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Patung Marduk juga dikenal sebagai Patung Bêl Bêl 1 adalah perwakilan fisik dari dewa Marduk dewa penjaga kota kuno Babe

Patung Marduk

Patung Marduk, juga dikenal sebagai Patung Bêl (Bêl), adalah perwakilan fisik dari dewa Marduk, dewa penjaga kota kuno Babel, yang secara tradisional disimpan di kuil utama kota tersebut, Esagila. Terdapat tujuh patung Marduk di Babel, namun 'satu' Patung Marduk umum disebut sebagai patung utama dewa tersebut, yang utamanya ditempatkan di Esagila dan dipakai dalam upacara-upacara di kota tersebut. Patung tersebut dijuluki Asullḫi dan terbuat dari sebuah jenis kayu yang disebut mēsu dan dilapisi dengan emas dan perak.

Patung Marduk digambarkan berada di atas naga Marduk, Mušḫuššu

Referensi sunting

  1. Cole & Machinist 1998, hlm. 11–13.

Daftar pustaka sunting

  • Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992), Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary, The British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-1705-8 
  • Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1575060316. 
  • Brinkman, J. A. (1973). "Sennacherib's Babylonian Problem: An Interpretation". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 25 (2): 89–95. doi:10.2307/1359421. JSTOR 1359421. 
  • Bryce, Trevor (2005). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-928132-9. 
  • Clifford, Richard J. (2003). "The Roots of Apocalypticism in Near Eastern Myth". Dalam McGinn, Bernard; Collins, John J.; Stein, Stephen. The Continuum History of Apocalypticism. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0826415202. 
  • Cole, Steven W.; Machinist, Peter (1998). Letters From Priests to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal (PDF). Helsinki University Press. ISBN 978-1575063294. 
  • Dalley, Stephanie (1997). "Statues of Marduk and the date of Enūma eliš". Altorientalische Forschungen. 24 (1): 163–171. doi:10.1524/aofo.1997.24.1.163. 
  • Dandamaev, Muhammad A. (1989). A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004091726. 
  • Dandamaev, Muhammad A. (1993). "Xerxes and the Esagila Temple in Babylon". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 7: 41–45. JSTOR 24048423. 
  • Deloucas, Andrew Alberto Nicolas (2016). "Balancing Power and Space: a Spatial Analysis of the Akītu Festival in Babylon after 626 BCE" (PDF). Research Master's Thesis for Classical and Ancient Civilizations (Assyriology). Universiteit Leiden. 
  • George, A. R. (1997). "Marduk and the cult of the gods of Nippur at Babylon". Orientalia (NOVA Series). 66 (1): 65–70. JSTOR 43076310. 
  • Herring, Stephen L. (2013). Divine Substitution: Humanity as the Manifestation of Deity in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3525536124. 
  • Hoover, Oliver D. (2011). "Never Mind the Bullocks: Taurine Imagery as a Multicultural Expression of Royal and Divine Power Under Seleukos I Nikator". Dalam Iossif, Panagiotis P.; Chankowski, Andrzej S.; Lorber, Catharine C. More Than Men, Less Than Gods: Studies on Royal Cult and Imperial Worship. Peeters. ISBN 978-9042924703. 
  • Johns, C. H. W. (1913). Ancient Babylonia. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 124. Shamash-shum-ukin. 
  • Kosmin, Paul (2014). "Seeing Double in Seleucid Babylonia: Rereading the Borsippa Cylinder of Antiochus I". Dalam Moreno, Alfonso; Thomas, Rosalind. Patterns of the Past: Epitēdeumata in the Greek Tradition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199668885. 
  • Laing, Jennifer; Frost, Warwick (2017). Royal Events: Rituals, Innovations, Meanings. Routledge. ISBN 978-1315652085. 
  • Lipschits, Oded (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1575060958. 
  • Leick, Gwendolyn (2009). The Babylonian World. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415497831. 
  • Luckenbill, Daniel David (1926). Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia Volume 1: Historical Records of Assyria From the Earliest Times to Sargon. University of Chicago Press. 
  • Oppenheim, A. Leo (1949). "The Golden Garments of the Gods". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 8 (3): 172–193. doi:10.1086/370928. JSTOR 542839. 
  • Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Heleen (2002). "The Personality of Xerxes, King of Kings". Brill's Companion to Herodotus. BRILL. hlm. 579–590. doi:10.1163/9789004217584_026. ISBN 9789004217584. 
  • Schaudig, Hanspeter (2008). ""Bēl Bows, Nabû Stoops!" the Prophecy of Isaiah XLVI 1-2 as a Reflection of Babylonian "Processional Omens"". Vetus Testamentum. 58 (4/5): 557–572. doi:10.1163/156853308X325281. JSTOR 20504432. 
  • van der Spek, R. J. (2001). "The Theatre of Babylon in Cuneiform". Veenhof Anniversary Volume: Studies Presented to Klaas R. Veenhof on the Occasion of His Sixty-fifth Birthday: 445–456. 
  • Steinkeller, Piotr (2012). "New Light on Marhaši and its Contacts with Makkan and Babylonia". Aux Marges de l'Archéologie: 261–274. 
  • Waerzeggers, Caroline (2004). "The Babylonian Revolts Against Xerxes and the 'End of Archives'". Archiv für Orientforschung. 50: 150–173. JSTOR 41668621. 
  • Waerzeggers, Caroline (2018). "Introduction: Debating Xerxes' Rule in Babylonia". Dalam Waerzeggers, Caroline; Seire, Maarja. Xerxes and Babylonia: The Cuneiform Evidence (PDF). Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-429-3670-6. 
  • Walker, Christopher; Dick, Michael Brennan (1999). "The Induction of the Cult Image in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Mesopotamian mīs pî Ritual". Dalam Dick, Michael Brennan. Born in Heaven, Made on Earth: The Making of the Cult Image in the Ancient Near East. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1575063423. 

Sumber web sunting

  • Brisch, Nicole (2016). "Marduk (god)". Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2020. 
  • Mark, Joshua J. (2016). "The Marduk Prophecy". Ancient History Encyclopedia. Diakses tanggal 9 December 2019. 
  • Parpola, Simo (1980). "The Murderer of Sennacherib". Gateways to Babylon. Diakses tanggal 14 December 2019. 

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Patung Marduk juga dikenal sebagai Patung Bel Bel 1 adalah perwakilan fisik dari dewa Marduk dewa penjaga kota kuno Babel yang secara tradisional disimpan di kuil utama kota tersebut Esagila Terdapat tujuh patung Marduk di Babel namun satu Patung Marduk umum disebut sebagai patung utama dewa tersebut yang utamanya ditempatkan di Esagila dan dipakai dalam upacara upacara di kota tersebut Patung tersebut dijuluki Asullḫi dan terbuat dari sebuah jenis kayu yang disebut mesu dan dilapisi dengan emas dan perak Patung Marduk digambarkan berada di atas naga Marduk MusḫussuReferensi sunting Cole amp Machinist 1998 hlm 11 13 Daftar pustaka sunting Black Jeremy Green Anthony 1992 Gods Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia An Illustrated Dictionary The British Museum Press ISBN 978 0 7141 1705 8 Briant Pierre 2002 From Cyrus to Alexander A History of the Persian Empire Eisenbrauns ISBN 978 1575060316 Brinkman J A 1973 Sennacherib s Babylonian Problem An Interpretation Journal of Cuneiform Studies 25 2 89 95 doi 10 2307 1359421 JSTOR 1359421 Bryce Trevor 2005 The Kingdom of the Hittites Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 928132 9 Clifford Richard J 2003 The Roots of Apocalypticism in Near Eastern Myth Dalam McGinn Bernard Collins John J Stein Stephen The Continuum History of Apocalypticism Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 0826415202 Cole Steven W Machinist Peter 1998 Letters From Priests to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal PDF Helsinki University Press ISBN 978 1575063294 Dalley Stephanie 1997 Statues of Marduk and the date of Enuma elis Altorientalische Forschungen 24 1 163 171 doi 10 1524 aofo 1997 24 1 163 Parameter s2cid yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Dandamaev Muhammad A 1989 A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire BRILL ISBN 978 9004091726 Dandamaev Muhammad A 1993 Xerxes and the Esagila Temple in Babylon Bulletin of the Asia Institute 7 41 45 JSTOR 24048423 Deloucas Andrew Alberto Nicolas 2016 Balancing Power and Space a Spatial Analysis of the Akitu Festival in Babylon after 626 BCE PDF Research Master s Thesis for Classical and Ancient Civilizations Assyriology Universiteit Leiden George A R 1997 Marduk and the cult of the gods of Nippur at Babylon Orientalia NOVA Series 66 1 65 70 JSTOR 43076310 Herring Stephen L 2013 Divine Substitution Humanity as the Manifestation of Deity in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East Vandenhoeck amp Ruprecht ISBN 978 3525536124 Hoover Oliver D 2011 Never Mind the Bullocks Taurine Imagery as a Multicultural Expression of Royal and Divine Power Under Seleukos I Nikator Dalam Iossif Panagiotis P Chankowski Andrzej S Lorber Catharine C More Than Men Less Than Gods Studies on Royal Cult and Imperial Worship Peeters ISBN 978 9042924703 Johns C H W 1913 Ancient Babylonia Cambridge University Press hlm 124 Shamash shum ukin Kosmin Paul 2014 Seeing Double in Seleucid Babylonia Rereading the Borsippa Cylinder of Antiochus I Dalam Moreno Alfonso Thomas Rosalind Patterns of the Past Epitedeumata in the Greek Tradition Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0199668885 Parameter s2cid yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Laing Jennifer Frost Warwick 2017 Royal Events Rituals Innovations Meanings Routledge ISBN 978 1315652085 Lipschits Oded 2005 The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem Judah under Babylonian Rule Eisenbrauns ISBN 978 1575060958 Leick Gwendolyn 2009 The Babylonian World Routledge ISBN 978 0415497831 Luckenbill Daniel David 1926 Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia Volume 1 Historical Records of Assyria From the Earliest Times to Sargon University of Chicago Press Oppenheim A Leo 1949 The Golden Garments of the Gods Journal of Near Eastern Studies 8 3 172 193 doi 10 1086 370928 JSTOR 542839 Sancisi Weerdenburg Heleen 2002 The Personality of Xerxes King of Kings Brill s Companion to Herodotus BRILL hlm 579 590 doi 10 1163 9789004217584 026 ISBN 9789004217584 Schaudig Hanspeter 2008 Bel Bows Nabu Stoops the Prophecy of Isaiah XLVI 1 2 as a Reflection of Babylonian Processional Omens Vetus Testamentum 58 4 5 557 572 doi 10 1163 156853308X325281 JSTOR 20504432 van der Spek R J 2001 The Theatre of Babylon in Cuneiform Veenhof Anniversary Volume Studies Presented to Klaas R Veenhof on the Occasion of His Sixty fifth Birthday 445 456 Steinkeller Piotr 2012 New Light on Marhasi and its Contacts with Makkan and Babylonia Aux Marges de l Archeologie 261 274 Waerzeggers Caroline 2004 The Babylonian Revolts Against Xerxes and the End of Archives Archiv fur Orientforschung 50 150 173 JSTOR 41668621 Waerzeggers Caroline 2018 Introduction Debating Xerxes Rule in Babylonia Dalam Waerzeggers Caroline Seire Maarja Xerxes and Babylonia The Cuneiform Evidence PDF Peeters Publishers ISBN 978 90 429 3670 6 Walker Christopher Dick Michael Brennan 1999 The Induction of the Cult Image in Ancient Mesopotamia The Mesopotamian mis pi Ritual Dalam Dick Michael Brennan Born in Heaven Made on Earth The Making of the Cult Image in the Ancient Near East Winona Lake Indiana Eisenbrauns ISBN 978 1575063423 Sumber web sunting Brisch Nicole 2016 Marduk god Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses Diakses tanggal 14 February 2020 Mark Joshua J 2016 The Marduk Prophecy Ancient History Encyclopedia Diakses tanggal 9 December 2019 Parpola Simo 1980 The Murderer of Sennacherib Gateways to Babylon Diakses tanggal 14 December 2019 nbsp Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah rintisan Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya lbs Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Patung Marduk amp oldid 18884907