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Artikel ini bukan mengenai Lobektomi Lobotomi atau leukotomi adalah bentuk perawatan bedah saraf untuk gangguan kejiwaan atau gangguan neurologis misalnya epilepsi yang melibatkan pemutusan koneksi di korteks prefrontal otak 2 Pembedahan ini menyebabkan sebagian besar koneksi ke dan dari korteks prefrontal bagian anterior dari lobus frontal otak terputus LobotomiIntervensi Dr Walter Freeman kiri dan Dr James W Watts right mempelajari sebuah gambar sinar X sebelum operasi psikosurgis Bedah jiwa adalah memotong otak untuk membentuk pola pola baru dan membersihkan pasien dari delusi obsesi ketegangan saraf dan sejenisnya Waldemar Kaempffert Turning the Mind Inside Out Saturday Evening Post 24 Mei 1941 1 SinonimLeukotomiICD 9 CM01 32MeSHD011612 sunting di Wikidata Pada masa lalu perawatan ini digunakan untuk mengobati gangguan kejiwaan sebagai prosedur utama di beberapa negara Prosedur ini kontroversial sejak awal penggunaannya sebagian karena kurangnya pemahaman atas tingkat keparahan dan kronisitas penyakit kejiwaan yang parah dan bertahan lama sehingga diklaim sebagai pengobatan yang tidak tepat 3 Bedah lobus frontal termasuk lobotomi adalah operasi kedua yang paling umum untuk epilepsi hingga hari ini dan biasanya dilakukan pada satu sisi otak tidak seperti lobotomi untuk gangguan kejiwaan yang dilakukan pada kedua sisi otak 4 Pencetus prosedur ini ahli saraf Portugis Antonio Egas Moniz berbagi Penghargaan Nobel untuk Fisiologi atau Kedokteran tahun 1949 untuk penemuan nilai terapeutik leukotomi dalam psikosis tertentu n 1 meskipun pemberian penghargaan ini telah menjadi subyek kontroversi 6 Penggunaan prosedur ini meningkat secara dramatis dari awal tahun 1940 an hingga 1950 an pada tahun 1951 hampir 20 000 lobotomi telah dilakukan di Amerika Serikat dan lebih banyak lagi secara proporsional di Britania Raya 7 Lebih banyak lobotomi dilakukan pada wanita daripada pria sebuah studi tahun 1951 menemukan bahwa hampir 60 pasien lobotomi Amerika adalah wanita dan data terbatas menunjukkan bahwa 74 lobotomi di Ontario dari tahun 1948 hingga 1952 dilakukan pada pasien wanita 8 9 10 Lobotomi mulai ditinggalkan pada tahun 1950 an 11 pertama di Uni Soviet 12 dan Eropa 13 Istilah ini berasal dari bahasa Yunani bahasa Yunani lobos lobos lobus dan tomh tome memotong mengiris Daftar isi 1 Lihat pula 2 Catatan 3 Kutipan 4 Sumber 5 Pranala luarLihat pula SuntingCingulotomi bilateral penghancuran sebagian dari otak Bioetika dan Etika medis Gangguan lobus frontal Cedera lobus frontal Bedah jiwa psychosurgery Sejarah bedah jiwa di Britania RayaCatatan Sunting Walter Rudolf Hess yang merupakan pemenang bersama dengan Moniz dari Penghargaan Nobel pada tahun 1949 untuk karyanya pada fungsi otak tengah tidak memiliki keterlibatan dengan leukotomi 5 Kutipan Sunting Kaempffert 1941 hlm 18 Lobotomy Definition Procedure amp History Live Science Diakses tanggal 2018 06 28 Raz 2009 hlm 116 Hirata Sachiko Morino Michiharu Nakae Shunsuke Matsumoto Takahiro January 2020 Surgical Technique and Outcome of Extensive Frontal Lobectomy for Treatment of Intracable Non lesional Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Neurologia Medico chirurgica 60 1 17 25 doi 10 2176 nmc oa 2018 0286 ISSN 0470 8105 PMC 6970070 nbsp PMID 31801933 Nobelprize org 2013 Sutherland 2004 Levinson Hugh 8 November 2011 The strange and curious history of lobotomy BBC News BBC Johnson Jenell 2014 American Lobotomy A Rhetorical History University of Michigan Press hlm 50 60 ISBN 978 0472119448 Diakses tanggal 12 August 2017 El Hai Jack 2016 12 21 Race and Gender in the Selection of Patients for Lobotomy Wonders amp Marvels Diakses tanggal 12 August 2017 Lobotomies Western University Diakses tanggal 12 August 2017 Kalat James W 2007 Biological psychology edisi ke 9th Belmont California Wadsworth Thomson Learning hlm 101 ISBN 9780495090793 Zajicek Benjamin 2017 Banning the Soviet Lobotomy Psychiatry Ethics and Professional Politics during Late Stalinism Bulletin of the History of Medicine 91 1 33 61 doi 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Last Summer Dramatists Play Service 1998 ISBN 978 0 8222 1094 8 Wood Jeffrey C Wood Minnie Therapy 101 A Brief Look at Modern Psychotherapy Techniques amp How They Can Help New Harbinger Publications 2008 ISBN 978 1 57224 568 6 Wright Frank Leon Out of Sight Out of Mind A Graphic Picture of Present day Institutional Care of the Mentally Ill in America Based on More Than Two Thousand Eye witness Reports Philadelphia Mental Health Foundation 1947 Sumber daring Dully Howard NPR My Lobotomy Howard Dully s Journey podcast 16 November 2005 cited 28 November 2009 Jansson Bengt Nobel Media cited 24 January 2012 Controversial Psychosurgery Resulted in a Nobel Prize 29 October 1998 Macmillan Malcolm The Center for the History of Psychology University of Akron Ohio The Phineas Gage Information Page Lobotomy 1999 2012 cited 21 March 2009 Nobel Media The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949 Walter Hess Egas Moniz 2013 cited 24 January 2013 Sutherland John Should they de Nobel Moniz 5 August 2004 cited 22 December 2011 Pranala luar Sunting nbsp Lihat informasi mengenai lobotomi di Wiktionary My Lobotomy Radio story Interview with Sallie Ellen Ionesco lobotomised in 1946 Mental Cruelty Sunday Times article on lobotomy and contemporary psychosurgery Lobotomy s back Discover article on cingulotomy My Lobotomy Howard Dully s Journey NPR Radio Documentary A Qualified Defence of Then QJM Ten Notable Lobotomies Nobel Panel Urged to Rescind Prize for Lobotomies The Lobotomists BBC Radio 4 documentary on the history of lobotomy Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Lobotomi amp oldid 23158282