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Kulit putih Amerika Latin Untuk Orang keturunan Eropa dengan warisan budaya Hispanik Latino yang tinggal di atau berasal

Kulit putih Amerika Latin

Untuk Orang keturunan Eropa dengan warisan budaya Hispanik/Latino yang tinggal di atau berasal dari Amerika Serikat, lihat Kulit putih Hispanik dan Latino Amerika.

Kulit putih Amerika Latin atau Eropa Amerika Latin adalah orang Amerika Latin keturunan Eropa.

Kulit putih Amerika Latin
Jumlah populasi
191.5 juta – 220.6 juta
40.0% dari populasi Amerika Latin
  • Angka tidak termasuk wilayah-wilayah berbahasa Prancis, Belanda, dan Inggris di benua Amerika
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
 Brasil104 jt
 Meksiko11.7jt–56jt
 Argentina30jt–38jt
 Kolombia8.4jt–18jt
 Venezuela4.1jt–13jt
 Chili8jt
 Kuba4.1jt– 7.16jt
 Peru7.175jt (20.5% dari populasi)
 Kosta Rika3.3jt
 Uruguay2.9jt
 Paraguay1.1jt–2.1jt
 Republik Dominika1.2jt– 1.6jt
 Puerto Riko0.56jt
 Ekuador1.3jt
 Bolivia1.2jt
 El Salvador0.812jt
 Nikaragua0.71jt
 Guatemala0.455jt
 Panama0.366jt
 Honduras0.09jt
Bahasa
Bahasa mayoritas
Spanyol dan Portugis
Bahasa minoritas
Italia, Prancis, Inggris, Jerman, Belanda, dan bahasa lainnya
Agama
Mayoritas Kristen (terutama Katolik Roma, dengan minoritas Protestan), Yudaisme
Kelompok etnik terkait
Mestizo, Spanyol, Portugis, Prancis, Italia, Rumania, Britania Raya, Irlandia, Jerman, Denmark, Norwegia, Belanda, Belgia, Swedia, Polandia, Ukraina, Rusia, Kroasia, Swiss, Hungaria, Yunani, Yahudi, Arab, Armenia

Keturunan langsung dari pemukim Eropa yang tiba di benua Amerika selama periode kolonial dan pasca-kolonial dapat ditemukan di seluruh Amerika Latin. Kebanyakan imigran yang bermukim di wilayah ini selama lima abad terakhir adalah orang Spanyol dan Portugis; setelah kemerdekaan, kebanyakan imigran non-Iberia adalah orang Prancis, Italia, dan Jerman, diikuti oleh orang Eropa lainnya beserta orang Asia Barat (seperti orang Arab Levant dan Armenia).

Meliputi 33% populasi hingga 2010, menurut beberapa sumber, Kulit putih Amerika Latin merupakan ras-suku bangsa terbesar kedua setelah orang ras campuran di wilayah tersebut. Negara-negara Amerika Latin sering mentoleransi pernikahan antaretnis sejak dimulainya periode kolonial. Kulit putih adalah identifikasi diri bagi banyak orang Amerika Latin di beberapa sensus nasional. Menurut survei yang diadakan oleh Cohesión Social di Amerika Latin, dilakukan pada sebuah sampel 10.000 orang dari tujuh negara di wilayah tersebut, hasilnya 34% orang yang diwawancarai mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai kulit putih.

Lihat pula sunting

Rujukan sunting

  1. ^ CIA data from The World Factbook's and , retrieved on May 09 2011. They show 191,543,213 whites from a total population of 579,092,570. For a few countries the percentage of white population is not provided as a standalone figure, and thus that datum is considered to be not available; for example, in Chile's case the CIA states "white and white-Amerindian 95.4%". Unequivocal data are given for the following: Argentina 41,769,726 * 97% white = 40,516,634; Bolivia 10,118,683 * 5% white = 505,934; Brazil 203,429,773 * 53.7% white = 109,241,788; Colombia 44,725,543 * 20% white = 8,945,109; Cuba 11,087,330 * 65.1% white = 7,217,852; Dominican Republic 9,956,648 * 16% white = 1,593,064; El Salvador 6,071,774 * 9% white = 546,460; Honduras 8,143,564 * 1% white = 81,436; Mexico 113,724,226 * 9% white = 10,235,180; Nicaragua 5,666,301 * 17% white = 963,272; Panama 3,460,462 * 10% white = 346,046; Peru 29,248,943 * 15% white = 4,387,342; Puerto Rico 3,989,133 * 76.2% white = 3,039,719; Uruguay 3,308,535 * 88% white = 2,911,511. Total white population in these countries: 191,543,213, i.e 33.07% of the region's population.
  2. ^ Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (August 2005). "Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI" [Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century]. Convergencia (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 12 (38): 185–232. 
  3. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Igbe Brasil 2010
  4. "The World Factbook: North America: Mexico". Central Intelligence Agency. 2020. Diakses tanggal 17 May 2020. 
  5. "21 de Marzo Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial" pag.7, CONAPRED, Mexico, 21 March. Retrieved on 28 April 2017.
  6. "Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico", "CONAPRED", Mexico DF, June 2011. Retrieved on 28 April 2017.
  7. "Documento Informativo Sobre Discriminación Racial En México", CONAPRED, Mexico, 21 March 2011, retrieved on 28 April 2017.
  8. Norris, Emily T.; Rishishwar, Lavanya; Wang, Lu; Conley, Andrew B.; Chande, Aroon T.; Dabrowski, Adam M.; Valderrama-Aguirre, Augusto; Jordan, I. King (2019-04-24). "Assortative Mating on Ancestry-Variant Traits in Admixed Latin American Populations". Frontiers in Genetics. 10: 359. doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00359 . ISSN 1664-8021. PMC 6491930 . PMID 31105740. 
  9. Homburger, J. R.; Moreno-Estrada, A.; Gignoux, C. R.; Nelson, D.; Sanchez, E.; Ortiz-Tello, P.; Pons-Estel, B. A.; Acevedo-Vasquez, E.; Miranda, P.; Langefeld, C. D.; Gravel, S.; Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E.; Bustamante, C. D. (2015). "Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America". PLOS Genetics. 11 (12): e1005602. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 . PMC 4670080 . PMID 26636962. 
  10. "Colombia: A Country Study" (PDF). Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress of the United States of America. 2010. hlm. 86–87. 
  11. "Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 (Mayo 2014)" (PDF). Ine.gov.ve. hlm. 29. Diakses tanggal 8 September 2014. 
  12. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama ine.gob.ve
  13. The Official 2012 Cuba Census June 3, 2014, di Wayback Machine.
  14. Abuhadba Rodrigues, Daniel (1 January 2007). "Inmigración Europea al Perú". Biblioteca Universitaria de la UNSAAC. 
  15. "Uruguay: People and Society". CIA World Factbook. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2014. 
  16. Pastore, Carlos (1972). La lucha por la tierra en el Paraguay: Proceso histórico y legislativo. Antequera. hlm. 526. 
  17. "D.R.: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-26. 
  18. "2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country". United States Census. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2021. 
  19. "El Salvador-The World Factbook". CIA.gov. Diakses tanggal 23 July 2021. 
  20. Nuñez, Carolina; Baeta, Miriam; Sosa, Cecilia; Casalod, Yolanda; Ge, Jianye; Budowle, Bruce; Martínez-Jarreta, Begoña (December 2010). "Reconstructing the population history of Nicaragua by means of mtDNA, Y-chromosome STRs, and autosomal STR markers". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 143 (4): 591–600. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21355. PMID 20721944. 
  21. José Reyes Alveo. "Población panameña (página 2)". Monografias.com. Diakses tanggal 8 October 2017. 
  22. "Honduras; People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-21. 
  23. More precisely, these are the chief languages of Latin America, as per , accessed 2010-02-24.
  24. The religious profile of the Latin American countries can be seen in (accessed 2010-02-24). As such, it is not the religious profile of white Latin Americans in particular, but is a good indication of white religious affiliation in the region's white-majority countries, especially.
  25. Chambers, Sarah C. (2003). "Little Middle Ground The Instability of a Mestizo Identity in the Andes, 18th and 19th centuries". Dalam Nancy P. Appelbaum. Race and Nation in Modern Latin American. University of North Carolina Press. This blending of culture and genealogy is also reflected in the use of the terms "Spanish" and "white". For most of the colonial period, Americans of European descent were simply referred to as "Spaniards"; beginning in the late 18th century, the term "blanco" (white) came into increasing but not exclusive use. Even those of presumably mixed ancestry may have felt justified in claiming to be Spanish (and later white) if they participated in the dominant culture by, for example, speaking Spanish and wearing European clothing.(p. 33) 
  26. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama britsa
  27. Schrover, Marlou. "Migration to Latin America". Diakses tanggal 2010-02-24. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
  28. CELADE (Organization) (2001). International migration and development in the Americas. Naciones Unidas, CEPAL/ECLAC, Population Division, Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE). ISBN 9789211213287. 
  29. Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (2004). "Las etnias centroamericanas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX" (PDF). Revista Mexicana del Caribe. IX (17). Diakses tanggal 2011-05-04. 
  30. Schaefer, Richard T., ed. (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society. Sage. hlm. 900. ISBN 978-1-4129-2694-2. In New Spain, there was no strict idea of race (something that continued in Mexico). The Indians that had lost their connections with their communities and had adopted different cultural elements could "pass" and be considered mestizos. The same applied to blacks and castas. Rather, the factor that distinguished the various social groups was their calidad ("quality"); this concept was related to an idea of blood as conferring status, but there were also other elements, such as occupation and marriage, that could have the effect of blanqueamiento (whitening) on people and influence their upward social mobility. 
  31. Schaefer, Richard T., ed. (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society. Sage. hlm. 1096. ISBN 978-1-4129-2694-2. The variation of racial groupings between nations is at least partially explained by an unstable coupling between historical patterns of colonization and miscegenation. First, divergent patterns of colonization may account for differences in the construction of racial groupings, as evidenced in Latin America, which was colonized primarily by the Spanish. The Spanish colonials had a longer history of tolerance of non-White racial groupings through their interactions with the Moors and North African social groups, as well as a different understanding of the rights of colonized subjects and a different pattern of economic development. 
  32. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama schwartzman

Bacaan lebih lanjut sunting

  • Twinam, Ann. 2015. Purchasing whiteness: Pardos, mulattos, and the quest for social mobility in the Spanish Indies. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Templat:Orang kulit putih

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Untuk Orang keturunan Eropa dengan warisan budaya Hispanik Latino yang tinggal di atau berasal dari Amerika Serikat lihat Kulit putih Hispanik dan Latino Amerika Kulit putih Amerika Latin atau Eropa Amerika Latin adalah orang Amerika Latin keturunan Eropa 25 Kulit putih Amerika LatinJumlah populasi191 5 juta 220 6 juta 1 2 40 0 dari populasi Amerika Latin Angka tidak termasuk wilayah wilayah berbahasa Prancis Belanda dan Inggris di benua AmerikaDaerah dengan populasi signifikan Brasil104 jt 3 Meksiko11 7jt 56jt 4 5 6 7 8 Argentina30jt 38jt 2 9 Kolombia8 4jt 18jt 2 10 Venezuela4 1jt 13jt 2 11 12 Chili8jt 2 Kuba4 1jt 7 16jt 2 13 Peru7 175jt 20 5 dari populasi 14 Kosta Rika3 3jt 2 Uruguay2 9jt 15 Paraguay1 1jt 2 1jt 16 Republik Dominika1 2jt 1 6jt 2 17 Puerto Riko0 56jt 18 Ekuador1 3jt 2 Bolivia1 2jt 2 El Salvador0 812jt 19 Nikaragua0 71jt 2 20 Guatemala0 455jt 2 Panama0 366jt 21 Honduras0 09jt 22 BahasaBahasa mayoritasSpanyol dan PortugisBahasa minoritasItalia Prancis Inggris Jerman Belanda dan bahasa lainnya 23 AgamaMayoritas Kristen terutama Katolik Roma dengan minoritas Protestan 24 YudaismeKelompok etnik terkaitMestizo Spanyol Portugis Prancis Italia Rumania Britania Raya Irlandia Jerman Denmark Norwegia Belanda Belgia Swedia Polandia Ukraina Rusia Kroasia Swiss Hungaria Yunani Yahudi Arab Armenia Keturunan langsung dari pemukim Eropa yang tiba di benua Amerika selama periode kolonial dan pasca kolonial dapat ditemukan di seluruh Amerika Latin Kebanyakan imigran yang bermukim di wilayah ini selama lima abad terakhir adalah orang Spanyol dan Portugis setelah kemerdekaan kebanyakan imigran non Iberia adalah orang Prancis Italia dan Jerman diikuti oleh orang Eropa lainnya beserta orang Asia Barat seperti orang Arab Levant dan Armenia 26 27 28 Meliputi 33 populasi hingga 2010 update menurut beberapa sumber 1 2 29 Kulit putih Amerika Latin merupakan ras suku bangsa terbesar kedua setelah orang ras campuran di wilayah tersebut Negara negara Amerika Latin sering mentoleransi pernikahan antaretnis sejak dimulainya periode kolonial 30 31 Kulit putih adalah identifikasi diri bagi banyak orang Amerika Latin di beberapa sensus nasional Menurut survei yang diadakan oleh Cohesion Social di Amerika Latin dilakukan pada sebuah sampel 10 000 orang dari tujuh negara di wilayah tersebut hasilnya 34 orang yang diwawancarai mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai kulit putih 32 Lihat pula suntingAfrika Amerika Latin Asia Amerika Latin Blanqueamiento Carcamano Castizo Diaspora Eropa Penduduk asli Amerika Orang Amerika Latin Mestizo Mulatto Peninsulares Ras dan etnisitas di Amerika LatinRujukan sunting a b CIA data from The World Factbook s Field Listing Ethnic groups and Field Listing Population retrieved on May 09 2011 They show 191 543 213 whites from a total population of 579 092 570 For a few countries the percentage of white population is not provided as a standalone figure and thus that datum is considered to be not available for example in Chile s case the CIA states white and white Amerindian 95 4 Unequivocal data are given for the following Argentina 41 769 726 97 white 40 516 634 Bolivia 10 118 683 5 white 505 934 Brazil 203 429 773 53 7 white 109 241 788 Colombia 44 725 543 20 white 8 945 109 Cuba 11 087 330 65 1 white 7 217 852 Dominican Republic 9 956 648 16 white 1 593 064 El Salvador 6 071 774 9 white 546 460 Honduras 8 143 564 1 white 81 436 Mexico 113 724 226 9 white 10 235 180 Nicaragua 5 666 301 17 white 963 272 Panama 3 460 462 10 white 346 046 Peru 29 248 943 15 white 4 387 342 Puerto Rico 3 989 133 76 2 white 3 039 719 Uruguay 3 308 535 88 white 2 911 511 Total white population in these countries 191 543 213 i e 33 07 of the region s population a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lizcano Fernandez Francisco August 2005 Composicion Etnica de las Tres Areas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century Convergencia dalam bahasa Spanyol 12 38 185 232 Kesalahan pengutipan Tag lt ref gt tidak sah tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Igbe Brasil 2010 The World Factbook North America Mexico Central Intelligence Agency 2020 Diakses tanggal 17 May 2020 21 de Marzo Dia Internacional de la Eliminacion de la Discriminacion Racial pag 7 CONAPRED Mexico 21 March Retrieved on 28 April 2017 Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminacion en Mexico CONAPRED Mexico DF June 2011 Retrieved on 28 April 2017 Documento Informativo Sobre Discriminacion Racial En Mexico CONAPRED Mexico 21 March 2011 retrieved on 28 April 2017 Norris Emily T Rishishwar Lavanya Wang Lu Conley Andrew B Chande Aroon T Dabrowski Adam M Valderrama Aguirre Augusto Jordan I King 2019 04 24 Assortative Mating on Ancestry Variant Traits in Admixed Latin American Populations Frontiers in Genetics 10 359 doi 10 3389 fgene 2019 00359 nbsp ISSN 1664 8021 PMC 6491930 nbsp PMID 31105740 Homburger J R Moreno Estrada A Gignoux C R Nelson D Sanchez E Ortiz Tello P Pons Estel B A Acevedo Vasquez E Miranda P Langefeld C D Gravel S Alarcon Riquelme M E Bustamante C D 2015 Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America PLOS Genetics 11 12 e1005602 doi 10 1371 journal pgen 1005602 nbsp PMC 4670080 nbsp PMID 26636962 Colombia A Country Study PDF Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress The Library of Congress of the United States of America 2010 hlm 86 87 Resultado Basico del XIV Censo Nacional de Poblacion y Vivienda 2011 Mayo 2014 PDF Ine gov ve hlm 29 Diakses tanggal 8 September 2014 Kesalahan pengutipan Tag lt ref gt tidak sah tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama ine gob ve The Official 2012 Cuba Census Diarsipkan June 3 2014 di Wayback Machine Abuhadba Rodrigues Daniel 1 January 2007 Inmigracion Europea al Peru Biblioteca Universitaria de la UNSAAC Uruguay People and Society CIA World Factbook Diakses tanggal 5 February 2014 Pastore Carlos 1972 La lucha por la tierra en el Paraguay Proceso historico y legislativo Antequera hlm 526 D R People Ethnic groups CIA World Factbook Diakses tanggal 2007 11 26 2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country United States Census Diakses tanggal 17 August 2021 El Salvador The World Factbook CIA gov Diakses tanggal 23 July 2021 Nunez Carolina Baeta Miriam Sosa Cecilia Casalod Yolanda Ge Jianye Budowle Bruce Martinez Jarreta Begona December 2010 Reconstructing the population history of Nicaragua by means of mtDNA Y chromosome STRs and autosomal STR markers American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143 4 591 600 doi 10 1002 ajpa 21355 PMID 20721944 Jose Reyes Alveo Poblacion panamena pagina 2 Monografias com Diakses tanggal 8 October 2017 Honduras People Ethnic groups CIA World Factbook Diakses tanggal 2007 11 21 More precisely these are the chief languages of Latin America as per CIA The World Factbook Field Listing Languages accessed 2010 02 24 The religious profile of the Latin American countries can be seen in CIA The World Factbook Field Listing Religions accessed 2010 02 24 As such it is not the religious profile of white Latin Americans in particular but is a good indication of white religious affiliation in the region s white majority countries especially Chambers Sarah C 2003 Little Middle Ground The Instability of a Mestizo Identity in the Andes 18th and 19th centuries Dalam Nancy P Appelbaum Race and Nation in Modern Latin American University of North Carolina Press This blending of culture and genealogy is also reflected in the use of the terms Spanish and white For most of the colonial period Americans of European descent were simply referred to as Spaniards beginning in the late 18th century the term blanco white came into increasing but not exclusive use Even those of presumably mixed ancestry may have felt justified in claiming to be Spanish and later white if they participated in the dominant culture by for example speaking Spanish and wearing European clothing p 33 Kesalahan pengutipan Tag lt ref gt tidak sah tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama britsa Schrover Marlou Migration to Latin America Diakses tanggal 2010 02 24 pranala nonaktif permanen CELADE Organization 2001 International migration and development in the Americas Naciones Unidas CEPAL ECLAC Population Division Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre CELADE ISBN 9789211213287 Lizcano Fernandez Francisco 2004 Las etnias centroamericanas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX PDF Revista Mexicana del Caribe IX 17 Diakses tanggal 2011 05 04 Schaefer Richard T ed 2008 Encyclopedia of Race Ethnicity and Society nbsp Sage hlm 900 ISBN 978 1 4129 2694 2 In New Spain there was no strict idea of race something that continued in Mexico The Indians that had lost their connections with their communities and had adopted different cultural elements could pass and be considered mestizos The same applied to blacks and castas Rather the factor that distinguished the various social groups was their calidad quality this concept was related to an idea of blood as conferring status but there were also other elements such as occupation and marriage that could have the effect of blanqueamiento whitening on people and influence their upward social mobility Schaefer Richard T ed 2008 Encyclopedia of Race Ethnicity and Society nbsp Sage hlm 1096 ISBN 978 1 4129 2694 2 The variation of racial groupings between nations is at least partially explained by an unstable coupling between historical patterns of colonization and miscegenation First divergent patterns of colonization may account for differences in the construction of racial groupings as evidenced in Latin America which was colonized primarily by the Spanish The Spanish colonials had a longer history of tolerance of non White racial groupings through their interactions with the Moors and North African social groups as well as a different understanding of the rights of colonized subjects and a different pattern of economic development Kesalahan pengutipan Tag lt ref gt tidak sah tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama schwartzmanBacaan lebih lanjut suntingTwinam Ann 2015 Purchasing whiteness Pardos mulattos and the quest for social mobility in the Spanish Indies Stanford Stanford University Press Templat Orang kulit putih Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Kulit putih Amerika Latin amp oldid 25305993