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Komunalisme Asia Selatan Komunalisme digunakan di Asia Selatan untuk menyebut upaya membangun identitas agama atau etnis

Komunalisme (Asia Selatan)

Komunalisme digunakan di Asia Selatan untuk menyebut upaya membangun identitas agama atau etnis, yang menyiratkan perpecahan antar orang yang diidentifikasikan sebagai komunitas berbeda, dan untuk menimbulkan kekerasan komunal antar kelompok tersebut. Hal ini bermula dari sejarah, perbedaan keyakinan, dan ketegangan antar komunitas.

Istilah komunalisme dipakai oleh otoritas kolonial Inggris saat mereka memerangi kekerasan antar agama, etnis dan kelompok berbeda di koloni-koloninya, terutama Afrika dan Asia Selatan, pada awal abad ke-20.

Komunalisme bukanlah hal yang unik di Asia Selatan. Hal tersebut ditemukan di Afrika, Amerika, Asia, Eropa dan Australia.

Komunalisme adalah sebuah masalah sosial menonjol di Bangladesh, India, Pakistan dan Sri Lanka.

Referensi sunting

  1. Donald Horowitz (1985), Ethnic Groups in Conflict, ISBN 978-0520053854
  2. ^ Pandey, Gyanendra (2006). The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India. Oxford India. 
  3. Gerry van Klinken, Communal Violence and Democratization in Indonesia - Small Town Wars, ISBN 978-0-415-41713-6, Routledge
  4. Arafaat A. Valiani, Militant Publics in India: Physical Culture and Violence in the Making of a Modern Polity, ISBN 978-0230112575, Palgrave Macmillan, pp 29-32
  5. David Killingray, Colonial Warfare in West Africa, in Imperialism and War: Essays on Colonial Wars in Asia and Africa (Edited by Jaap A. de Moor, H. L. Wesseling), ISBN 978-9004088344, Brill Academic
  6. Kynoch, G. (2013). Reassessing transition violence: Voices from South Africa's township wars, 1990–4. African Affairs, 112(447), 283-303
  7. John F. McCauley, Economic Development Strategies and Communal Violence in Africa, Comparative Political Studies February 2013 vol. 46 no. 2 182-211
  8. Willis, G. D. (2014), Antagonistic authorities and the civil police in Sao Paulo Brazil, Latin American Research Review, 49(1), 3-22
  9. Resource guide for municipalities UNODC
  10. Mancini, L. (2005) Horizontal Inequality and Communal Violence: Evidence from Indonesian Districts (CRISE Working Paper No. 22, Oxford, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford)
  11. Werbner, P. (2010), Religious identity, The Sage handbook of identities, ISBN 978-1412934114, Chapter 12
  12. Todorova, T. (2013), ‘Giving Memory a Future’: Confronting the Legacy of Mass Rape in Post-conflict Bosnia-Herzegovina, Journal of International Women's Studies, 12(2), 3-15
  13. Bell, P., & Congram, M. (2013), Communication Interception Technology (CIT) and Its Use in the Fight against Transnational Organised Crime (TOC) in Australia: A Review of the Literature, International Journal of Social Science Research, 2(1), 46-66

Bacaan tambahan sunting

  • Chandra, Bipan (1984). Communalism in Modern India. New Delhi: Vikas. ISBN 0706926552. 
  • Praful Bidwai; Harbans Mukhia; Achin Vanaik (ed.). Religion, Religiosity and Communalism. New Delhi: Manohar. ISBN 8173041326. 
    • Jhingran, Saral. "Religion and communalism"
  • Asgharali Engineer. Lifting the veil: communal violence and communal harmony in contemporary India. Sangam Books, 1995. ISBN 81-7370-040-0.
  • Ludden, David, editor. Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India, Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1996.
    • Manuel, Peter. "Music, the Media, and Communal Relations in North India, Past and Present," pp. 119–39.
  • Martin E. Marty, R. S. Appleby (eds.), Fundamentalisms Observed The Fundamentalism Project vol. 4, eds., University Of Chicago Press (1994), ISBN 978-0-226-50878-8
    • Mumtaz Ahmad,an 'Islamic Fundamentalism in South Asia: The Jamaat-i-Islami and the Tablighi Jamaat', pp. 457–530.
    • Gold, Daniel, 'Organized Hinduisms: From Vedic Truths to Hindu Nation', pp. 531–593.
    • T. N. Madan, 'The Double-Edged Sword: Fundamentalism and the Sikh Religious Tradition', pp. 594–627.
  • A History of the Hindu-Muslim Problem in India from the Earliest Contacts Up to its Present Phase With Suggestions for Its Solution. Allahabad, 1933. Congress report on the 1931 Cawnpur Riots.
  • Nandini Gooptu, The Urban Poor and Militant Hinduism in Early Twentieth-Century Uttar Pradesh, Modern Asian Studies, Cambridge University Press (1997).

Pranala luar sunting

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Komunalisme digunakan di Asia Selatan untuk menyebut upaya membangun identitas agama atau etnis yang menyiratkan perpecahan antar orang yang diidentifikasikan sebagai komunitas berbeda dan untuk menimbulkan kekerasan komunal antar kelompok tersebut 1 Hal ini bermula dari sejarah perbedaan keyakinan dan ketegangan antar komunitas 2 Istilah komunalisme dipakai oleh otoritas kolonial Inggris saat mereka memerangi kekerasan antar agama etnis dan kelompok berbeda di koloni koloninya terutama Afrika dan Asia Selatan pada awal abad ke 20 3 4 5 Komunalisme bukanlah hal yang unik di Asia Selatan Hal tersebut ditemukan di Afrika 6 7 Amerika 8 9 Asia 10 11 Eropa 12 dan Australia 13 Komunalisme adalah sebuah masalah sosial menonjol di Bangladesh India Pakistan dan Sri Lanka 2 Referensi sunting Donald Horowitz 1985 Ethnic Groups in Conflict ISBN 978 0520053854 a b Pandey Gyanendra 2006 The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India Oxford India Gerry van Klinken Communal Violence and Democratization in Indonesia Small Town Wars ISBN 978 0 415 41713 6 Routledge Arafaat A Valiani Militant Publics in India Physical Culture and Violence in the Making of a Modern Polity ISBN 978 0230112575 Palgrave Macmillan pp 29 32 David Killingray Colonial Warfare in West Africa in Imperialism and War Essays on Colonial Wars in Asia and Africa Edited by Jaap A de Moor H L Wesseling ISBN 978 9004088344 Brill Academic Kynoch G 2013 Reassessing transition violence Voices from South Africa s township wars 1990 4 African Affairs 112 447 283 303 John F McCauley Economic Development Strategies and Communal Violence in Africa Comparative Political Studies February 2013 vol 46 no 2 182 211 Willis G D 2014 Antagonistic authorities and the civil police in Sao Paulo Brazil Latin American Research Review 49 1 3 22 Resource guide for municipalities UNODC Mancini L 2005 Horizontal Inequality and Communal Violence Evidence from Indonesian Districts CRISE Working Paper No 22 Oxford Queen Elizabeth House University of Oxford Werbner P 2010 Religious identity The Sage handbook of identities ISBN 978 1412934114 Chapter 12 Todorova T 2013 Giving Memory a Future Confronting the Legacy of Mass Rape in Post conflict Bosnia Herzegovina Journal of International Women s Studies 12 2 3 15 Bell P amp Congram M 2013 Communication Interception Technology CIT and Its Use in the Fight against Transnational Organised Crime TOC in Australia A Review of the Literature International Journal of Social Science Research 2 1 46 66Bacaan tambahan suntingChandra Bipan 1984 Communalism in Modern India New Delhi Vikas ISBN 0706926552 Praful Bidwai Harbans Mukhia Achin Vanaik ed Religion Religiosity and Communalism New Delhi Manohar ISBN 8173041326 Jhingran Saral Religion and communalism Asgharali Engineer Lifting the veil communal violence and communal harmony in contemporary India Sangam Books 1995 ISBN 81 7370 040 0 Ludden David editor Contesting the Nation Religion Community and the Politics of Democracy in India Philadelphia Univ of Pennsylvania 1996 Manuel Peter Music the Media and Communal Relations in North India Past and Present pp 119 39 Martin E Marty R S Appleby eds Fundamentalisms Observed The Fundamentalism Project vol 4 eds University Of Chicago Press 1994 ISBN 978 0 226 50878 8 Mumtaz Ahmad an Islamic Fundamentalism in South Asia The Jamaat i Islami and the Tablighi Jamaat pp 457 530 Gold Daniel Organized Hinduisms From Vedic Truths to Hindu Nation pp 531 593 T N Madan The Double Edged Sword Fundamentalism and the Sikh Religious Tradition pp 594 627 A History of the Hindu Muslim Problem in India from the Earliest Contacts Up to its Present Phase With Suggestions for Its Solution Allahabad 1933 Congress report on the 1931 Cawnpur Riots Nandini Gooptu The Urban Poor and Militant Hinduism in Early Twentieth Century Uttar Pradesh Modern Asian Studies Cambridge University Press 1997 Pranala luar suntingB R Ambedkar The riot torn history of Hindu Muslim relations 1920 1940 Pakistan or Partition of India Tony Cross Gujarat after the riots Mumbai during 2004 general election Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Komunalisme Asia Selatan amp oldid 23216355