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Masyarakat Sande Sande juga dikenal sebagai zadεgi bundu bundo dan bondo adalah sebuah perhimpunan rahasia wanita di Lib

Masyarakat Sande

Sande, juga dikenal sebagai zadεgi, bundu, bundo dan bondo, adalah sebuah perhimpunan rahasia wanita di Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea dan Pantai Gading. Masyarakat Sande mengikrarkan para gadis yang memasuki masa dewasa dengan ritual-ritual yang meliputi sunat perempuan.

Masyarakat Sande menginisiasikan penandaan dengan tanah liat putih dan lemak hewan, yang disebut Hojo atau Wojeh.

Referensi sunting

  1. MacCormack, Carol P. (1975). Dana Raphael, ed. Bundu: Political Implications of Female Solidarity in a Secret Society. The Hague: Mouton. ISBN 0-202-01151-8. 

Sumber lain dan bacaan tambahan sunting

  • Abraham, Arthur. Mende Government and Politics under Colonial Rule, Sierra Leone Univ. Press (dist.by Oxford), 1978. ISBN 0-19-711638-8
  • Bledsoe, Caroline. Women and Marriage in Kpelle Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980. ISBN 0-8047-1019-8
  • Boone, Sylvia A. Radiance from the Waters: Ideals of Feminine Beauty in Mende Art. (Yale Publications in the History of Art 34). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. ISBN 0-300-03576-4
  • Dapper, O. Naukeurige Beschrijvinge der Afrikaensche Gewesten van Egypten, Barbaryen, Libyen, Biledulgerid, Guinea, Ethiopiën, Abyssine ..., Amsterdam: J. van Meurs, 1668.
  • Day, Lynda Rose. The Female Chiefs of the Mende, 1885-1977: Tracing the Evolution of an Indigenous Political Institution. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1988.
  • d'Azevedo, Warren L. (1962) Some Historical Problems in the Delineation of A Central West Atlantic Region. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 96: 512-538.
  • d'Azevedo, Warren L. (1980) African Art of the West Atlantic Coast: Transition in Form and Content, by Frederick Lamp. L. Kahan Gallery, New York, 1979. African Arts 14(1): 81-88.
  • Dubinskas, Frank A. "Everywoman" and the "Super"-Woman: An Investigation of the Sowo, Spirit of the Mende Women's Secret Society, Sande: The Relation of Her Form as an Ideological Construction to its Bases in the Social and Economic Position of Women. Unpublished manuscript, 1976.
  • Easmon, M. C. F. (1958) Madam Yoko: Ruler of the Mendi Confederacy. Sierra Leone Studies (n.s.) 11: 165-168.
  • Holsoe, Svend E. (1980) Notes on the Vai Sande Society in Liberia. Ethnologische Zeitschrift 1: 97-109.
  • Jedrej, M. C. (1990) Structural Aspects of a West African Secret Society. Ethnologische Zeitschrift 1: 133-142.
  • Jedrej, M. C. (1986) Cosmology and Symbolism on the Central Guinea Coast. Anthropos 81: 497-515.
  • Lamp, Frederick (1985) Cosmos, Cosmetics, and the Spirit of Bondo, African Arts, 18:3, 28-43+98-99.
  • Leopold, Robert S. (1983) The Shaping of Men and the Making of Metaphors: The Meaning of White Clay in Poro and Sande Initiation Society Rituals. Anthropology 7(2): 21-42.
  • MacCormack, Carol P. [Hoffer] Madam Yoko: Ruler of the Kpa Mende Confederacy. In Woman, Culture and Society, edited by Michele Z. Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere, pp. 171–187, 333-334. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974. ISBN 0-8047-0850-9
  • MacCormack, Carol P. [Hoffer]. Bundu: Political Implications of Female Solidarity in a Secret Society. In Being Female: Reproduction, Power, and Change, edited by Dana Raphael, pp. 155–163. The Hague: Mouton, 1975. ISBN 0-202-01151-8
  • MacCormack, Carol P. [Hoffer]. Health, Fertility and Birth in Moyamba District, Sierra Leone. In Ethnography of Fertility and Birth. C. P. MacCormack, ed. pp. 115–139. NY: Academic Press, 1982. ISBN 0-12-463550-4
  • Phillips, Ruth. B. (1995) Representing Woman: Sande Masquerades of the Mende of Sierra Leone. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History. ISBN 0-930741-45-5
  • Sawyerr, Harry and S. K. Todd (1970) The Significance of the Numbers Three and Four among the Mende of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone Studies (n.s.) 26: 29-36.
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Sande juga dikenal sebagai zadegi bundu bundo dan bondo adalah sebuah perhimpunan rahasia wanita di Liberia Sierra Leone Guinea dan Pantai Gading Masyarakat Sande mengikrarkan para gadis yang memasuki masa dewasa dengan ritual ritual yang meliputi sunat perempuan 1 Masyarakat Sande menginisiasikan penandaan dengan tanah liat putih dan lemak hewan yang disebut Hojo atau Wojeh Referensi sunting MacCormack Carol P 1975 Dana Raphael ed Bundu Political Implications of Female Solidarity in a Secret Society The Hague Mouton ISBN 0 202 01151 8 Sumber lain dan bacaan tambahan suntingAbraham Arthur Mende Government and Politics under Colonial Rule Sierra Leone Univ Press dist by Oxford 1978 ISBN 0 19 711638 8 Bledsoe Caroline Women and Marriage in Kpelle Society Stanford Stanford University Press 1980 ISBN 0 8047 1019 8 Boone Sylvia A Radiance from the Waters Ideals of Feminine Beauty in Mende Art Yale Publications in the History of Art 34 New Haven Yale University Press 1986 ISBN 0 300 03576 4 Dapper O Naukeurige Beschrijvinge der Afrikaensche Gewesten van Egypten Barbaryen Libyen Biledulgerid Guinea Ethiopien Abyssine Amsterdam J van Meurs 1668 Day Lynda Rose The Female Chiefs of the Mende 1885 1977 Tracing the Evolution of an Indigenous Political Institution Ph D dissertation University of Wisconsin Madison 1988 d Azevedo Warren L 1962 Some Historical Problems in the Delineation of A Central West Atlantic Region Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 96 512 538 d Azevedo Warren L 1980 African Art of the West Atlantic Coast Transition in Form and Content by Frederick Lamp L Kahan Gallery New York 1979 African Arts 14 1 81 88 Dubinskas Frank A Everywoman and the Super Woman An Investigation of the Sowo Spirit of the Mende Women s Secret Society Sande The Relation of Her Form as an Ideological Construction to its Bases in the Social and Economic Position of Women Unpublished manuscript 1976 Easmon M C F 1958 Madam Yoko Ruler of the Mendi Confederacy Sierra Leone Studies n s 11 165 168 1 Holsoe Svend E 1980 Notes on the Vai Sande Society in Liberia Ethnologische Zeitschrift 1 97 109 Jedrej M C 1990 Structural Aspects of a West African Secret Society Ethnologische Zeitschrift 1 133 142 Jedrej M C 1986 Cosmology and Symbolism on the Central Guinea Coast Anthropos 81 497 515 Lamp Frederick 1985 Cosmos Cosmetics and the Spirit of Bondo African Arts 18 3 28 43 98 99 Leopold Robert S 1983 The Shaping of Men and the Making of Metaphors The Meaning of White Clay in Poro and Sande Initiation Society Rituals Anthropology 7 2 21 42 MacCormack Carol P Hoffer Madam Yoko Ruler of the Kpa Mende Confederacy In Woman Culture and Society edited by Michele Z Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere pp 171 187 333 334 Stanford Stanford University Press 1974 ISBN 0 8047 0850 9 MacCormack Carol P Hoffer Bundu Political Implications of Female Solidarity in a Secret Society In Being Female Reproduction Power and Change edited by Dana Raphael pp 155 163 The Hague Mouton 1975 ISBN 0 202 01151 8 MacCormack Carol P Hoffer Health Fertility and Birth in Moyamba District Sierra Leone In Ethnography of Fertility and Birth C P MacCormack ed pp 115 139 NY Academic Press 1982 ISBN 0 12 463550 4 Phillips Ruth B 1995 Representing Woman Sande Masquerades of the Mende of Sierra Leone Los Angeles UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History ISBN 0 930741 45 5 Sawyerr Harry and S K Todd 1970 The Significance of the Numbers Three and Four among the Mende of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Studies n s 26 29 36 nbsp Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Sande society Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Masyarakat Sande amp oldid 23281870