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Pengepungan Legasi Internasional terjadi pada musim panas 1900 di Peking sekarang Beijing ibu kota Kekaisaran Qing selam

Pengepungan Legasi Internasional

Pengepungan Legasi Internasional terjadi pada musim panas 1900 di Peking (sekarang Beijing), ibu kota Kekaisaran Qing, selama Pemberontakan Boxer. Orang-orang asing yang sebagian besar berasal dari Eropa, Amerika Serikat dan Jepang termasuk 900 tentara dan marinirnya ditambah sekitar 2.800 orang Tiongkok yang beragama Kristen mengungsi ke markas legasi (kedutaan kecil) yang ada di Beijing, setelah mereka diancam oleh para Pemberontak Boxer dan Gerakan Petani anti-asing dan anti-Kristen.

Pengepungan Legasi Internasional
Bagian dari Pemberontakan Boxer

Saya coba, Pak!. Pasukan Amerika membakar tembok Peking. Lukisan yang menggambarkan ketika prajurit peniup terompet Calvin Titus menjadi orang pertama yang memanjat tembok itu dan ia kemudian dianugerahi Medal of Honor.
Tanggal20 Juni – 4 Agustus, 1900
LokasiPeking, Tiongkok.
Koordinat: 39°54′11″N 116°24′06″E / 39.90306°N 116.40167°E / 39.90306; 116.40167
Hasil Aliansi Delapan Negara menang
Pihak terlibat
Aliansi Delapan Negara:
  Dinasti Qing
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Sir Claude Maxwell MacDonald Ronglu
Prince Duan
Dong Fuxiang
Ma Haiyan
Ma Fulu  †
Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxing

Mereka berhasil diselamatkan dari pengepungan yang berlangsung selama 55 hari itu setelah pasukan Aliansi Delapan Negara yang tiba dengan berjalan kaki dari pantai Tiongkok, berhasil mengalahkan tentara Qing, dan kemudian menguasai Beijing. Surat kabar The Sun, New York menyebut Pengepungan itu sebagai "Episode paling menarik yang pernah terjadi dalam suatu peradaban."

Referensi Sunting

Kutipan Sunting

  1. Thompson, Larry Clinton. William Scott Ament and the Boxer Rebellion: Heroism, Hubris, and the Ideal Missionary. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009, pp. 1, 83–5

Sumber Sunting

  • Allen, Rev. Roland The Siege of the Peking Legations. London: Smith, Elder, 1901
  • Annual Reports of the War Department, 1901 Washington: Government Printing Office, 1901
  • Bickers, Robert and Tiedemann, R.G., The Boxers, China, and the World. Lanham, MD; Rowman and Littlefield, 2007
  • Chester M. Biggs (2003). The United States marines in North China, 1894–1942. McFarland. hlm. 25. ISBN 0-7864-1488-X. Diakses tanggal June 28, 2010. 
  • Boot, Max (2003). The savage wars of peace: small wars and the rise of American power. Da Capo Press. hlm. 428. ISBN 0-465-00721-X. Diakses tanggal June 28, 2010. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
  • Cohen, Paul A. History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth. New York: Columbia U Press, 1997
  • Conger, Sarah Pike, Letters from China. Chicago: A.C McClurg, 1910
  • Davids, Jules, ed. American Diplomatic and State Papers: The United States and China: Boxer Uprising. Series 3, Vol. 5, Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1981
  • Der Ling, Princess. Two Years in the Forbidden City. New York: Moffat, Yard, 1911
  • Fenn, Rev. Courtnay Hughes, "The American Marines in the Siege of Peking". The Independent. Dec 6, 2000
  • Fleming, Peter. The Siege at Peking. New York: Harper, 1959
  • Foreign Relations of the United States, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1900
  • Ingram, James H., M.D. "The Defense of the Legations in Peking". The Independent. Dec 3 and 10, 1900
  • Lynch, George. "Vae Victis! The Allies in Peking after the Siege". The Independent. Nov 8, 1900
  • Martin, W.A.P. The Siege in Peking. New York:Fleming H. Revell, 1900
  • Mateer, Ada Haven. Siege Days: Personal Experiences of American Women and Children during the Peking Siege. Chicago: Fleming H. Revell, 1903
  • Miner, Luella, "A Prison in Peking: The Diary of an American Woman during the Siege". The Outlook, Nov. 10, 17, 24, 1900
  • Morrison, Dr. George E. "The Siege of the Peking Legations" The Living Age, Nov 17, 24 and Dec 1, 8, and 15, 1900*
  • Myers, Capt. John T. "Military Operations and Defenses of the Siege of Peking". Proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute September, 1902
  • O'Connor, Richard. The Spirit Soldiers: A Historical Narrative of the Boxer Rebellion. New York: Putnams, 1973
  • Oliphant, Nigel, A Diary of the Siege of the Legations in Peking. London: Longman, Greens, 1901
  • Porter, Henry D. William Scott Ament: Missionary of the American Board to China. New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1911
  • Preston, Diana. The Boxer Rebellion. New York: Berkley Books, 1999
  • Ransome, Jessie. The Story of the Siege Hospital. London: SPCK, 1901
  • Seagrave, Sterling. Dragon Lady: the Life and Legend of the Last Empress of China. New York: Vantage, 1992
  • Smith, Arthur H. China in Convulsion. 2 Vols. New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1901
  • "The Fortification of Peking during the Siege". The Gospel in all Lands. Feb 1902
  • Thompson, Larry Clinton. William Scott Ament and the Boxer Rebellion: Heroism, Hubris, and the Ideal Missionary. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009.
  • Thompson, Peter and Macklin, Robert The Man who Died Twice: The Life and Adventures of Morrison of Peking. Crow’s Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2005
  • Weale, B. L. (Bertram Lenox Simpson), Indiscreet Letters from Peking. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1907
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Tanggal penerbitan:
Pengepungan Legasi Internasional terjadi pada musim panas 1900 di Peking sekarang Beijing ibu kota Kekaisaran Qing selama Pemberontakan Boxer Orang orang asing yang sebagian besar berasal dari Eropa Amerika Serikat dan Jepang termasuk 900 tentara dan marinirnya ditambah sekitar 2 800 orang Tiongkok yang beragama Kristen mengungsi ke markas legasi kedutaan kecil yang ada di Beijing setelah mereka diancam oleh para Pemberontak Boxer dan Gerakan Petani anti asing dan anti Kristen Pengepungan Legasi InternasionalBagian dari Pemberontakan BoxerSaya coba Pak Pasukan Amerika membakar tembok Peking Lukisan yang menggambarkan ketika prajurit peniup terompet Calvin Titus menjadi orang pertama yang memanjat tembok itu dan ia kemudian dianugerahi Medal of Honor Tanggal20 Juni 4 Agustus 1900LokasiPeking Tiongkok Koordinat 39 54 11 N 116 24 06 E 39 90306 N 116 40167 E 39 90306 116 40167HasilAliansi Delapan Negara menangPihak terlibatAliansi Delapan Negara Britania Raya Kekaisaran Rusia Prancis Kekaisaran Jepang Kekaisaran Jerman Amerika Serikat Imperium Italia Austria Hungaria Kerajaan Belanda Kerajaan BelgiaImperium Spanyol Dinasti QingTokoh dan pemimpinSir Claude Maxwell MacDonaldRonglu Prince Duan Dong Fuxiang Ma Haiyan Ma Fulu Ma Fuxiang Ma FuxingMereka berhasil diselamatkan dari pengepungan yang berlangsung selama 55 hari itu setelah pasukan Aliansi Delapan Negara yang tiba dengan berjalan kaki dari pantai Tiongkok berhasil mengalahkan tentara Qing dan kemudian menguasai Beijing Surat kabar The Sun New York menyebut Pengepungan itu sebagai Episode paling menarik yang pernah terjadi dalam suatu peradaban 1 Referensi SuntingKutipan Sunting Thompson Larry Clinton William Scott Ament and the Boxer Rebellion Heroism Hubris and the Ideal Missionary Jefferson NC McFarland 2009 pp 1 83 5 Sumber Sunting Allen Rev Roland The Siege of the Peking Legations London Smith Elder 1901 Annual Reports of the War Department 1901 Washington Government Printing Office 1901 Bickers Robert and Tiedemann R G The Boxers China and the World Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 2007 Chester M Biggs 2003 The United States marines in North China 1894 1942 McFarland hlm 25 ISBN 0 7864 1488 X Diakses tanggal June 28 2010 Boot Max 2003 The savage wars of peace small wars and the rise of American power Da Capo Press hlm 428 ISBN 0 465 00721 X Diakses tanggal June 28 2010 pranala nonaktif permanen Cohen Paul A History in Three Keys The Boxers as Event Experience and Myth New York Columbia U Press 1997 Conger Sarah Pike Letters from China Chicago A C McClurg 1910 Davids Jules ed American Diplomatic and State Papers The United States and China Boxer Uprising Series 3 Vol 5 Wilmington DE Scholarly Resources 1981 Der Ling Princess Two Years in the Forbidden City New York Moffat Yard 1911 Fenn Rev Courtnay Hughes The American Marines in the Siege of Peking The Independent Dec 6 2000 Fleming Peter The Siege at Peking New York Harper 1959 Foreign Relations of the United States Washington Government Printing Office 1900 Ingram James H M D The Defense of the Legations in Peking The Independent Dec 3 and 10 1900 Lynch George Vae Victis The Allies in Peking after the Siege The Independent Nov 8 1900 Martin W A P The Siege in Peking New York Fleming H Revell 1900 Mateer Ada Haven Siege Days Personal Experiences of American Women and Children during the Peking Siege Chicago Fleming H Revell 1903 Miner Luella A Prison in Peking The Diary of an American Woman during the Siege The Outlook Nov 10 17 24 1900 Morrison Dr George E The Siege of the Peking Legations The Living Age Nov 17 24 and Dec 1 8 and 15 1900 Myers Capt John T Military Operations and Defenses of the Siege of Peking Proceedings of the U S Naval Institute September 1902 O Connor Richard The Spirit Soldiers A Historical Narrative of the Boxer Rebellion New York Putnams 1973 Oliphant Nigel A Diary of the Siege of the Legations in Peking London Longman Greens 1901 Porter Henry D William Scott Ament Missionary of the American Board to China New York Fleming H Revell 1911 Preston Diana The Boxer Rebellion New York Berkley Books 1999 Ransome Jessie The Story of the Siege Hospital London SPCK 1901 Seagrave Sterling Dragon Lady the Life and Legend of the Last Empress of China New York Vantage 1992 Smith Arthur H China in Convulsion 2 Vols New York Fleming H Revell 1901 The Fortification of Peking during the Siege The Gospel in all Lands Feb 1902 Thompson Larry Clinton William Scott Ament and the Boxer Rebellion Heroism Hubris and the Ideal Missionary Jefferson NC McFarland 2009 Thompson Peter and Macklin Robert The Man who Died Twice The Life and Adventures of Morrison of Peking Crow s Nest Australia Allen amp Unwin 2005 Weale B L Bertram Lenox Simpson Indiscreet Letters from Peking New York Dodd Mead 1907 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Pengepungan Legasi Internasional amp oldid 23748980