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Pendudukan negara negara Baltik adalah pendudukan militer dari tiga negara Baltik Estonia Latvia dan Lithuania oleh Uni

Pendudukan negara-negara Baltik

Pendudukan negara-negara Baltik adalah pendudukan militer dari tiga negara Baltik—Estonia, Latvia dan Lithuania—oleh Uni Soviet di bawah naungan Pakta Molotov–Ribbentrop pada 14 Juni 1940 disusul oleh pemasukan mereka dalam USSR sebagai republik konstituen, yang tak diakui oleh kebanyakan kekuatan Barat. Pada 22 Juni 1941, Jerman Nazi menyerang USSR dan selama berpekan-pekan menduduki kawasan Baltik. Pada Juli 1941, kawasan Baltik dimasukkan ke Reichskommissariat Ostland dari Reich Ketiga. Akibat Serangan Baltik tahun 1944, Uni Soviet mencaplok kembali sebagian besar negara Baltik dan menjebak sisa-sisa pasukan Jerman di kantung Courland sampai mereka secara resmi menyerah pada Mei 1945. "pendudukan aneksasi" Soviet (Annexionsbesetzung atau pendudukan sui generis) terhadap negara-negara Baltik berlangsung sampai Agustus 1991, saat negara-negara Baltik meraih kemerdekaan.

Referensi Sunting

Kutipan Sunting

  1. Taagepera, Rein (1993). Estonia: return to independence. Westview Press. hlm. 58. ISBN 978-0-8133-1199-9. 
  2. Ziemele, Ineta (2003). "State Continuity, Succession and Responsibility: Reparations to the Baltic States and their Peoples?". Baltic Yearbook of International Law. Martinus Nijhoff. 3: 165–190. doi:10.1163/221158903x00072. 
  3. Kaplan, Robert B.; Jr, Richard B. Baldauf (2008-01-01). Language Planning and Policy in Europe: The Baltic States, Ireland and Italy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Multilingual Matters. hlm. 79. ISBN 9781847690289. Most Western countries had not recognised the incorporation of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union, a stance that irritated the Soviets without ever becoming a major point of conflict. 
  4. Kavass, Igor I. (1972). Baltic States. W. S. Hein. The forcible military occupation and subsequent annexation of the Baltic States by the Soviet Union remains to this day (written in 1972) one of the serious unsolved issues of international law 
  5. Davies, Norman (2001). Dear, Ian, ed. The Oxford companion to World War II. Michael Richard Daniell Foot. Oxford University Press. hlm. 85. ISBN 978-0-19-860446-4. 
  6. Mälksoo (2003), p. 193.

Daftar pustaka Sunting

Bacaan tambahan Sunting

Artikel akademik dan media Sunting

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Pendudukan negara negara Baltik adalah pendudukan militer dari tiga negara Baltik Estonia Latvia dan Lithuania oleh Uni Soviet di bawah naungan Pakta Molotov Ribbentrop pada 14 Juni 1940 1 2 disusul oleh pemasukan mereka dalam USSR sebagai republik konstituen yang tak diakui oleh kebanyakan kekuatan Barat 3 4 Pada 22 Juni 1941 Jerman Nazi menyerang USSR dan selama berpekan pekan menduduki kawasan Baltik Pada Juli 1941 kawasan Baltik dimasukkan ke Reichskommissariat Ostland dari Reich Ketiga Akibat Serangan Baltik tahun 1944 Uni Soviet mencaplok kembali sebagian besar negara Baltik dan menjebak sisa sisa pasukan Jerman di kantung Courland sampai mereka secara resmi menyerah pada Mei 1945 5 pendudukan aneksasi Soviet Annexionsbesetzung atau pendudukan sui generis 6 terhadap negara negara Baltik berlangsung sampai Agustus 1991 saat negara negara Baltik meraih kemerdekaan Daftar isi 1 Referensi 1 1 Kutipan 1 2 Daftar pustaka 2 Bacaan tambahan 2 1 Artikel akademik dan mediaReferensi SuntingKutipan Sunting Taagepera Rein 1993 Estonia return to independence Westview Press hlm 58 ISBN 978 0 8133 1199 9 Ziemele Ineta 2003 State Continuity Succession and Responsibility Reparations to the Baltic States and their Peoples Baltic Yearbook of International Law Martinus Nijhoff 3 165 190 doi 10 1163 221158903x00072 Kaplan Robert B Jr Richard B Baldauf 2008 01 01 Language Planning and Policy in Europe The Baltic States Ireland and Italy dalam bahasa Inggris Multilingual Matters hlm 79 ISBN 9781847690289 Most Western countries had not recognised the incorporation of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union a stance that irritated the Soviets without ever becoming a major point of conflict Kavass Igor I 1972 Baltic States W S Hein The forcible military occupation and subsequent annexation of the Baltic States by the Soviet Union remains to this day written in 1972 one of the serious unsolved issues of international law Davies Norman 2001 Dear Ian ed The Oxford companion to World War II Michael Richard Daniell Foot Oxford University Press hlm 85 ISBN 978 0 19 860446 4 Malksoo 2003 p 193 Daftar pustaka Sunting Aust Anthony 2005 Handbook of International Law Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 53034 7 Brecher Michael Jonathan Wilkenfeld 1997 A Study of Crisis University of Michigan Press hlm 596 ISBN 978 0 472 10806 0 Frucht Richard 2005 Eastern Europe An Introduction to the People Lands and Culture ABC CLIO hlm 132 ISBN 978 1 57607 800 6 Hiden Johan Salmon Patrick 1994 1991 The Baltic Nations and Europe edisi ke Revised Harlow England Longman ISBN 0 582 25650 X Hiden John 2008 Vahur Made David J Smith ed The Baltic question during the Cold War Routledge ISBN 0 415 37100 7 Malksoo Lauri 2003 Illegal Annexation and State Continuity The Case of the Incorporation of the Baltic States by the USSR M Nijhoff Publishers ISBN 90 411 2177 3 Marek Krystyna 1968 1954 Identity and continuity of states in public international law edisi ke 2 Geneva Switzerland Libr Droz McHugh James James S Pacy 2001 Diplomats without a country Baltic diplomacy international law and the Cold War Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0 313 31878 6 Misiunas Romuald J Taagepera Rein 1993 The Baltic States years of dependence 1940 1990 University of California Press ISBN 0 520 08228 1 O Connor Kevin 2003 The History of the Baltic States Greenwood Publishing Group hlm 113 145 ISBN 978 0 313 32355 3 Petrov Pavel 2008 Punalipuline Balti Laevastik ja Eesti 1939 1941 dalam bahasa Estonian Tanapaev ISBN 978 9985 62 631 3 Pemeliharaan CS1 Bahasa yang tidak diketahui link Plakans Andrejs 2007 Experiencing Totalitarianism The Invasion and Occupation of Latvia by the USSR and Nazi Germany 1939 1991 AuthorHouse hlm 596 ISBN 978 1 4343 1573 1 Rislakki Jukka 2008 The Case for Latvia Disinformation Campaigns Against a Small Nation Rodopi ISBN 978 90 420 2424 3 Talmon Stefan 1998 Recognition of governments in international law Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 826573 3 Tsygankov Andrei P May 2009 Russophobia edisi ke 1st Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 0 230 61418 5 Wyman David Charles H Rosenzveig 1996 The World Reacts to the Holocaust JHU Press hlm 365 381 ISBN 978 0 8018 4969 5 Ziemele Ineta 2005 State Continuity and Nationality The Baltic States and Russia Martinus Nijhoff Publishers ISBN 90 04 14295 9 Bacaan tambahan SuntingRegarding the Procedure for carrying out the Deportation of Anti Soviet Elements from Lithuania Latvia and Estonia Full text English The Global Museum on Communism Diarsipkan 2010 12 11 di Wayback Machine about the occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union The Occupation museum of Latvia Diarsipkan 2007 01 18 di Wayback Machine GULAG 113 Diarsipkan 2019 02 27 di Wayback Machine Canadian film about Estonians mobilized into the Red Army 1941 and forced into labour in the GULAG Soviet Aggression Against the Baltic States by Latvian Supreme Court justice Augusts Rumpeters Short and thoroughly annotated dissertation on Soviet Baltic treaties and relations 1974 Full text Situation in Soviet occupied Estonia in 1955 1956 Manivald Raastas Eduard Oun 1956 Artikel akademik dan media Sunting Malksoo Lauri 2000 Professor Uluots the Estonian Government in Exile and the Continuity of the Republic of Estonia in International Law Diarsipkan 2020 03 27 di Wayback Machine Nordic Journal of International Law 69 3 289 316 Non Recognition in the Courts The Ships of the Baltic Republics by Herbert W Briggs In The American Journal of International Law Vol 37 No 4 Oct 1943 pp 585 596 Alfred Erich Senn Diarsipkan 2008 02 03 di Wayback Machine What Happened in Lithuania in 1940 Diarsipkan 2007 07 05 di Wayback Machine PDF The Soviet Occupation of the Baltic States by Irina Saburova In Russian Review 1955 The Steel Curtain Diarsipkan 2009 08 26 di Wayback Machine TIME Magazine April 14 1947 The Iron Heel Diarsipkan 2009 01 14 di Wayback Machine TIME Magazine December 14 1953 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Pendudukan negara negara Baltik amp oldid 19388494