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Pembantaian Rumbula adalah sebuah istilah kolektif untuk insiden pada 30 November dan 8 Desember 1941 dimana sekitar 25

Pembantaian Rumbula

Pembantaian Rumbula adalah sebuah istilah kolektif untuk insiden pada 30 November dan 8 Desember 1941, dimana sekitar 25.000 Yahudi dibantai di dalam atau pada perjalanan menuju hutan Rumbula dekat Riga, Latvia, pada masa Holocaust. Terkecuali the pembantaian Babi Yar di Ukraina, peristiwa tersebut adalah kejahatan Holocaust dua hari terbesar sampai operasi kamp-kamp kematian.

Catatan sunting

  1. Ezergailis 1996b, hlm. 239.

Referensi sunting

Historiografi sunting

Bukti dan pengadilan kejahatan perang sunting

Bacaan tambahan sunting

  • Katz, Josef, One Who Came Back, University of Wisconsin Press, (2nd Ed. 2006) ISBN 978-1-928755-07-4
  • Iwens, Sidney, How Dark the Heavens—1400 Days in the Grip of Nazi Terror, Shengold Publishing (2d ed. 1990) ISBN 978-0-88400-147-8
  • Michelson, Max, City of Life, City of Death: Memories of Riga, University Press of Colorado (2001) ISBN 978-0-87081-642-0

Pranala luar sunting

Koordinat: 56°53′07″N 24°14′45″E / 56.88538889°N 24.24583333°E / 56.88538889; 24.24583333

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Pembantaian Rumbula adalah sebuah istilah kolektif untuk insiden pada 30 November dan 8 Desember 1941 dimana sekitar 25 000 Yahudi dibantai di dalam atau pada perjalanan menuju hutan Rumbula dekat Riga Latvia pada masa Holocaust Terkecuali the pembantaian Babi Yar di Ukraina peristiwa tersebut adalah kejahatan Holocaust dua hari terbesar sampai operasi kamp kamp kematian 1 Daftar isi 1 Catatan 2 Referensi 2 1 Historiografi 2 2 Bukti dan pengadilan kejahatan perang 3 Bacaan tambahan 4 Pranala luarCatatan sunting Ezergailis 1996b hlm 239 Referensi suntingHistoriografi sunting Anders Edward and Dubrovskis Juris Who Died in the Holocaust Recovering Names from Official Records Holocaust and Genocide Studies 17 1 2003 114 138 Angrick Andrej Klein Peter 2012 The Final Solution in Riga Exploitation and Annihilation 1941 1944 Translation from German by Ray Brandon Berghahn Books ISBN 978 0857456014 Bloxham Donald Genocide on Trial war crimes trials and the formation of Holocaust History and Memory Oxford University Press New York NY 2001 ISBN 0 19 820872 3 Browning Christopher 1999 Nazi Policy Jewish Workers German Killers nbsp Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 77490 X Browning Christopher Matthaus Jurgen 2004 The Origins of the Final Solution The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy September 1939 March 1942 nbsp Lincoln University of Nebraska Press ISBN 978 0 8032 5979 9 Dribins Leo Gutmanis Armands and Vestermanis Margers Latvia s Jewish Community History Trajedy Revival Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia Edelheit Abraham J and Edelheit Hershel History of the Holocaust A Handbook and Dictionary Westview Press Boulder CO 1994 ISBN 0 8133 1411 9 Eksteins Modris Walking Since Daybreak A story of Eastern Europe World War II and the Heart of our Century Houghton Mifflin Boston 1999 ISBN 0 395 93747 7 Ezergailis Andrew 1996a Latvia Dalam Wyman David S Rosenzveig Charles H The World Reacts to the Holocaust Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press hlm 354 88 ISBN 0 8018 4969 1 Ezergailis Andrew 1996b The Holocaust in Latvia 1941 1944 The Missing Center Riga Washington DC Historical Institute of Latvia and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum ISBN 978 9984905433 Fleming Gerald 1994 Hitler and the Final Solution Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 0520060229 Friedlander Saul The years of extermination Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939 1945 New York NY 2007 ISBN 978 0 06 019043 9 Hilberg Raul The Destruction of the European Jews 3d Ed Yale University Press New Haven CT 2003 ISBN 0 300 09557 0 Hobrecht Jurgen We did survive it The Riga Ghetto Documentary film Berlin 2013 98 Min Outtakes www phoenix medienakademie com Riga survive Kaufmann Max 2010 Churbn Lettland The Destruction of the Jews of Latvia PDF Translation by Laimdota Mazzarins Konstanz Hartung Gorre Verlag ISBN 978 3 86628 315 2 Klee Ernst Dressen Willi and Riess Volker eds The Good Old Days The Holocaust as seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders English translation MacMillan Free Press NY 1991 ISBN 0 02 917425 2 Latvia Institute The Holocaust in German Occupied Latvia Diarsipkan 2020 07 28 di Wayback Machine Michelson Frida I Survived Rumbuli Holocaust Library New York NY 1979 ISBN 0 89604 029 1 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia Holocaust Remembrance Rumbula Memorial Site Unveiled December 2002 Diarsipkan 2011 09 28 di Wayback Machine Press Bernard The Murder of the Jews in Latvia Northwestern University Press 2000 ISBN 0 8101 1729 0 Reitlinger Gerald The SS Alibi of a Nation at 186 282 Viking Press New York 1957 Da Capo reprint 1989 ISBN 0 306 80351 8 Roseman Mark The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution A Reassessment Holt New York 2002 ISBN 0 8050 6810 4 Rubenstein Richard L and Roth John K Approaches to Auschwitz page 179 Louisville Ky Westminster John Knox Press 2003 ISBN 0 664 22353 2 dalam bahasa Jerman Scheffler Wolfgang Zur Geschichte der Deportation judischer Burger nach Riga 1941 1942 Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgraberfursorge e V 23 05 2000 Schneider Gertrude Journey into terror story of the Riga Ghetto 2d Ed Westport Conn Praeger 2001 ISBN 0 275 97050 7 Schneider Gertrude ed The Unfinished Road Jewish Survivors of Latvia Look Back Praeger Publishers 1991 ISBN 978 0 275 94093 5 Smith Lyn Remembering Voices of the Holocaust Carroll amp Graf New York 2005 ISBN 0 7867 1640 1 Winter Alfred Rumbula Viewed From The Riga Ghetto from The Ghetto of Riga and Continuance A Survivor s Memoir 1998Bukti dan pengadilan kejahatan perang sunting Bratigam Otto Memorandum dated 18 Dec 1941 Jewish Question re correspondence of 15 Nov 1941 translated and reprinted in Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Exhibit 3666 PS Volume VII pages 978 995 USGPO Washington DC 1946 Red Series Jeckeln Friedrich excerpts from minutes of interrogation 14 December 1945 Maj Zwetajew interrogator Sgt Suur interpreter pages 8 13 from the Historical State Archives as reprinted in Fleming Hitler and the Final Solution at pages 95 100 Portions of the Jeckeln interrogation are also available online at the Nizkor website Diarsipkan 2011 07 18 di Wayback Machine Stahlecker Franz W Comprehensive Report of Einsatzgruppe A Operations up to 15 October 1941 Exhibit L 180 translated in part and reprinted in Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume VII pages 978 995 USGPO Washington DC 1946 Red Series The International Military Tribunal for Germany Yale Law School Lillian Goldman Law Library The Avalon Project Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No 10 Nuernberg October 1946 April 1949 Volume IV Green Series the Einsatzgruppen case also available at Mazel library well indexed HTML version Bacaan tambahan suntingKatz Josef One Who Came Back University of Wisconsin Press 2nd Ed 2006 ISBN 978 1 928755 07 4 Iwens Sidney How Dark the Heavens 1400 Days in the Grip of Nazi Terror Shengold Publishing 2d ed 1990 ISBN 978 0 88400 147 8 Michelson Max City of Life City of Death Memories of Riga University Press of Colorado 2001 ISBN 978 0 87081 642 0Pranala luar sunting nbsp Media terkait The Holocaust in Latvia di Wikimedia Commons The Holocaust in Latvia and Latvia s Jews Yesterday and Today Remembering Rumbula Killed in Rumbala forest Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia Holocaust Education Research and Remembrance in Latvia 16 Sept 2003 Diarsipkan 2011 07 16 di Wayback Machine dalam bahasa Jerman Berliner Zeitung Das Lange Warten des Abram Kit 29 October 1997Koordinat 56 53 07 N 24 14 45 E 56 88538889 N 24 24583333 E 56 88538889 24 24583333 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Pembantaian Rumbula amp oldid 23399868