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Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act PPACA 1 biasa disebut Obamacare 2 3 atau hukum layanan kesehatan federal adal

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), biasa disebut Obamacare atau hukum layanan kesehatan federal, adalah sebuah hukum federal yang disahkan oleh Presiden Barack Obama pada tanggal 23 Maret 2010. Bersama Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, UU ini mengusung perombakan regulasi sistem layanan kesehatan Amerika Serikat terbesar sejak disahkannya Medicare dan Medicaid tahun 1965.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Judul lengkapThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Akronim (tidak resmi)PPACA
JulukanAffordable Care Act, Health Insurance Reform, Healthcare Reform, Obamacare
Disahkan olehKongres Amerika Serikat ke-111
Berlaku23 Maret 2010
Kebanyakan ketetapan utama diberlakukan pada Januari 2014; ketetapan sisanya pada tahun 2020
Kutipan
Public law111–148
Statutes at Large124 Stat. 119 melalui 124 Stat. 1025 (906 halaman)
Riwayat legislatif
  • Diajukan di DPR dengan nama the "Service Members Home Ownership Tax Act of 2009" (H.R. 3590) oleh Charles Rangel (D–NY) pada tanggal 17 September 2009
  • Dipertimbangkan oleh Ways and Means
  • Disetujui DPR pada tanggal 8 Oktober 2009 (416–0)
  • Disetujui Senat dengan nama "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" pada tanggal 24 Desember 2009 (60–39) dengan amendemen
  • DPR menyetujui amendemen Senat pada tanggal 21 Maret 2010 (219–212)
  • Ditandatangani Presiden Barack Obama pada tanggal 23 Maret 2010
Amendemen besar
Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010
Comprehensive 1099 Taxpayer Protection and Repayment of Exchange Subsidy Overpayments Act of 2011
Kasus Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

PPACA lebih ditujukan untuk mengurangi jumlah warga Amerika Serikat tak terasuransikan dan seluruh biaya layanan kesehatan. UU ini menyediakan berbagai macam mekanisme—termasuk mandat, subsidi, dan kredit pajak—untuk para pengusaha dan individu demi meningkatkan tingkat cakupan asuransi. Reformasi lain bertujuan memperbaiki hasil layanan kesehatan dan menyederhanakan penyaluran layanan kesehatan. PPACA mensyaratkan perusahaan-perusahaan asuransi mencakup semua pendaftar dan menawarkan nilai yang sama tanpa melihat kondisi tak jelas atau jenis kelamin. Congressional Budget Office memperkirakan PPACA akan mengurangi defisit selanjutnya dan anggaran Medicare.

Pada tanggal 28 Jun 2012, Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat mendukung konstitusionalitas sebagian besar isi PPACA dalam kasus National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius.

Lihat pula sunting

  • Perbandingan sistem layanan kesehatan di Kanada dan Amerika Serikat
  • Reformasi layanan kesehatan Massachusetts ("RomneyCare")
  • Layanan kesehatan universal
  • National Health Insurance
  • Perbandingan layanan kesehatan Amerika Serikat dengan 8 negara lain dalam bentuk tabel

Referensi sunting

  1. Pub.L. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119, yang ditandai telah diamendemen di sejumlah pasal-pasal tentang Internal Revenue Code dan di 42 U.S.C.
  2. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama CNN20120625Obamacare
  3. Holan, Angie D. (March 20, 2012). "RomneyCare & ObamaCare: Can you tell the difference?". PolitiFact.com. Tampa Bay Times. Diakses tanggal August 29, 2012. 
  4. James Vicini and Jonathan Stempel (June 28, 2012). . Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-08-13. Diakses tanggal 2013-01-23. 
  5. Pear, Robert (July 7, 2012). "Health Law Critics Prepare to Battle Over Insurance Exchange Subsidies". New York Times. Diakses tanggal July 7, 2012. 
  6. Krugman, Paul (January 31, 2010). "Krugman calls Senate health care bill similar to law in Massachusetts". PolitiFact.com. Tampa Bay Times. Diakses tanggal August 29, 2012. 
  7. Hearst, Steven R. (June 28, 2012). "Supreme Court Upholds Heart of Obama Health Care Law Seeking to Cover 30 Million Uninsured". The Gazette. Diakses tanggal June 30, 2012. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
  8. "ObamaCare Survives the Supreme Court: 5 Takeaways". The Week. June 28, 2012. Diakses tanggal June 30, 2012. 
  9. Elmendorf, Douglas W. (March 30, 2011). "CBO's Analysis of the Major Health Care Legislation Enacted in March 2010" (pdf). Congressional Budget Office. Diakses tanggal July 15, 2012. 
  10. Elmendorf, Douglas W. (June 2011). "CBO's 2011 Long-Term Budget Outlook" (pdf). Congressional Budget Office. hlm. 44. Through those changes and numerous others, the 2010 legislation significantly decreased Medicare outlays relative to what they would have been under prior law. 
  11. Barrett, Paul M. (June 28, 2012). "Supreme Court Supports Obamacare, Bolsters Obama". BloombergBusinessweek. Diakses tanggal June 30, 2012. 
  12. National Post Wire Services (June 28, 2012). "Obamacare upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court". National Post. Diakses tanggal June 30, 2012. , termasuk ketetapan utama yang mewajibkan semua warga Amerika Serikat membeli asuransi kesehatan.

Bacaan lanjutan sunting

  • Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act, Incorporating The Manager's Amendment − December 19, 2009
    • Effects Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act On The Federal Budget And The Balance In The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (December 23, 2009)
    • Estimated Effect Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act (Incorporating The Manager's Amendment) On The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (December 23, 2009)
  • Base Analysis – H.R. 3590, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, − November 18, 2009.
    ↑ (The Additional and/or Related CBO reporting that follows can be accessed from the above link)
    • Estimated Distribution Of Individual Mandate Penalties (November 20, 2009)
    • Estimated Effects On Medicare Advantage Enrollment And Benefits Not Covered By Medicare (November 21, 2009)
    • Estimated Effects On The Status Of The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (November 21, 2009)
    • Estimated Average Premiums Under Current Law (December 5, 2009)
    • Additional Information About Employment-Based Coverage (December 7, 2009)
    • Budgetary Treatment Of Proposals To Regulate Medical Loss Ratios (December 13, 2009)

Pranala luar sunting

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act PPACA 1 biasa disebut Obamacare 2 3 atau hukum layanan kesehatan federal adalah sebuah hukum federal yang disahkan oleh Presiden Barack Obama pada tanggal 23 Maret 2010 Bersama Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act UU ini mengusung perombakan regulasi sistem layanan kesehatan Amerika Serikat terbesar sejak disahkannya Medicare dan Medicaid tahun 1965 4 Patient Protection and Affordable Care ActJudul lengkapThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care ActAkronim tidak resmi PPACAJulukanAffordable Care Act Health Insurance Reform Healthcare Reform ObamacareDisahkan olehKongres Amerika Serikat ke 111Berlaku23 Maret 2010Kebanyakan ketetapan utama diberlakukan pada Januari 2014 ketetapan sisanya pada tahun 2020KutipanPublic law111 148Statutes at Large124 Stat 119 melalui 124 Stat 1025 906 halaman Riwayat legislatifDiajukan di DPR dengan nama the Service Members Home Ownership Tax Act of 2009 H R 3590 oleh Charles Rangel D NY pada tanggal 17 September 2009Dipertimbangkan oleh Ways and MeansDisetujui DPR pada tanggal 8 Oktober 2009 416 0 Disetujui Senat dengan nama Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act pada tanggal 24 Desember 2009 60 39 dengan amendemenDPR menyetujui amendemen Senat pada tanggal 21 Maret 2010 219 212 Ditandatangani Presiden Barack Obama pada tanggal 23 Maret 2010Amendemen besarHealth Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010Comprehensive 1099 Taxpayer Protection and Repayment of Exchange Subsidy Overpayments Act of 2011Kasus Mahkamah Agung Amerika SerikatNational Federation of Independent Business v SebeliusPPACA lebih ditujukan untuk mengurangi jumlah warga Amerika Serikat tak terasuransikan dan seluruh biaya layanan kesehatan UU ini menyediakan berbagai macam mekanisme termasuk mandat subsidi dan kredit pajak untuk para pengusaha dan individu demi meningkatkan tingkat cakupan asuransi 5 6 Reformasi lain bertujuan memperbaiki hasil layanan kesehatan dan menyederhanakan penyaluran layanan kesehatan PPACA mensyaratkan perusahaan perusahaan asuransi mencakup semua pendaftar dan menawarkan nilai yang sama tanpa melihat kondisi tak jelas atau jenis kelamin 7 8 Congressional Budget Office memperkirakan PPACA akan mengurangi defisit selanjutnya 9 dan anggaran Medicare 10 Pada tanggal 28 Jun 2012 Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat mendukung konstitusionalitas sebagian besar isi PPACA dalam kasus National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius 11 12 Daftar isi 1 Lihat pula 2 Referensi 3 Bacaan lanjutan 4 Pranala luarLihat pula suntingPerbandingan sistem layanan kesehatan di Kanada dan Amerika Serikat Reformasi layanan kesehatan Massachusetts RomneyCare Layanan kesehatan universal National Health Insurance Perbandingan layanan kesehatan Amerika Serikat dengan 8 negara lain dalam bentuk tabelReferensi sunting Pub L 111 148 124 Stat 119 yang ditandai telah diamendemen di sejumlah pasal pasal tentang Internal Revenue Code dan di 42 U S C Kesalahan pengutipan Tag lt ref gt tidak sah tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama CNN20120625Obamacare Holan Angie D March 20 2012 RomneyCare amp ObamaCare Can you tell the difference PolitiFact com Tampa Bay Times Diakses tanggal August 29 2012 James Vicini and Jonathan Stempel June 28 2012 US top court upholds healthcare law in Obama triumph Reuters Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014 08 13 Diakses tanggal 2013 01 23 Pear Robert July 7 2012 Health Law Critics Prepare to Battle Over Insurance Exchange Subsidies New York Times Diakses tanggal July 7 2012 Krugman Paul January 31 2010 Krugman calls Senate health care bill similar to law in Massachusetts PolitiFact com Tampa Bay Times Diakses tanggal August 29 2012 Hearst Steven R June 28 2012 Supreme Court Upholds Heart of Obama Health Care Law Seeking to Cover 30 Million Uninsured The Gazette Diakses tanggal June 30 2012 pranala nonaktif permanen ObamaCare Survives the Supreme Court 5 Takeaways The Week June 28 2012 Diakses tanggal June 30 2012 Elmendorf Douglas W March 30 2011 CBO s Analysis of the Major Health Care Legislation Enacted in March 2010 pdf Congressional Budget Office Diakses tanggal July 15 2012 Elmendorf Douglas W June 2011 CBO s 2011 Long Term Budget Outlook pdf Congressional Budget Office hlm 44 Through those changes and numerous others the 2010 legislation significantly decreased Medicare outlays relative to what they would have been under prior law Barrett Paul M June 28 2012 Supreme Court Supports Obamacare Bolsters Obama BloombergBusinessweek Diakses tanggal June 30 2012 National Post Wire Services June 28 2012 Obamacare upheld by the U S Supreme Court National Post Diakses tanggal June 30 2012 termasuk ketetapan utama yang mewajibkan semua warga Amerika Serikat membeli asuransi kesehatan Bacaan lanjutan suntingBarr Donald A 2011 Introduction to U S Health Policy The Organization Financing and Delivery of Health Care in America JHU Press CCH 2010 Law Explanation and Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Including Reconciliation Act Impact CCH Incorporated 1183pp Feldman Arthur M 2011 Understanding Health Care Reform Bridging the Gap Between Myth and Reality CRC Press Jacobs Lawrence R Theda Skocpol 2010 Health Care Reform and American Politics Oxford U P John E McDonough 2011 Inside National Health Reform University of California Press ISBN 9780520270190 Parameter month yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan Dokumen awal CBOPatient Protection And Affordable Care Act Incorporating The Manager s Amendment December 19 2009 Effects Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act On The Federal Budget And The Balance In The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund December 23 2009 Estimated Effect Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Incorporating The Manager s Amendment On The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund December 23 2009 Base Analysis H R 3590 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act November 18 2009 The Additional and or Related CBO reporting that follows can be accessed from the above link Estimated Distribution Of Individual Mandate Penalties November 20 2009 Estimated Effects On Medicare Advantage Enrollment And Benefits Not Covered By Medicare November 21 2009 Estimated Effects On The Status Of The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund November 21 2009 Estimated Average Premiums Under Current Law December 5 2009 Additional Information About Employment Based Coverage December 7 2009 Budgetary Treatment Of Proposals To Regulate Medical Loss Ratios December 13 2009 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMS Perkiraan dampak P L 111 148Estimated Financial Effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as Amended April 22 2010 Estimated Effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as Amended on the Year of Exhaustion for the Part A Trust Fund Part B Premiums and Part A and Part B Coinsurance Amounts April 22 2010 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMS Perkiraan dampak H R 3590Estimated Financial Effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2009 as Proposed by the Senate Majority Leader on November 18 2009 December 10 2009 Estimated Effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on the Year of Exhaustion for the Part A Trust Fund Part B Premiums and Part A and Part B Coinsurance Amounts December 10 2009 Pranala luar suntingCari tahu mengenai Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act pada proyek proyek Wikimedia lainnya nbsp Gambar dan media dari Commons nbsp Berita dari Wikinews nbsp Teks sumber dari WikisourceVideo Obama signs Healthcare Bill Supreme Court Ruling on the ACA June 28 2012 Diarsipkan 2012 06 28 di Wayback Machine Remarks by the President on Supreme Court Ruling on the Affordable Care Act June 28 2012 HealthCare gov Department of Health and Human Services website on the law Inggris Affordable Care Act Berita dan komentar di The New York Times Inggris Health Reform Kumpulan berita dan komentar di The Wall Street Journal Basics Health care reform issues as provided by Emily Smith from CNN June 25 2012 Timeline of the health care law as provided by CNN June 17 2012 Kaiser Family Foundation Health Reform Subsidy Calculator Premium Assistance for Coverage in Exchanges Gateways Diarsipkan 2013 04 22 di Wayback Machine Three Days of Argument Obamacare On Trial Audiobook Diarsipkan 2014 07 02 di Wayback Machine Complete coverage of the arguments to the Supreme Court regarding Obamacare Supreme Court ruling caps a century of American debate over how to get medical care for all pranala nonaktif permanen An Associated Press timeline published on June 28 2012 by The Washington Post about key events in a century of debate over what role the government should play in helping people in the United States afford medical care HealthReformGPS org Diarsipkan 2014 11 09 di Wayback Machine Tracking and explanation of the law as it is implemented by analysts at the Hirsh Health Law and Policy program of the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services Ambinder Marc March 22 2010 Has Romney Lost The RomneyCare ObamaCare Argument The Atlantic Diakses tanggal 2011 04 07 Salinan RUUPDF of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act PPACA Public Law 111 148 after consolidating the amendments made by Title X of PPACA itself and by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 HCERA Public Law 111 152 into one revision Plain Text or PDF formats of H R 3590 Public Law 111 148 as engrossed or passed by the Senate and printed via FDsys The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act full text summary background provisions and more via Democratic Policy Committee Senate gov Summary of H R 3590 pranala nonaktif permanen March 23 2010 via THOMAS Entry for H R 3590 at GovTrack The law as published by the U S Government Printing Office Lines Crossed Separation of Church and State Has the Obama Administration Trampled on Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Conscience Hearing before the Congressional Committee on Oversight and Government Reform February 16 2012 Lines Crossed Separation of Church and State Part 1 Lines Crossed Separation of Church and State Part 2 Where Are the Women Lawmakers Walk Out on Contraception Rule Hearing After Female Witness Barred Democracy Now February 17 2012 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act amp oldid 23887799