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Paul Revere r ɪ ˈ v ɪ ər 21 Desember 1734 O S 10 Mei 1818 N 1 adalah seorang pandai perak pembuat gravir industrialis aw

Paul Revere

Paul Revere (/rɪˈvɪər/; 21 Desember 1734 O.S. – 10 Mei 1818) adalah seorang pandai perak, pembuat gravir, industrialis awal, dan patriot dalam Revolusi Amerika.

Paul Revere
John Singleton Copley, Lukisan Paul Revere. sekitar 1768–70
Lahir(1735-01-01)1 Januari 1735
(O.S.: 21 Desember 1734)
North End, Boston, Massachusetts
Meninggal10 Mei 1818(1818-05-10) (umur 83)
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Pekerjaanpandai perak, pimpinan militer kolonial
Suami/istriSarah Orne (1757–73) (kematiannya)
Rachel Walker (1773–1813) (kematiannya)
Anak8 dengan Sarah Orne (6 selamat)
8 dengan Rachel Walker (5 selamat)
Tanda tangan

Paul Revere adalah pahlawan nasional Amerika yang jasanya dikenang bukan karena dia berjuang dengan senjata, tetapi karena jasanya untuk memberitahu kedatangan pasukan Inggris lewat kode tertentu. Kode tersebut adalah;"two if by sea, one if by land". Artinya: dua pelita akan digantungkan di menara bel Christ Church kalau pasukan Inggris datang melalui Charles River ke Cambridge, atau menggantung sebuah pelita kalau pasukan Inggrisnya datang lewat darat melalui Boston Neck. Pada 18 April 1775, Paul Revere mengendarai kudanya bergegas menuju kota Lexington sesudah diantarkan oleh dua orang kawannya memakai perahu pada malam hari, menghindari pasukan Inggris yang memasuki perairan Boston. Tugas Paul Revere adalah untuk memberitahu dua orang patriot lainnya, John Hancock dan Samuel Adams, supaya bersiap menghadapi serbuan pasukan Inggris.

Referensi sunting

Catatan sunting

  1. Tanggal kelahiran Revere diganti oleh pengubahan antara kalender Julian dan kalender Gregorian, yang berbeda 11 hari, and by the fact that only his baptism, not his actual birth was recorded. While his baptism was recorded on December 22, adjusting for the conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars changes the date to January 1.

Kutipan sunting

  1. Gill 1891, hlm. 10–11.
  2. Fischer 1994, hlm. 297.

Daftar pustaka sunting

  • Alexander, John (2002). Samuel Adams: America's Revolutionary Politician. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. ISBN 9780742521148. 
  • Boatner, Mark Mayo, III (1975) [1964]. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution. Library of Military History. New York: David McKay. ISBN 978-0-618-00194-1. 
  • Brooks, Victor (1999). The Boston Campaign: April 1775–March 1776. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing. ISBN 978-0-585-23453-3. 
  • Drake, Samuel Adams (1899). Historic Mansions and Highways Around Boston. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLC 1838072. 
  • Fischer, David Hackett (1994). Paul Revere's ride. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508847-6.  This work is extensively footnoted, and contains a voluminous list of primary resources concerning all aspects of the Revere's ride and the battles at Lexington and Concord.
  • Forbes, Esther (1999) [1942]. Paul Revere and the World He Lived in. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-00194-1. 
  • Gettemy, Charles (1905). The True Story of Paul Revere. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLC 1375230. 
  • Goss, Elbridge Henry (1891). The Life of Colonel Paul Revere. Boston: J. G. Cupples. OCLC 3589045.  (Volume 2)
  • Ketchum, Robert (1999) [1974]. Decisive Day: The Battle For Bunker Hill. New York: Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 9780805060997. 
  • Martello, Robert (2010). Midnight Ride, Industrial Dawn: Paul Revere and the Growth of American Enterprise. Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 
  • McDonald, Forrest; McDonald, Ellen (April 1980). "The Ethnic Origins of the American People, 1790". The William and Mary Quarterly. Third. 37 (2): 179–199. JSTOR 1919495. 
  • McNamara, John (1978). History in Asphalt: The Origin of Bronx Street and Place Names, Borough of the Bronx, New York City. Fleischmanns, New York: Harbor Hill Books. 
  • Miller, Joel J. (2010). The Revolutionary Paul Revere. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson. ISBN 978-1-59555-074-3. 
  • Murrin, John M.; et al. (2002) [1996]. Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877. Florence, Kentucky: Wadsworth-Thomson Learning. 
  • Paul Revere, Artisan, Businessman and Patriot: The Man Behind the Myth. Boston: Paul Revere Memorial Association (PRMA). 1988. 
  • Revere, Paul (1961). Paul Revere's Three Accounts of His Famous Ride. Introduction by Edmund Morgan. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-9619999-0-2. 
  • Ruland, Richard; Bradbury, Malcolm (1991). From Puritanism to Postmodernism: A History of American Literature. New York: Viking. 
  • Schmidt, Leah A (2002). Revere Beach. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-1030-9. 
  • Steblecki, Edith J. (1985). Paul Revere and Freemasonry. Boston: Paul Revere Memorial Association (PRMA). OCLC 17485269. 
  • Triber, Jayne (1998). A True Republican: The Life of Paul Revere. Amherst, Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1-55849-139-7. 
  • United States, National Archives and Records Service. Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration. 
  • Upham, Warren (1920). Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. OCLC 34232868. 
  • Falino, Jeannine (2001). "The Pride Which Pervades thro every Class": The Customers of Paul Revere. Boston, Massachusetts: University Press of Virginia. 
  • Federhen, Deborah (1988). From Artisan to Entrepreneur: Paul Revere's Silver Shop Operation. Boston, Massachusetts: Paul Revere Memorial Association. 

Pranala luar sunting

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Paul Revere r ɪ ˈ v ɪ er 21 Desember 1734 O S 10 Mei 1818 N 1 adalah seorang pandai perak pembuat gravir industrialis awal dan patriot dalam Revolusi Amerika Paul RevereJohn Singleton Copley Lukisan Paul Revere sekitar 1768 70Lahir 1735 01 01 1 Januari 1735 O S 21 Desember 1734 North End Boston MassachusettsMeninggal10 Mei 1818 1818 05 10 umur 83 Boston Massachusetts U S Pekerjaanpandai perak pimpinan militer kolonialSuami istriSarah Orne 1757 73 kematiannya Rachel Walker 1773 1813 kematiannya Anak8 dengan Sarah Orne 6 selamat 8 dengan Rachel Walker 5 selamat Tanda tangan Paul Revere adalah pahlawan nasional Amerika yang jasanya dikenang bukan karena dia berjuang dengan senjata tetapi karena jasanya untuk memberitahu kedatangan pasukan Inggris lewat kode tertentu Kode tersebut adalah two if by sea one if by land Artinya dua pelita akan digantungkan di menara bel Christ Church kalau pasukan Inggris datang melalui Charles River ke Cambridge atau menggantung sebuah pelita kalau pasukan Inggrisnya datang lewat darat melalui Boston Neck Pada 18 April 1775 Paul Revere mengendarai kudanya bergegas menuju kota Lexington sesudah diantarkan oleh dua orang kawannya memakai perahu pada malam hari menghindari pasukan Inggris yang memasuki perairan Boston Tugas Paul Revere adalah untuk memberitahu dua orang patriot lainnya John Hancock dan Samuel Adams supaya bersiap menghadapi serbuan pasukan Inggris Daftar isi 1 Referensi 1 1 Catatan 1 2 Kutipan 1 3 Daftar pustaka 2 Pranala luarReferensi suntingCatatan sunting Tanggal kelahiran Revere diganti oleh pengubahan antara kalender Julian dan kalender Gregorian yang berbeda 11 hari and by the fact that only his baptism not his actual birth was recorded While his baptism was recorded on December 22 adjusting for the conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars changes the date to January 1 1 2 Kutipan sunting Gill 1891 hlm 10 11 Fischer 1994 hlm 297 Daftar pustaka sunting Alexander John 2002 Samuel Adams America s Revolutionary Politician Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield ISBN 9780742521148 Boatner Mark Mayo III 1975 1964 Encyclopedia of the American Revolution Library of Military History New York David McKay ISBN 978 0 618 00194 1 Brooks Victor 1999 The Boston Campaign April 1775 March 1776 Conshohocken Pennsylvania Combined Publishing ISBN 978 0 585 23453 3 Drake Samuel Adams 1899 Historic Mansions and Highways Around Boston Boston Little Brown OCLC 1838072 Fischer David Hackett 1994 Paul Revere s ride New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 508847 6 This work is extensively footnoted and contains a voluminous list of primary resources concerning all aspects of the Revere s ride and the battles at Lexington and Concord Forbes Esther 1999 1942 Paul Revere and the World He Lived in Boston Houghton Mifflin ISBN 978 0 618 00194 1 Gettemy Charles 1905 The True Story of Paul Revere Boston Little Brown OCLC 1375230 Goss Elbridge Henry 1891 The Life of Colonel Paul Revere Boston J G Cupples OCLC 3589045 Volume 2 Ketchum Robert 1999 1974 Decisive Day The Battle For Bunker Hill New York Henry Holt and Co ISBN 9780805060997 Martello Robert 2010 Midnight Ride Industrial Dawn Paul Revere and the Growth of American Enterprise Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press McDonald Forrest McDonald Ellen April 1980 The Ethnic Origins of the American People 1790 The William and Mary Quarterly Third 37 2 179 199 JSTOR 1919495 McNamara John 1978 History in Asphalt The Origin of Bronx Street and Place Names Borough of the Bronx New York City Fleischmanns New York Harbor Hill Books Miller Joel J 2010 The Revolutionary Paul Revere Nashville Tennessee Thomas Nelson ISBN 978 1 59555 074 3 Murrin John M et al 2002 1996 Liberty Equality Power A History of the American People Volume I To 1877 Florence Kentucky Wadsworth Thomson Learning Pemeliharaan CS1 Penggunaan et al yang eksplisit link Paul Revere Artisan Businessman and Patriot The Man Behind the Myth Boston Paul Revere Memorial Association PRMA 1988 Revere Paul 1961 Paul Revere s Three Accounts of His Famous Ride Introduction by Edmund Morgan Boston Massachusetts Historical Society ISBN 978 0 9619999 0 2 Ruland Richard Bradbury Malcolm 1991 From Puritanism to Postmodernism A History of American Literature New York Viking Schmidt Leah A 2002 Revere Beach Mount Pleasant SC Arcadia Publishing ISBN 978 0 7385 1030 9 Steblecki Edith J 1985 Paul Revere and Freemasonry Boston Paul Revere Memorial Association PRMA OCLC 17485269 Triber Jayne 1998 A True Republican The Life of Paul Revere Amherst Massachusetts University of Massachusetts Press ISBN 978 1 55849 139 7 United States National Archives and Records Service Papers of the Continental Congress 1774 1789 National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Upham Warren 1920 Minnesota Geographic Names Their Origin and Historic Significance St Paul Minnesota Minnesota Historical Society OCLC 34232868 Falino Jeannine 2001 The Pride Which Pervades thro every Class The Customers of Paul Revere Boston Massachusetts University Press of Virginia Federhen Deborah 1988 From Artisan to Entrepreneur Paul Revere s Silver Shop Operation Boston Massachusetts Paul Revere Memorial Association Pranala luar sunting nbsp Media terkait Paul Revere di Wikimedia Commons nbsp Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Revere Paul Encyclopaedia Britannica edisi ke 11 Cambridge University Press Paul Revere Heritage Project The Paul Revere House An interactive map showing the routes taken by Revere Dawes and Prescott Diarsipkan 2008 07 01 di Wayback Machine Original copper engravings and other documents in collections of the Massachusetts State Archives Inggris Karya atau profil mengenai Paul Revere di perpustakaan katalog WorldCat Revere Rolling Mill about the endangered original Revere copper works site in Canton MA Booknotes interview with David Hackett Fischer on Paul Revere s Ride July 17 1994 Diarsipkan 2014 12 25 di Wayback Machine Persondata Nama Revere Paul Nama alternatif Deskripsi singkat patriot dan pandai perak Amerika Tanggal lahir 21 Desember 1734 Tempat lahir Boston North End Provinsi Teluk Massachusetts Tanggal kematian 10 Mei 1818 Tempat kematian Boston Massachusetts Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Paul Revere amp oldid 23652920