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Penghakiman massa bahasa Inggris Lynching adalah pembunuhan di luar hukum dini oleh sebuah kelompok Ini sering kali dipa

Penghakiman massa

Penghakiman massa (bahasa Inggris: Lynching) adalah pembunuhan di luar hukum dini oleh sebuah kelompok. Ini sering kali dipakai untuk mengkarakterisasikan eksekusi publik informal oleh sebuah geng dalam rangka menghukum orang yang dituduh bersalah, atau untuk mengintimidasi sebuah kelompok.

Catatan sunting

Referensi sunting

Bacaan tambahan sunting

  • Allen, James (ed.), Hilton Als, John Lewis, and Leon F. Litwack, Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America (Twin Palms Pub: 2000), ISBN 0-944092-69-1 accompanied by an online photographic survey of the history of lynchings in the United States
  • Arellano, Lisa, Vigilantes and Lynch Mobs: Narratives of Community and Nation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2012.
  • Bailey, Amy Kate and Stewart E. Tolnay. Lynched: The Victims of Southern Mob Violence. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2015.
  • Bancroft, H. H., Popular Tribunals (2 vols, San Francisco, 1887).
  • Beck, Elwood M. and Stewart E. Tolnay. "The killing fields of the deep south: the market for cotton and the lynching of blacks, 1882–1930." American Sociological Review (1990): 526–539. online
  • Berg, Manfred, Popular Justice: A History of Lynching in America. Ivan R. Dee, Chicago 2011, ISBN 978-1-56663-802-9.
  • Bernstein, Patricia, The First Waco Horror: The Lynching of Jesse Washington and the Rise of the NAACP. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press (March 2005), hardcover, ISBN 1-58544-416-2
  • Brundage, W. Fitzhugh, Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880–1930, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press (1993), ISBN 0-252-06345-7
  • Caballero, Raymond (2015). Lynching Pascual Orozco, Mexican Revolutionary Hero and Paradox. Create Space. ISBN 978-1514382509. 
  • Crouch, Barry A. "A Spirit of Lawlessness: White violence, Texas Blacks, 1865–1868", Journal of Social History 18 (Winter 1984): 217–26.
  • Collins, Winfield, The Truth about Lynching and the Negro in the South. New York: The Neale Publishing Company, 1918.
  • Cutler, James E., Lynch-Law: An Investigation Into the History of Lynching in the United States (New York, 1905)
  • Dray, Philip, At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America, New York: Random House, 2002).
  • Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. 119–23.
  • Finley, Keith M., Delaying the Dream: Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights, 1938–1965 (Baton Rouge, LSU Press, 2008).
  • Ginzburg, Ralph, 100 Years Of Lynchings, Black Classic Press (1962, 1988) softcover, ISBN 0-933121-18-0
  • Hill, Karlos K. Beyond the Rope: The Impact of Lynching on Black Culture and Memory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
  • Hill, Karlos K. "Black Vigilantism: The Rise and Decline of African American Lynch Mob Activity in the Mississippi and Arkansas Deltas, 1883–1923," Journal of African American History, 95 no. 1 (Winter 2010): 26–43.
  • Ifill, Sherrilyn A., On the Courthouse Lawn: Confronting the Legacy of Lynching in the 21st Century. Boston: Beacon Press (2007).
  • Nevels, Cynthia Skove, Lynching to Belong: claiming Whiteness though racial violence, Texas A&M Press, 2007.
  • Pfeifer, Michael J. (ed.), Lynching Beyond Dixie: American Mob Violence Outside the South. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2013.
  • Rushdy, Ashraf H. A., The End of American Lynching. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2012.
  • Page, Thomas Nelson, "The Lynching of Negroes – Its Cause and Its Prevention," in The Negro: The Southerner's Problem. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1904, pp. 86–119.
  • Stagg, J. C. A., "The Problem of Klan Violence: The South Carolina Upcountry, 1868–1871," Journal of American Studies 8 (December 1974): 303–18.
  • Tolnay, Stewart E. and E. M. Beck, A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882–1930, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press (1995), ISBN 0-252-06413-5
  • Trelease, Allen W., White Terror: The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction, Harper & Row, 1979.
  • Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1900, Mob Rule in New Orleans Robert Charles and His Fight to Death, the Story of His Life, Burning Human Beings Alive, Other Lynching Statistics Gutenberg eBook
  • Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1895, Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its Phases Gutenberg eBook
  • Wood, Amy Louise, "They Never Witnessed Such a Melodrama", Southern Spaces, April 27, 2009.
  • Wood, Joe, Ugly Water, St. Louis: Lulu, 2006.
  • Zangrando, Robert L. The NAACP crusade against lynching, 1909–1950 (1980).

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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Lynchings.
Lihat entri penghakiman massa di kamus bebas Wiktionary.
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Penghakiman massa bahasa Inggris Lynching adalah pembunuhan di luar hukum dini oleh sebuah kelompok Ini sering kali dipakai untuk mengkarakterisasikan eksekusi publik informal oleh sebuah geng dalam rangka menghukum orang yang dituduh bersalah atau untuk mengintimidasi sebuah kelompok Daftar isi 1 Catatan 2 Referensi 3 Bacaan tambahan 4 Pranala liarCatatan suntingReferensi suntingAuslander Mark Holding on to Those Who Can t be Held Reenacting a Lynching at Moore s Ford Georgia Southern Spaces November 8 2010 The Real Judge Lynch December 1901 The Atlantic Monthly Quinones Sam True Tales From Another Mexico the Lynch Mob the Popsicle Kings Chalino and the Bronx University of New Mexico Press recounts a lynching in a small Mexican town in 1998 Without Sanctuary Lynching Photography in America by James Allen Hilton Als United States Rep John Lewis and historian Leon F Litwack Twin Palm Publishers 2000 ISBN 978 0 944092 69 9 Etymology OnLine nbsp Fleming Walter Lynwood 1911 Lynch Law Dalam Chisholm Hugh Encyclopaedia Britannica 17 edisi ke 11 Cambridge University Press hlm 169 Gonzales Day Ken Lynching in the West 1850 1935 Duke University Press 2006 Markovitz Jonathan Legacies of Lynching Racial Violence and Memory University of Minnesota Press 2004 Before the Needles Executions and Lynchings in America Before Lethal Injection Details of thousands of lynchings Houghton Mifflin The Reader s Companion to American History Lynching Lynchings in the State of Iowa Lynchings in America Lyrics to Strange Fruit a protest song about lynching written by Abel Meeropol and recorded by Billie Holiday The Lynching of Big Steve Long Ida B Wells Lynch Law 1893 NAACP Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States 1889 1918 New York City Arno Press 1919 Encyclopedia of Arkansas History amp Culture entry Lynching in Arkansas Smith Tom The Crescent City Lynchings The Murder of Chief Hennessy the New Orleans Mafia Trials and the Parish Prison Mob crescentcitylynchings comBacaan tambahan suntingAllen James ed Hilton Als John Lewis and Leon F Litwack Without Sanctuary Lynching Photography in America Twin Palms Pub 2000 ISBN 0 944092 69 1 accompanied by an online photographic survey of the history of lynchings in the United States Arellano Lisa Vigilantes and Lynch Mobs Narratives of Community and Nation Philadelphia Temple University Press 2012 Bailey Amy Kate and Stewart E Tolnay Lynched The Victims of Southern Mob Violence Chapel Hill NC University of North Carolina Press 2015 Bancroft H H Popular Tribunals 2 vols San Francisco 1887 Beck Elwood M and Stewart E Tolnay The killing fields of the deep south the market for cotton and the lynching of blacks 1882 1930 American Sociological Review 1990 526 539 online Berg Manfred Popular Justice A History of Lynching in America Ivan R Dee Chicago 2011 ISBN 978 1 56663 802 9 Bernstein Patricia The First Waco Horror The Lynching of Jesse Washington and the Rise of the NAACP College Station TX Texas A amp M University Press March 2005 hardcover ISBN 1 58544 416 2 Brundage W Fitzhugh Lynching in the New South Georgia and Virginia 1880 1930 Urbana IL University of Illinois Press 1993 ISBN 0 252 06345 7 Caballero Raymond 2015 Lynching Pascual Orozco Mexican Revolutionary Hero and Paradox Create Space ISBN 978 1514382509 Crouch Barry A A Spirit of Lawlessness White violence Texas Blacks 1865 1868 Journal of Social History 18 Winter 1984 217 26 Collins Winfield The Truth about Lynching and the Negro in the South New York The Neale Publishing Company 1918 Cutler James E Lynch Law An Investigation Into the History of Lynching in the United States New York 1905 Dray Philip At the Hands of Persons Unknown The Lynching of Black America New York Random House 2002 Eric Foner Reconstruction America s Unfinished Revolution 1863 1877 119 23 Finley Keith M Delaying the Dream Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights 1938 1965 Baton Rouge LSU Press 2008 Ginzburg Ralph 100 Years Of Lynchings Black Classic Press 1962 1988 softcover ISBN 0 933121 18 0 Hill Karlos K Beyond the Rope The Impact of Lynching on Black Culture and Memory New York Cambridge University Press 2016 Hill Karlos K Black Vigilantism The Rise and Decline of African American Lynch Mob Activity in the Mississippi and Arkansas Deltas 1883 1923 Journal of African American History 95 no 1 Winter 2010 26 43 Ifill Sherrilyn A On the Courthouse Lawn Confronting the Legacy of Lynching in the 21st Century Boston Beacon Press 2007 Nevels Cynthia Skove Lynching to Belong claiming Whiteness though racial violence Texas A amp M Press 2007 Pfeifer Michael J ed Lynching Beyond Dixie American Mob Violence Outside the South Urbana IL University of Illinois Press 2013 Rushdy Ashraf H A The End of American Lynching New Brunswick NJ Rutgers University Press 2012 Page Thomas Nelson The Lynching of Negroes Its Cause and Its Prevention in The Negro The Southerner s Problem New York Charles Scribner s Sons 1904 pp 86 119 Stagg J C A The Problem of Klan Violence The South Carolina Upcountry 1868 1871 Journal of American Studies 8 December 1974 303 18 Tolnay Stewart E and E M Beck A Festival of Violence An Analysis of Southern Lynchings 1882 1930 Urbana and Chicago University of Illinois Press 1995 ISBN 0 252 06413 5 Trelease Allen W White Terror The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction Harper amp Row 1979 Wells Barnett Ida B 1900 Mob Rule in New Orleans Robert Charles and His Fight to Death the Story of His Life Burning Human Beings Alive Other Lynching Statistics Gutenberg eBook Wells Barnett Ida B 1895 Southern Horrors Lynch Law in all its Phases Gutenberg eBook Wood Amy Louise They Never Witnessed Such a Melodrama Southern Spaces April 27 2009 Wood Joe Ugly Water St Louis Lulu 2006 Zangrando Robert L The NAACP crusade against lynching 1909 1950 1980 Pranala liar sunting nbsp Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Lynchings nbsp Lihat entri penghakiman massa di kamus bebas Wiktionary Taking History Personnally a text on the Marion lynching by Cynthia Carr Yes ISIS Burned a Man Alive White Americans Did the Same Thing to Black People by the Thousands Feb 2015 Dailykos Richardson Dixie Kline 1891 Lynching Remains a Mystery Diarsipkan 2017 08 15 di Wayback Machine Spencer Evening World Spencer Indiana August 4 2014 McKee Robert Guy 2013 Lynchings in modern Kenya and inequitable access to basic resources A major human rights scandal and one contributing cause Web access Diarsipkan 2017 12 15 di Wayback Machine Cotter Holland The Legacy of Lynching at the Brooklyn Museum Documents Violent Racism New York Times July 26 2017 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Penghakiman massa amp oldid 19621929