embassy Libya. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2020. 
72. Elumami, Ahmed (5 April 2016). "Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down". Reuters – via www.reuters.com. 
73. Mikhail, George (15 February 2018). "Can Cairo talks succeed in uniting Libya's divided armed forces?". Al Monitor. 
74. "Libyan Dawn: Map of allies and enemies". Al Arabiya. 25 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 25 August 2014. 
75. "LNA targets Tripoli and Zuwara but pulls back troops in Aziziya area". Libya Herald. 21 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2015. 
76. "Libya Observer". Facebook. 10 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2015. 
77. "Ghwell's Libyan National Guard militia joining fighting in south". Libya Herald. 16 April 2017. 
78. . The Cairo Post. 23 March 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2015.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
79. Kirkpatrick, David D; Schmitt, Eric (25 August 2014). "Egypt and United Arab Emirates Said to Have Secretly Carried Out Libya Airstrikes". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 25 August 2014. 
80. . 25 May 2017. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-01-02. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2017. 
81. "LNA's Mismari accuses Sudan, Qatar and Iran of backing terrorism in Libya". Libya Herald. 22 June 2017. 
82. [Twenty-eight Al-Saiqa fighters killed in Benghazi since the beginning of clashes with Ansar al-Sharia]. Youm7. 29 July 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2014.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
83. [Worsening of security in Benghazi and Tripoli as new war approaches]. Al-Arab. 27 July 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2014.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
84. Bill Roggio and Alexandra Gutowski (28 March 2018). "American forces kill senior al Qaeda leader in Libya". Long War Journal. 28 March 2018. 
85. "Libyan Islamist group Ansar al-Sharia says it is dissolving". Reuters. 27 May 2017. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2017. 
86. . The Libya Observer. 2 June 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-06-03. Diakses tanggal 14 August 2016. 
87. "Benghazi Defense Brigades advance toward Benghazi". Libyan Express. 16 July 2016. Diakses tanggal 14 August 2016. 
88. "Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb says Mokhtar Belmokhtar is 'alive and well'". The Long War Journal. 19 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 1 July 2015. 
89. "Libyan city declares itself part of Islamic State caliphate". CP24. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2015. 
90. "Islamic State Expanding into North Africa". Der Spiegel. Hamburg, DE. 18 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2014. 
91. "ISIS comes to Libya". CNN. 18 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 20 November 2014. 
92. Schmitt, Eric; Kirkpatrick, David D. (14 February 2015). "Islamic State Sprouting Limbs Beyond Its Base". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 13 March 2015. 
93. "Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb". Stanford University. 1 July 2016. 
94. . Al Monitor. 2 July 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 March 2017. Diakses tanggal 22 January 2017.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
95. "ISIS, Al Qaeda In Africa: US Commander Warns Of Collaboration Between AQIM And Islamic State Group". International Business Times. 12 February 2016. 
96. "Libyan lawmakers approve gov't of PM-designate Dbeibah". Al Jazeera. 10 March 2021. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2021. 
97. Libya Prime Minister
98. "Hassi changes his mind, hands over to Ghwell". Libya Herald. 2 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 9 June 2015. 
99. "Ansar al Sharia Libya fights on under new leader". The Long War Journal. 30 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 2 July 2015. 
100. "Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb says Mokhtar Belmokhtar is 'alive and well'". The Long War Journal. 19 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 2 July 2015. 
101. "Leader of Libyan Islamists Ansar al-Sharia dies of wounds". Reuters. 23 January 2015. Diakses tanggal 23 January 2015. 
102. "Wissam Ben Hamid dead says arrested Ansar spokesman; 13 militants reported to have blown themselves up". Libyan Herald. 6 January 2017. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2017. 
103. "Islamists clash in Derna, Abu Sleem leader reported killed". Libya Herald. 10 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 11 June 2015. 
104. . TheMagrebiNote. 22 April 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 July 2015. Diakses tanggal 2 July 2015.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
105. "Statement from Pentagon Press Secretary Peter Cook on Nov. 13 airstrike in Libya > U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE > News Release View". Defense.gov. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2015. 
106. Joscelyn, Thomas (7 December 2016). "Pentagon: Islamic State has lost its safe haven in Sirte, Libya". Long War Journal. Diakses tanggal 9 December 2016. 
107. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Body Count
108. "Death toll in Libya last year was 433". Middle East Monitor. 2 January 2018. Diakses tanggal 18 May 2019. 
109. . Libya Observer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-07-09. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2019. 
110. "Libyan warlord Haftar leaves Moscow without signing ceasefire deal". The Guardian. 14 January 2020. 
     ONE YEAR OF DESTRUCTIVE WAR IN LIBYA, UNSMIL RENEWS CALLS FOR IMMEDIATE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES AND UNITY TO COMBAT COVID-19
     Negotiated Solution in Libya Crucial as Foreign Interference Grows, Thousands Flee Homes, Secretary-General Warns Security Council, Stressing Time ‘Not on Our Side’
111. . Conflict News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2015.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
     National Post View (24 February 2015). "National Post View: Stabilizing Libya may be the best way to keep Europe safe". National Post. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2015. 
112. Stephen, Chris (29 August 2014). "War in Libya – The Guardian briefing". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 19 February 2015. 
113. "Libya's Legitimacy Crisis". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 20 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2015. 
114. "That it should come to this". The Economist. 10 January 2015. 
115. "Bashir says Sudan to work with UAE to control fighting in Libya". Al-Ahram Online. 23 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2015. 
116. . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 March 2018.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
117. "UN welcomes 'historic' signing of Libyan Political Agreement". UN. 17 December 2015. 
118. Stephen, Chris (30 March 2016). "Chief of Libya's new UN-backed government arrives in Tripoli". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 28 December 2018. 
119. "Ansar Al-Sharia Claims Control Of Benghazi, Declares Islamic Emirate In Libya". The International Business Times. 1 August 2014. 
     "Libyan army says recaptures four barracks in Benghazi". The Star. 31 October 2014. 
120. . Xinhua News Agency. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-12-28. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-27. 
121. "Omar Al-Hassi in "beautiful" Ansar row while "100" GNC members meet". Libya Herald. 18 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 14 June 2015. 
122. "Why Picking Sides in Libya won't work". Foreign Policy. 6 March 2015.  "Salah satunya adalah pemerintah yang diakui secara internasional yang berbasis di kota timur Tobruk dan sayap militernya, Operation Dignity, dipimpin oleh Jenderal Khalifa Haftar. Yang lainnya adalah pemerintah Tripoli yang dibentuk oleh koalisi Libya Dawn, yang menggabungkan milisi Islam dengan kelompok bersenjata dari Libya. kota Misrata. Negara Islam baru-baru ini memantapkan dirinya sebagai kekuatan ketiga"
123. "Isis in Libya: Islamic State driven out of Derna stronghold by al-Qaeda-linked militia". International Business Times UK. 15 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 4 July 2015. 
124. "Attack on Sirte "imminent" says Presidency Council's new Operations Room". Libya Herald. 7 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 7 May 2016. 
     "Central Region Joint Operations Room announces all-out war on ISIS in Sirte". Libyan Express. 7 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 7 May 2016. 
125. "Misratans report they have recaptured Abu Grain from IS". Libya Herald. 16 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2016. 
     "Freed Gaddafi loyalists found dead in Libya's Tripoli". Al Jazeera. 12 June 2016. Diakses tanggal 24 June 2016. 
     "Libyan security forces pushing Islamic State back from vicinity of oil terminals". Reuters. 2016-05-31. Diakses tanggal 2016-05-31. 
     . The Libya Observer. 2016-06-09. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-01-02. Diakses tanggal 2016-12-07. 
     "Libyan forces clear last Islamic State hold-out in Sirte". Reuters. Diakses tanggal 6 December 2016. 
     "Libyan forces seize last Daesh positions in Sirte". Daily Sabah. 6 December 2016. Diakses tanggal 6 December 2016. 
126. "US concerned about GNC coup on legitimate government in Libya". Libyan Express. 16 October 2016. 
127. Nebehay, Stephanie; McDowall, Angus (23 October 2020). Jones, Gareth; Maclean, William, ed. "Warring Libya rivals sign truce but tough political talks ahead". Reuters. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2020. 
128. "UN says Libya sides reach 'permanent ceasefire' deal". Al Jazeera. 23 October 2020. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2020.