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Lockheed P 38 Lightning adalah sebuah pesawat tempur berkursi tunggal dan bermesin ganda buatan Amerika Serikat yang dir

Lockheed P-38 Lightning

Lockheed P-38 Lightning adalah sebuah pesawat tempur berkursi tunggal dan bermesin ganda buatan Amerika Serikat yang dirancang oleh Clarence "Kelly" Johnson pada akhir tahun 1930-an dan digunakan selama Perang Dunia II. Selain bertugas sebagai pesawat tempur umum, P-38 Lightning juga sangat efektif difungsikan sebagai pesawat tempur pengebom, pesawat tempur malam, dan sebagai pengawal pembom jarak jauh ketika dilengkapi dengan tangki bahan bakar tambahan.

P-38 Lightning
Pesawat Lockheed P-38J Lightning "Yippee"
TipePesawat tempur
Pesawat tempur pengebom
ProdusenLockheed Corporation
PerancangClarence "Kelly" Johnson
Terbang perdana27 Januari 1939
DiperkenalkanJuli 1941
Dipensiunkan1949 (United States Air Force) 1965 (Honduran Air Force)
Pengguna utamaUnited States Army Air Force
Free French Air Force
Tahun produksi1941-45
Jumlah produksi10,037
Harga satuanUS$97,000 (Rp1,50 Miliar) pada tahun 1944

Referensi sunting

  • Abela, Stephen. "Airfield Tales: Lincolnshire’s wartime legacy." 2007-08-04 di Wayback Machine. www.jamesabela.co.uk (Video documentary), 2006.
  • Bodie, Warren M. The Lockheed P-38 Lightning: The Definitive Story of Lockheed's P-38 Fighter. Hayesville, North Carolina: Widewing Publications, 2001, 1991. ISBN 0-9629359-5-6.
  • Boyne, Walter J. Silver wings: A History of the United States Air Force. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. ISBN 0-671-78537-0.
  • Bruning, John R. Jungle Ace. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2003. ISBN 1-61234-086-5.
  • Caidin, Martin. Fork-tailed Devil. New York: Ballantine Books, 1983. ISBN 0-345-31292-9.
  • Cain, Charles W. and Mike Jerram. Fighters of World War II. New York: Exeter Books, 1979. ISBN 0-89673-026-3.
  • Cesarani, David and Sarah Kavanaugh. Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies, Volume 5. Abingdon, Oxford, UK: Routledge, 2004. ISBN 0-415-31871-8.
  • Christy, Joe and Jeffrey L. Ethell. P-38 Lightning at War. New York: Scribners, 1977. ISBN 0-684-15740-3.
  • Dimensione cielo. Caccia Assalto 3 - aerei italiani nella 2a guerra mondiale (in Italian). Rome: Edizioni Bizzarri, 1973. NO ISBN.
  • Donald, David, ed. "Lockheed P-38 Lightning." The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada: Prospero Books, 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
  • Dorr, Robert F. and David Donald. Fighters of the US Air Force: From World War I Pursuits to the F-117. New York: Military Press, 1990. ISBN 0-517-66994-3.
  • Ethell, Jeffrey L. P-38 Lightning in World War II Color. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1994. ISBN 0-87938-868-4.
  • Ethell, Jeffrey L. et al. "P-38 Lightning." The Great Book of World War II Airplanes (Originally published as 12 separate volumes for each individual aircraft). Tokyo: Bonanza Books, 1984. ISBN 0-517-45993-0.
  • Francillon, René J. Lockheed Aircraft since 1913. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1987. (Originally published by Putnam Aeronautical Books, London). ISBN 978-0-87021-897-2.
  • Galland. Adolf. The First and The Last: The Rise and Fall of the German Fighter Forces, 1938–1945. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1954. No ISBN.
  • Gunston, Bill. Aircraft of World War II. New York: Crescent Books, 1980. ISBN 0-517-31680-3.
  • Gunston, Bill. The Illustrated History of Fighters. New York: Pocket Books, 1981. ISBN 0-671-05655-7.
  • Hatch, Herbert. An Ace and his Angel: Memoirs of a World War II Fighter Pilot. Nashville, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN 1-56311-574-3.
  • Hearn, Chester G. Air Force: An Illustrated History: The U.S. Air Force from 1907 to the 21st Century. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint, 2008. ISBN 0-7603-3308-4.
  • Holls, Dave and Michael Lamm. A Century of Automotive Style: 100 Years of American Car Design. Stockton, California: Lamm-Morada Publishing Co., 1996. ISBN 978-0-932128-07-2.
  • Kaplan, Philip and Andy Saunders. Little Friends: The Fighter Pilot Experience in World War II England. New York: Random House, 1991. ISBN 0-394-58434-1.
  • Kenney, George C. General Kenney Reports: A Personal History of the Pacific War. Darby, Pennsylvania: DIANE, 1997, First edition 1949. ISBN 0-912799-44-7.
  • Kirkland, Richard. War Pilot: True Tales of Combat and Adventure. New York: Ballantine Books, 2003. ISBN 0-345-45812-5.
  • Knaack, Marcelle Size. Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems: Volume 1 Post-World War II Fighters 1945–1973. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1978. ISBN 0-912799-59-5.
  • Maloney, Edward T. Lockheed P-38 "Lightning", Aero Series Vol. 19, Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1968.
  • McFarland, Stephen L. A Concise History of the U.S. Air Force. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, Fiftieth Anniversary Commemorative edition 1997. ISBN 0-16-049208-4.
  • Neulen, Hans Werner. In the Skies of Europe. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 2000. ISBN 1-86126-799-1.
  • Of Men and Stars: A History of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1913–1957. Burbank, California: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1958.
  • Schiff, Stacy. Saint-Exupéry: A Biography. New York: Henry Holt 2006, First edition 1994. ISBN 978-0-679-40310-4.
  • Schom, Alan. The Eagle and the Rising Sun: The Japanese–American War, 1941–1943, Pearl Harbor Through Guadalcanal. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004. ISBN 0-393-04924-8.
  • Schnitzler, R., G.W. Feuchter and R. Schulz, eds. Handbuch der Luftfahrt (Manual of Aviation) (in German). Munich: J.F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1939.
  • Scutts, Jerry. Bf 109 Aces of North Africa and the Mediterranean. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85532-448-2.
  • Scutts, Jerry. Lockheed P-38 Lightning. London: The Crowood Press, 2006. ISBN 1-86126-770-3.
  • Sgarlato, Nico. "I P-38 Italiani. (in Italian)". Aerei Nella Storia n.21, December 2000.
  • Sims, Edward H. Fighter Tactics and Strategy 1914–1970. Fallbrook, California: Aero publisher Inc., 1980. ISBN 0-8168-8795-0.
  • Spick, Mike. Fighter Pilot Tactics: The Techniques of Daylight Air Combat. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens, 1983. ISBN 0-85059-617-3.
  • Spick, Mike. The Illustrated Directory of Fighters. St. Paul, Minnesota: Salamander Books, 2002. ISBN 0-7603-1343-1.
  • Stanaway, John C. P-38 Lightning Aces of the Pacific and CBI. New York: Osprey, 1997. ISBN 1-85532-633-7.
  • Stanaway, John C. P-38 Lightning Aces of the ETO/MTO. London: Osprey Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-85532-698-1.
  • Stanaway, John C. P-39 Airacobra Aces of World War 2. London: Osprey Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-84176-204-0.
  • Thompson, J. Steve with Peter C. Smith. Air Combat Manoeuvres: The Technique and History of Air Fighting for Flight Simulation. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-903223-98-7.
  • Thornborough, Anthony M. and Peter E. Davies. Lockheed Blackbirds. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1988. ISBN 978-0-7110-1794-8.
  • Tillman, Barrett. Brassey's D-Day Encyclopedia: The Normandy Invasion A–Z. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books (formerly Brassey's, Inc.), 2004. ISBN 1-57488-760-2.
  • United States Air Force Museum Guidebook. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1987.
  • Villagrán Kramer, Francisco. Biografía política de Guatemala (in Spanish). Guatemala City: Guatemala: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), 1993. ISBN 978-99939-72-01-3

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Lockheed P 38 Lightning adalah sebuah pesawat tempur berkursi tunggal dan bermesin ganda buatan Amerika Serikat yang dirancang oleh Clarence Kelly Johnson pada akhir tahun 1930 an dan digunakan selama Perang Dunia II Selain bertugas sebagai pesawat tempur umum P 38 Lightning juga sangat efektif difungsikan sebagai pesawat tempur pengebom pesawat tempur malam dan sebagai pengawal pembom jarak jauh ketika dilengkapi dengan tangki bahan bakar tambahan P 38 LightningPesawat Lockheed P 38J Lightning Yippee TipePesawat tempurPesawat tempur pengebomProdusenLockheed CorporationPerancangClarence Kelly JohnsonTerbang perdana27 Januari 1939DiperkenalkanJuli 1941Dipensiunkan1949 United States Air Force 1965 Honduran Air Force Pengguna utamaUnited States Army Air ForceFree French Air ForceTahun produksi1941 45Jumlah produksi10 037Harga satuanUS 97 000 Rp1 50 Miliar pada tahun 1944Referensi suntingAbela Stephen Airfield Tales Lincolnshire s wartime legacy Diarsipkan 2007 08 04 di Wayback Machine www jamesabela co uk Video documentary 2006 Bodie Warren M The Lockheed P 38 Lightning The Definitive Story of Lockheed s P 38 Fighter Hayesville North Carolina Widewing Publications 2001 1991 ISBN 0 9629359 5 6 Boyne Walter J Silver wings A History of the United States Air Force New York Simon amp Schuster 1993 ISBN 0 671 78537 0 Bruning John R Jungle Ace Dulles Virginia Potomac Books 2003 ISBN 1 61234 086 5 Caidin Martin Fork tailed Devil New York Ballantine Books 1983 ISBN 0 345 31292 9 Cain Charles W and Mike Jerram Fighters of World War II New York Exeter Books 1979 ISBN 0 89673 026 3 Cesarani David and Sarah Kavanaugh Holocaust Critical Concepts in Historical Studies Volume 5 Abingdon Oxford UK Routledge 2004 ISBN 0 415 31871 8 Christy Joe and Jeffrey L Ethell P 38 Lightning at War New York Scribners 1977 ISBN 0 684 15740 3 Dimensione cielo Caccia Assalto 3 aerei italiani nella 2a guerra mondiale in Italian Rome Edizioni Bizzarri 1973 NO ISBN Donald David ed Lockheed P 38 Lightning The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft Etobicoke Ontario Canada Prospero Books 1997 ISBN 1 85605 375 X Dorr Robert F and David Donald Fighters of the US Air Force From World War I Pursuits to the F 117 New York Military Press 1990 ISBN 0 517 66994 3 Ethell Jeffrey L P 38 Lightning in World War II Color St Paul Minnesota Motorbooks International 1994 ISBN 0 87938 868 4 Ethell Jeffrey L et al P 38 Lightning The Great Book of World War II Airplanes Originally published as 12 separate volumes for each individual aircraft Tokyo Bonanza Books 1984 ISBN 0 517 45993 0 Francillon Rene J Lockheed Aircraft since 1913 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press 1987 Originally published by Putnam Aeronautical Books London ISBN 978 0 87021 897 2 Galland Adolf The First and The Last The Rise and Fall of the German Fighter Forces 1938 1945 New York Henry Holt and Company 1954 No ISBN Gunston Bill Aircraft of World War II New York Crescent Books 1980 ISBN 0 517 31680 3 Gunston Bill The Illustrated History of Fighters New York Pocket Books 1981 ISBN 0 671 05655 7 Hatch Herbert An Ace and his Angel Memoirs of a World War II Fighter Pilot Nashville Kentucky Turner Publishing Company 2000 ISBN 1 56311 574 3 Hearn Chester G Air Force An Illustrated History The U S Air Force from 1907 to the 21st Century Minneapolis Minnesota Zenith Imprint 2008 ISBN 0 7603 3308 4 Holls Dave and Michael Lamm A Century of Automotive Style 100 Years of American Car Design Stockton California Lamm Morada Publishing Co 1996 ISBN 978 0 932128 07 2 Kaplan Philip and Andy Saunders Little Friends The Fighter Pilot Experience in World War II England New York Random House 1991 ISBN 0 394 58434 1 Kenney George C General Kenney Reports A Personal History of the Pacific War Darby Pennsylvania DIANE 1997 First edition 1949 ISBN 0 912799 44 7 Kirkland Richard War Pilot True Tales of Combat and Adventure New York Ballantine Books 2003 ISBN 0 345 45812 5 Knaack Marcelle Size Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems Volume 1 Post World War II Fighters 1945 1973 Washington D C Office of Air Force History 1978 ISBN 0 912799 59 5 Maloney Edward T Lockheed P 38 Lightning Aero Series Vol 19 Fallbrook California Aero Publishers Inc 1968 McFarland Stephen L A Concise History of the U S Air Force Washington D C Government Printing Office Fiftieth Anniversary Commemorative edition 1997 ISBN 0 16 049208 4 Neulen Hans Werner In the Skies of Europe Ramsbury Marlborough UK The Crowood Press 2000 ISBN 1 86126 799 1 Of Men and Stars A History of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation 1913 1957 Burbank California Lockheed Aircraft Corporation 1958 Schiff Stacy Saint Exupery A Biography New York Henry Holt 2006 First edition 1994 ISBN 978 0 679 40310 4 Schom Alan The Eagle and the Rising Sun The Japanese American War 1941 1943 Pearl Harbor Through Guadalcanal New York W W Norton 2004 ISBN 0 393 04924 8 Schnitzler R G W Feuchter and R Schulz eds Handbuch der Luftfahrt Manual of Aviation in German Munich J F Lehmanns Verlag 1939 Scutts Jerry Bf 109 Aces of North Africa and the Mediterranean Oxford UK Osprey Publishing 1994 ISBN 1 85532 448 2 Scutts Jerry Lockheed P 38 Lightning London The Crowood Press 2006 ISBN 1 86126 770 3 Sgarlato Nico I P 38 Italiani in Italian Aerei Nella Storia n 21 December 2000 Sims Edward H Fighter Tactics and Strategy 1914 1970 Fallbrook California Aero publisher Inc 1980 ISBN 0 8168 8795 0 Spick Mike Fighter Pilot Tactics The Techniques of Daylight Air Combat Cambridge UK Patrick Stephens 1983 ISBN 0 85059 617 3 Spick Mike The Illustrated Directory of Fighters St Paul Minnesota Salamander Books 2002 ISBN 0 7603 1343 1 Stanaway John C P 38 Lightning Aces of the Pacific and CBI New York Osprey 1997 ISBN 1 85532 633 7 Stanaway John C P 38 Lightning Aces of the ETO MTO London Osprey Publishing 1998 ISBN 1 85532 698 1 Stanaway John C P 39 Airacobra Aces of World War 2 London Osprey Publishing 2001 ISBN 1 84176 204 0 Thompson J Steve with Peter C Smith Air Combat Manoeuvres The Technique and History of Air Fighting for Flight Simulation Hersham Surrey UK Ian Allan Publishing 2008 ISBN 978 1 903223 98 7 Thornborough Anthony M and Peter E Davies Lockheed Blackbirds St Paul Minnesota Motorbooks International 1988 ISBN 978 0 7110 1794 8 Tillman Barrett Brassey s D Day Encyclopedia The Normandy Invasion A Z Dulles Virginia Potomac Books formerly Brassey s Inc 2004 ISBN 1 57488 760 2 United States Air Force Museum Guidebook Wright Patterson AFB Ohio Air Force Museum Foundation 1987 Villagran Kramer Francisco Biografia politica de Guatemala in Spanish Guatemala City Guatemala Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales FLACSO 1993 ISBN 978 99939 72 01 3Pranala luar suntingManual 1943 AN 01 75FF 2 Erection and Maintenance Instructions for Army Model P 38L 1 Airplane United States Air Force Museum P 38 page German Pilots Renamed It Gabelschwanz Teufel Fork tailed Devil Popular Science September 1943 Diarsipkan 2012 10 10 di Wayback Machine YouTube Lockheed P 38 Flight Characteristics 1943 footage The Lockheed Lightning a 1943 Flight article Jap hunting without a Gun a 1943 Lockheed advertisement in Flight Manual 1943 AN 01 75FF 2 Erection and Maintenance Instructions for Army Model P 38L 1 Airplane United States Air Force Museum P 38 page German Pilots Renamed It Gabelschwanz Teufel Fork tailed Devil Popular Science September 1943 Diarsipkan 2012 10 10 di Wayback Machine YouTube Lockheed P 38 Flight Characteristics 1943 footage The Lockheed Lightning a 1943 Flight article Jap hunting without a Gun a 1943 Lockheed advertisement in Flight Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Lockheed P 38 Lightning amp oldid 24897756