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Pengeboman strategis adalah strategi militer dalam perang total yang bertujuan untuk mengalahkan musuh dengan cara melum

Pengeboman strategis

Pengeboman strategis adalah strategi militer dalam perang total yang bertujuan untuk mengalahkan musuh dengan cara melumpuhkan perekonomian dan mematahkan keinginan publik untuk berperang, bukannya dengan melumpuhkan angkatan perang mereka. Serangan ini adalah serangan sistematis yang terorganisir dari udara dengan menggunakan bom strategis, rudal jarak panjang dan menengah, atau senjata nuklir untuk menyerang target-target yang dianggap penting bagi kepentingan perang musuh.

Tokyo setelah pengeboman besar-besaran pada malam tanggal 9 Oktober 1945, salah satu serangan udara yang paling merusak dalam sejarah militer.

Salah satu tujuan perang adalah untuk melumpuhkan musuh, sehingga mereka lebih memilih untuk berdamai atau menyerah ketimbang melanjutkan peperangan. Pengeboman strategis dimanfaatkan untuk mewujudkan kondisi ini. Istilah lainnya yang digunakan adalah "teror bom", yang mulai populer menjelang akhir Perang Dunia II di saat banyaknya kampanye pengeboman strategis yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang berperang, misalnya pengeboman Hiroshima dan Nagasaki, pengeboman Berlin, pengeboman London, dan sebagainya.

Catatan kaki Sunting

  1. Longmate 1983, hlm. 122,123 quoting the Singleton Report

Referensi Sunting

  • Algeo, John (1993). Fifty years among the new words: a dictionary of neologisms, 1941–1991 (edisi ke-2, reprint). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44971-5. 
  • Axinn, Sidney (2008). A Moral Military. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-958-3. 
  • Brower, Charles F. (1998). World War II in Europe: the final year: Roosevelt Study Center. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-21133-2. 
  • Copp, Terry (September/October 1996). "The Bomber Command Offensive". originally published in the Legion Magazine. 
  • Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1978a). Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare. 9. London: Phoebus. hlm. 969. 
  • Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1978b). Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare. 16. London: Phoebus. hlm. 1736, 1697, 1700. 
  • Fritz, Stephen G. (2004). Endkampf: soldiers, civilians, and the death of the Third Reich (edisi ke-illustrated). University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2325-9. 
  • Hayward, Joel (2009). Air Power, Insurgency and the "War on Terror". Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-0-9552189-6-5. 
  • Hessel, Peter (2005). The Mystery of Frankenberg's Canadian Airman (edisi ke-illustrated). James Lorimer & Company. ISBN 1-55028-884-9. 
  • Kochavi, Arieh J. (2005). Confronting captivity: Britain and the United States and their POWs in Nazi Germany (edisi ke-illustrated). UNC Press Books. ISBN 0-8078-2940-4. 
  • Lewis, Peter M. H. (1994). "B-29 Superfortress". Dalam Grolier Incorporated. Academic American Encyclopedia. 10. Grolier Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-7172-2053-3. 
  • Longmate, Norman (1983). The Bombers: The RAF offensive against Germany 1939–1945. Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09-151580-7. 
  • Lovell, George (2000). Consultancy, Ministry & Mission. Continuum International Publishing Group. hlm. 10. ISBN 978-0-86012-312-5. 
  • Myrdal, Alva (1977). The game of disarmament: how the United States and Russia run the arms race. Manchester University Press ND. ISBN 0-7190-0693-7. 
  • Omissi, David (1990). Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-2960-0. 
  • Overy, R. J. (2005). The air war, 1939–1945. Brassey's. ISBN 978-1-57488-716-7. 
  • Taylor, Frederick (2005). Dresden: Tuesday 13 February 1945. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-7084-1. 

Bacaan lanjutan Sunting

  • Biddle, Tami Davis. Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare: The Evolution of British and American Ideas about Strategic Bombing, 1914–1945 (Princeton Studies in International History and Politics) (2004)
  • Boog, Horst, ed. The Conduct of the Air War in the Second World War (1992)
  • Boog, Horst, ed. Germany and the Second World War: Volume VII: The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia, 1943–1944/5 (Oxford UP, 2006), 928pp official German history vol 7 excerpt and text search; online edition
  • Buckley, John (1999). Air Power in the Age of Total War. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33557-4. 
  • Clodfelter, Mark. "Aiming to Break Will: America's World War II Bombing of German Morale and its Ramifications", Journal of Strategic Studies, June 2010, Vol. 33 Issue 3, pp 401–435
  • Clodfelter, Mark. Beneficial Bombing: The Progressive Foundations of American Air Power, 1917–1945 (University of Nebraska Press; 2010) 347 pages
  • Craven, Wesley Frank and James Lea Cate. The Army Air Forces in World War II (6 vol 1958), official USAF history
  • Davis, Richard G. "Bombing Strategy Shifts, 1944-45", Air Power History 39 (1989) 33-45
  • Franklin, Noble, and Charles Webster. The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany, 1939–1945 (4 volumes, 1961), official RAF history
  • Futrell, Robert Frank. Ideas, concepts, doctrine: A history of basic thinking in the United States Air Force, 1907–1964 (2 vol 1974)
  • Griffith, Charles. The quest: Haywood Hansell and American strategic bombing in World War II (1999) online edition
  • Hansell, Jr., Haywood S. Air Plan That Defeated Hitler (1980) online version
  • Kennett, Lee B. A History of Strategic Bombing (1982)
  • Koch, H. W. "The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany: the Early Phase, May–September 1940." The Historical Journal, 34 (March 1991) pp 117–41. online at JSTOR
  • Levine, Alan J. The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940–1945 (1992) online edition
  • MacIsaac, David. Strategic Bombing in World War Two (1976)
  • Messenger, Charles. "Bomber" Harris and the Strategic Bombing Offensive, 1939–1945 (1984), defends Harris
  • Overy. Richard. "The Means to Victory: Bombs and Bombing" in Overy, Why the Allies Won (1995), pp 101–33
  • Sherry, Michael. The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon (1987), important study 1930s-1960s
  • Smith, Malcolm. "The Allied Air Offensive", Journal of Strategic Studies 13 (Mar 1990) 67-83
  • Spaight. James M. "Bombing Vindicated" G. Bles, 1944. ASIN: B0007IVW7K (Spaight was Principal Assistant Secretary of the Air Ministry) (U.K)
  • Verrier, Anthony. The Bomber Offensive (1968), British
  • Webster, Charles and Noble Frankland, The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany, 1939–1945 (HMSO, 1961), 4 vol. Important official British history
  • Werrell, Kenneth P. "The Strategic Bombing of Germany in World War II: Costs and Accomplishments", Journal of American History 73 (1986) 702-713; good place to start. in JSTOR
  • Werrell, Kenneth P. Death From the Heavens: A History of Strategic Bombing (2009)
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Tanggal penerbitan:
Pengeboman strategis adalah strategi militer dalam perang total yang bertujuan untuk mengalahkan musuh dengan cara melumpuhkan perekonomian dan mematahkan keinginan publik untuk berperang bukannya dengan melumpuhkan angkatan perang mereka Serangan ini adalah serangan sistematis yang terorganisir dari udara dengan menggunakan bom strategis rudal jarak panjang dan menengah atau senjata nuklir untuk menyerang target target yang dianggap penting bagi kepentingan perang musuh Tokyo setelah pengeboman besar besaran pada malam tanggal 9 Oktober 1945 salah satu serangan udara yang paling merusak dalam sejarah militer Salah satu tujuan perang adalah untuk melumpuhkan musuh sehingga mereka lebih memilih untuk berdamai atau menyerah ketimbang melanjutkan peperangan Pengeboman strategis dimanfaatkan untuk mewujudkan kondisi ini Istilah lainnya yang digunakan adalah teror bom yang mulai populer menjelang akhir Perang Dunia II di saat banyaknya kampanye pengeboman strategis yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang berperang misalnya pengeboman Hiroshima dan Nagasaki pengeboman Berlin pengeboman London dan sebagainya 1 Catatan kaki Sunting Longmate 1983 hlm 122 123 quoting the Singleton ReportReferensi SuntingAlgeo John 1993 Fifty years among the new words a dictionary of neologisms 1941 1991 edisi ke 2 reprint Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 44971 5 Axinn Sidney 2008 A Moral Military Temple University Press ISBN 978 1 59213 958 3 Brower Charles F 1998 World War II in Europe the final year Roosevelt Study Center Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 0 312 21133 2 Copp Terry September October 1996 The Bomber Command Offensive originally published in the Legion Magazine Periksa nilai tanggal di date bantuan Pemeliharaan CS1 Tanggal dan tahun link Fitzsimons Bernard ed 1978a Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare 9 London Phoebus hlm 969 Fitzsimons Bernard ed 1978b Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare 16 London Phoebus hlm 1736 1697 1700 Fritz Stephen G 2004 Endkampf soldiers civilians and the death of the Third Reich edisi ke illustrated University Press of Kentucky ISBN 0 8131 2325 9 Hayward Joel 2009 Air Power Insurgency and the War on Terror Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies ISBN 978 0 9552189 6 5 Hessel Peter 2005 The Mystery of Frankenberg s Canadian Airman edisi ke illustrated James Lorimer amp Company ISBN 1 55028 884 9 Kochavi Arieh J 2005 Confronting captivity Britain and the United States and their POWs in Nazi Germany edisi ke illustrated UNC Press Books ISBN 0 8078 2940 4 Lewis Peter M H 1994 B 29 Superfortress Dalam Grolier Incorporated Academic American Encyclopedia 10 Grolier Incorporated ISBN 978 0 7172 2053 3 Longmate Norman 1983 The Bombers The RAF offensive against Germany 1939 1945 Hutchinson ISBN 0 09 151580 7 Lovell George 2000 Consultancy Ministry amp Mission Continuum International Publishing Group hlm 10 ISBN 978 0 86012 312 5 Myrdal Alva 1977 The game of disarmament how the United States and Russia run the arms race Manchester University Press ND ISBN 0 7190 0693 7 Omissi David 1990 Manchester University Press ISBN 0 7190 2960 0 Overy R J 2005 The air war 1939 1945 Brassey s ISBN 978 1 57488 716 7 Taylor Frederick 2005 Dresden Tuesday 13 February 1945 London Bloomsbury ISBN 0 7475 7084 1 Bacaan lanjutan SuntingBiddle Tami Davis Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare The Evolution of British and American Ideas about Strategic Bombing 1914 1945 Princeton Studies in International History and Politics 2004 Boog Horst ed The Conduct of the Air War in the Second World War 1992 Boog Horst ed Germany and the Second World War Volume VII The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia 1943 1944 5 Oxford UP 2006 928pp official German history vol 7 excerpt and text search online edition Buckley John 1999 Air Power in the Age of Total War Indiana University Press ISBN 0 253 33557 4 Clodfelter Mark Aiming to Break Will America s World War II Bombing of German Morale and its Ramifications Journal of Strategic Studies June 2010 Vol 33 Issue 3 pp 401 435 Clodfelter Mark Beneficial Bombing The Progressive Foundations of American Air Power 1917 1945 University of Nebraska Press 2010 347 pages Craven Wesley Frank and James Lea Cate The Army Air Forces in World War II 6 vol 1958 official USAF history Davis Richard G Bombing Strategy Shifts 1944 45 Air Power History 39 1989 33 45 Franklin Noble and Charles Webster The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany 1939 1945 4 volumes 1961 official RAF history Futrell Robert Frank Ideas concepts doctrine A history of basic thinking in the United States Air Force 1907 1964 2 vol 1974 Griffith Charles The quest Haywood Hansell and American strategic bombing in World War II 1999 online edition Hansell Jr Haywood S Air Plan That Defeated Hitler 1980 online version Kennett Lee B A History of Strategic Bombing 1982 Koch H W The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany the Early Phase May September 1940 The Historical Journal 34 March 1991 pp 117 41 online at JSTOR Levine Alan J The Strategic Bombing of Germany 1940 1945 1992 online edition MacIsaac David Strategic Bombing in World War Two 1976 Messenger Charles Bomber Harris and the Strategic Bombing Offensive 1939 1945 1984 defends Harris Overy Richard The Means to Victory Bombs and Bombing in Overy Why the Allies Won 1995 pp 101 33 Sherry Michael The Rise of American Air Power The Creation of Armageddon 1987 important study 1930s 1960s Smith Malcolm The Allied Air Offensive Journal of Strategic Studies 13 Mar 1990 67 83 Spaight James M Bombing Vindicated G Bles 1944 ASIN B0007IVW7K Spaight was Principal Assistant Secretary of the Air Ministry U K Verrier Anthony The Bomber Offensive 1968 British Webster Charles and Noble Frankland The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany 1939 1945 HMSO 1961 4 vol Important official British history Werrell Kenneth P The Strategic Bombing of Germany in World War II Costs and Accomplishments Journal of American History 73 1986 702 713 good place to start in JSTOR Werrell Kenneth P Death From the Heavens A History of Strategic Bombing 2009 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Pengeboman strategis amp oldid 22911038