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Kompleks militer industri bahasa Inggris Military industrial complex MIC atau kompleks militer industri kongres 1 terdir

Kompleks militer–industri

Kompleks militer–industri (bahasa Inggris: Military–industrial complex; MIC), atau kompleks militer–industri–kongres, terdiri dari hubungan kebijakan dan moneter yang terbentuk antara pembuat kebijakan, angkatan bersenjata nasional, dan industri senjata yang menopang keberadaan mereka. Hubungan ini meliputi sumbangan politik, persetujuan belanja militer, lobi untuk mendukung birokrasi, dan pengawasan terhadap industri senjata. Kompleks militer–industri merupakan contoh segitiga besi. Istilah ini sering digunakan untuk menyebut sistem di balik militer Amerika Serikat. Istilah ini mulai populer setelah Presiden Dwight D. Eisenhower menggunakannya dalam pidato perpisahannya tanggal 17 Januari 1961. Akan tetapi, istilah ini berlaku juga untuk negara manapun dengan infrastruktur yang sama majunya dengan Amerika Serikat. Pada tahun 2011, belanja militer Amerika Serikat lebih besar daripada gabungan belanja militer 13 negara di bawahnya.

Presiden Dwight Eisenhower memperingatkan A.S. tentang keberadaan "kompleks militer–industri" dalam pidato perpisahannya.

Istilah "kompleks militer–industri" kadang-kadang juga mencakup seluruh kontrak dan arus uang dan sumber daya antar individu, perusahaan, dan lembaga kontraktor pertahanan, Pentagon, Kongres, dan cabang eksekutif.

Definisi serupa awalnya dikemukakan oleh Daniel Guérin dalam bukunya, Fascism and Big Business (1936), tentang dukungan pemerintah fasis terhadap industri alat berat. Istilah ini dapat didefinisikan sebagai "koalisi kelompok tak resmi dan berubah-ubah yang memiliki kepentingan psikologis, moral, dan material terhadap kelangsungan pengembangan dan pengelolaan senjata canggih, perlindungan pasar kolonial, dan urusan dalam negeri yang strategis secara militer." Contoh fenomena ini dipaparkan dalam buku Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism (1942) karya Franz Leopold Neumann; buku tersebut menjelaskan bagaimana Nazisme berkuasa di negara yang demokratis.

Lihat pula Sunting

2
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
  • Perusahaan menurut penjualan senjata
  • Blue Sky Tribe
  • Statisme perusahaan
  • Erik Prince dan Academi (sebelumnya Blackwater)
  • Kontraktor pemerintah
  • Daftar negara menurut belanja militer
  • Militarisme
  • Kompleks militer-hiburan
  • Kompleks militer–industri–media
  • Kompleks militer-digital
  • Kompleks politik-media
  • Keynesianisme militer
  • Kompleks perdamaian–industri
  • Kompleks penjara-industri
  • Project for the New American Century
  • Rosoboronexport
  • Upward Spiral
  • War Against War
  • War is a racket, buku karya Jenderal Smedley Butler
  • Keuntungan perang
  • Zaibatsu
  • The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives
  • War Is a Racket (buku tahun 1935 karya Smedley Butler)
  • Why We Fight (film dokumenter tahun 2005 karya Eugene Jarecki)

Catatan kaki Sunting

  1. e.g. Higgs, Robert (May 1995). . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-08. Diakses tanggal 2016-01-28. 
  2. "The Military–Industrial Complex; The Farewell Address of Presidente Eisenhower" Basements publications 2006 ISBN 0-9766423-9-5
  3. Several Authors "Global Transformations" Stanford University Press 1999, page 108 view on google books
  4. "SIPRI Year Book 2008; Armaments, Disarmaments and International Security" Oxford University Press 2008 ISBN 978-0-19-954895-8 Pages 255–56 view on google books
  5. Plumer, Brad (January 7, 2013), "America's staggering defense budget, in charts", The Washington Post 
  6. "Long-term Historical Reflection on the Rise of Military-Industrial, Managerial Statism or "Military-Industrial Complexes"". Kimball Files. University of Oregon. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2014. 
  7. Pursell, C. (1972). The military–industrial complex. Harper & Row Publishers, New York, New York.

Referensi Sunting

  • DeGroot, Gerard J. Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War, 144, London & New York: Longman, 1996, ISBN 0-582-06138-5
  • Eisenhower, Dwight D. Public Papers of the Presidents, 1035–40. 1960.
  • Eisenhower, Dwight D. "Farewell Address." In The Annals of America. Vol. 18. 1961–1968: The Burdens of World Power, 1–5. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1968.
  • Eisenhower, Dwight D. President Eisenhower's Farewell Address, Wikisource.
  • Hartung, William D. "Eisenhower's Warning: The Military–Industrial Complex Forty Years Later." 2005-09-10 di Wayback Machine. World Policy Journal 18, no. 1 (Spring 2001).
  • Johnson, Chalmers The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic, New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004
  • Kurth, James. "Military–Industrial Complex." In The Oxford Companion to American Military History, ed. John Whiteclay Chambers II, 440–2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
  • Nelson, Lars-Erik. "Military–Industrial Man." In New York Review of Books 47, no. 20 (Dec. 21, 2000): 6.
  • Nieburg, H. L. In the Name of Science, Quadrangle Books, 1970
  • Mills, C. Wright."Power Elite", New York, 1956

Bacaan lanjutan Sunting

  • Adams, Gordon, The Iron Triangle: The Politics of Defense Contracting, 1981.
  • Andreas, Joel, Addicted to War: Why the U.S. Can't Kick Militarism, ISBN 1-904859-01-1.
  • Cochran, Thomas B., William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, Milton M. Hoenig, U.S. Nuclear Warhead Production Harper and Row, 1987, ISBN 0-88730-125-8
  • Colby, Gerard, DuPont Dynasty. New York: Lyle Stuart, 1984.
  • Friedman, George and Meredith, The Future of War: Power, Technology and American World Dominance in the 21st Century, Crown, 1996, ISBN 0-517-70403-X
  • Hossein-Zadeh, Ismael, The Political Economy of US Militarism. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006.
  • Keller, William W., Arm in Arm: The Political Economy of the Global Arms Trade. New York: Basic Books, 1995.
  • Kelly, Brian, Adventures in Porkland: How Washington Wastes Your Money and Why They Won't Stop, Villard, 1992, ISBN 0-679-40656-5
  • Lassman, Thomas C. "Putting the Military Back into the History of the Military-Industrial Complex: The Management of Technological Innovation in the U.S. Army, 1945–1960," Isis (2015) 106#1 pp. 94–120 in JSTOR
  • McDougall, Walter A., ...The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age, Basic Books, 1985, (Pulitzer Prize for History) ISBN 0-8018-5748-1
  • Melman, Seymour, Pentagon Capitalism: The Political Economy of War, McGraw Hill, 1970
  • Melman, Seymour, (ed.) The War Economy of the United States: Readings in Military Industry and Economy, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1971.
  • Mills, C Wright, The Power Elite. New York, 1956.
  • Mollenhoff, Clark R., The Pentagon: Politics, Profits and Plunder. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1967
  • Patterson, Walter C., The Plutonium Business and the Spread of the Bomb, Sierra Club, 1984, ISBN 0-87156-837-3
  • Pasztor, Andy, When the Pentagon Was for Sale: Inside America's Biggest Defense Scandal, Scribner, 1995, ISBN 0-684-19516-X
  • Pierre, Andrew J., The Global Politics of Arms Sales. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.
  • Sampson, Anthony, The Arms Bazaar: From Lebanon to Lockheed. New York: Bantam Books, 1977.
  • St. Clair, Jeffery, Grand Theft Pentagon: Tales of Corruption and Profiteering in the War on Terror, Common Courage Press (July 1, 2005).
  • Sweetman, Bill, "In search of the Pentagon's billion dollar hidden budgets—how the US keeps its R&D spending under wraps", from Jane's International Defence Review, online
  • Thorpe, Rebecca U. The American Warfare State: The Domestic Politics of Military Spending. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014.
  • Watry, David M. Diplomacy at the Brink: Eisenhower, Churchill, and Eden in the Cold War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2014.
  • Weinberger, Sharon. Imaginary Weapons. New York: Nation Books, 2006.

Pranala luar Sunting

Wikisumber memiliki naskah asli yang berkaitan dengan artikel ini:
Military–Industrial Complex Speech

Templat:Dwight D. Eisenhower

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Kompleks militer industri bahasa Inggris Military industrial complex MIC atau kompleks militer industri kongres 1 terdiri dari hubungan kebijakan dan moneter yang terbentuk antara pembuat kebijakan angkatan bersenjata nasional dan industri senjata yang menopang keberadaan mereka Hubungan ini meliputi sumbangan politik persetujuan belanja militer lobi untuk mendukung birokrasi dan pengawasan terhadap industri senjata Kompleks militer industri merupakan contoh segitiga besi Istilah ini sering digunakan untuk menyebut sistem di balik militer Amerika Serikat Istilah ini mulai populer setelah Presiden Dwight D Eisenhower menggunakannya dalam pidato perpisahannya tanggal 17 Januari 1961 2 Akan tetapi istilah ini berlaku juga untuk negara manapun dengan infrastruktur yang sama majunya dengan Amerika Serikat 3 4 Pada tahun 2011 belanja militer Amerika Serikat lebih besar daripada gabungan belanja militer 13 negara di bawahnya 5 Presiden Dwight Eisenhower memperingatkan A S tentang keberadaan kompleks militer industri dalam pidato perpisahannya Istilah kompleks militer industri kadang kadang juga mencakup seluruh kontrak dan arus uang dan sumber daya antar individu perusahaan dan lembaga kontraktor pertahanan Pentagon Kongres dan cabang eksekutif 6 Definisi serupa awalnya dikemukakan oleh Daniel Guerin dalam bukunya Fascism and Big Business 1936 tentang dukungan pemerintah fasis terhadap industri alat berat Istilah ini dapat didefinisikan sebagai koalisi kelompok tak resmi dan berubah ubah yang memiliki kepentingan psikologis moral dan material terhadap kelangsungan pengembangan dan pengelolaan senjata canggih perlindungan pasar kolonial dan urusan dalam negeri yang strategis secara militer 7 Contoh fenomena ini dipaparkan dalam buku Behemoth The Structure and Practice of National Socialism 1942 karya Franz Leopold Neumann buku tersebut menjelaskan bagaimana Nazisme berkuasa di negara yang demokratis Daftar isi 1 Lihat pula 2 Catatan kaki 3 Referensi 4 Bacaan lanjutan 5 Pranala luarLihat pula Sunting2The unnamed parameter 2 is no longer supported Please see the documentation for columns list Perusahaan menurut penjualan senjata Blue Sky Tribe Statisme perusahaan Erik Prince dan Academi sebelumnya Blackwater Kontraktor pemerintah Daftar negara menurut belanja militer Militarisme Kompleks militer hiburan Kompleks militer industri media Kompleks militer digital Kompleks politik media Keynesianisme militer Kompleks perdamaian industri Kompleks penjara industri Project for the New American Century Rosoboronexport Upward Spiral War Against War War is a racket buku karya Jenderal Smedley Butler Keuntungan perang Zaibatsu KaryaThe Complex How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives War Is a Racket buku tahun 1935 karya Smedley Butler Why We Fight film dokumenter tahun 2005 karya Eugene Jarecki Catatan kaki Sunting e g Higgs Robert May 1995 World War II and the Military Industrial Congressional Complex Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011 10 08 Diakses tanggal 2016 01 28 The Military Industrial Complex The Farewell Address of Presidente Eisenhower Basements publications 2006 ISBN 0 9766423 9 5 Several Authors Global Transformations Stanford University Press 1999 page 108 view on google books SIPRI Year Book 2008 Armaments Disarmaments and International Security Oxford University Press 2008 ISBN 978 0 19 954895 8 Pages 255 56 view on google books Plumer Brad January 7 2013 America s staggering defense budget in charts The Washington Post Parameter access date membutuhkan url bantuan Long term Historical Reflection on the Rise of Military Industrial Managerial Statism or Military Industrial Complexes Kimball Files University of Oregon Diakses tanggal 21 June 2014 Pursell C 1972 The military industrial complex Harper amp Row Publishers New York New York Referensi SuntingDeGroot Gerard J Blighty British Society in the Era of the Great War 144 London amp New York Longman 1996 ISBN 0 582 06138 5 Eisenhower Dwight D Public Papers of the Presidents 1035 40 1960 Eisenhower Dwight D Farewell Address In The Annals of America Vol 18 1961 1968 The Burdens of World Power 1 5 Chicago Encyclopaedia Britannica 1968 Eisenhower Dwight D President Eisenhower s Farewell Address Wikisource Hartung William D Eisenhower s Warning The Military Industrial Complex Forty Years Later Diarsipkan 2005 09 10 di Wayback Machine World Policy Journal 18 no 1 Spring 2001 Johnson Chalmers The Sorrows of Empire Militarism Secrecy and the End of the Republic New York Metropolitan Books 2004 Kurth James Military Industrial Complex In The Oxford Companion to American Military History ed John Whiteclay Chambers II 440 2 Oxford Oxford University Press 1999 Nelson Lars Erik Military Industrial Man In New York Review of Books 47 no 20 Dec 21 2000 6 Nieburg H L In the Name of Science Quadrangle Books 1970 Mills C Wright Power Elite New York 1956Bacaan lanjutan SuntingAdams Gordon The Iron Triangle The Politics of Defense Contracting 1981 Andreas Joel Addicted to War Why the U S Can t Kick Militarism ISBN 1 904859 01 1 Cochran Thomas B William M Arkin Robert S Norris Milton M Hoenig U S Nuclear Warhead Production Harper and Row 1987 ISBN 0 88730 125 8 Colby Gerard DuPont Dynasty New York Lyle Stuart 1984 Friedman George and Meredith The Future of War Power Technology and American World Dominance in the 21st Century Crown 1996 ISBN 0 517 70403 X Hossein Zadeh Ismael The Political Economy of US Militarism New York Palgrave MacMillan 2006 Keller William W Arm in Arm The Political Economy of the Global Arms Trade New York Basic Books 1995 Kelly Brian Adventures in Porkland How Washington Wastes Your Money and Why They Won t Stop Villard 1992 ISBN 0 679 40656 5 Lassman Thomas C Putting the Military Back into the History of the Military Industrial Complex The Management of Technological Innovation in the U S Army 1945 1960 Isis 2015 106 1 pp 94 120 in JSTOR McDougall Walter A The Heavens and the Earth A Political History of the Space Age Basic Books 1985 Pulitzer Prize for History ISBN 0 8018 5748 1 Melman Seymour Pentagon Capitalism The Political Economy of War McGraw Hill 1970 Melman Seymour ed The War Economy of the United States Readings in Military Industry and Economy New York St Martin s Press 1971 Mills C Wright The Power Elite New York 1956 Mollenhoff Clark R The Pentagon Politics Profits and Plunder New York G P Putnam s Sons 1967 Patterson Walter C The Plutonium Business and the Spread of the Bomb Sierra Club 1984 ISBN 0 87156 837 3 Pasztor Andy When the Pentagon Was for Sale Inside America s Biggest Defense Scandal Scribner 1995 ISBN 0 684 19516 X Pierre Andrew J The Global Politics of Arms Sales Princeton NJ Princeton University Press 1982 Sampson Anthony The Arms Bazaar From Lebanon to Lockheed New York Bantam Books 1977 St Clair Jeffery Grand Theft Pentagon Tales of Corruption and Profiteering in the War on Terror Common Courage Press July 1 2005 Sweetman Bill In search of the Pentagon s billion dollar hidden budgets how the US keeps its R amp D spending under wraps from Jane s International Defence Review online Thorpe Rebecca U The American Warfare State The Domestic Politics of Military Spending Chicago University of Chicago Press 2014 Watry David M Diplomacy at the Brink Eisenhower Churchill and Eden in the Cold War Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Press 2014 Weinberger Sharon Imaginary Weapons New York Nation Books 2006 Pranala luar Sunting nbsp Wikisumber memiliki naskah asli yang berkaitan dengan artikel ini Military Industrial Complex Speech Khaki capitalism The Economist Dec 3rd 2011 Militaryindustrialcomplex com Features running daily weekly and monthly defense spending totals plus Contract Archives section C Wright Mills Structure of Power in American Society British Journal of Sociology Vol 9 No 1 1958 Dwight David Eisenhower Farewell Address On the military industrial complex and the government universities collusion 17 January 1961 William McGaffin and Erwin Knoll The military industrial complex An analysis of the phenomenon written in 1969 The Cost of War amp Today s Military Industrial Complex National Public Radio 8 January 2003 Leading Defense Industry news source Human Rights First Private Security Contractors at War Ending the Culture of Impunity 2008 Diarsipkan 2010 05 08 di Wayback Machine Fifty Years After Eisenhower s Farewell Address A Look at the Military Industrial Complex video report by Democracy Now Military Industrial Complex Diarsipkan 2016 02 03 di Wayback Machine video reports by The Real News Online documents Dwight D Eisenhower Presidential Library Diarsipkan 2016 01 13 di Wayback Machine 50th Anniversary of Eisenhower s Farewell Address Eisenhower Institute Part 1 Anniversary Discussion of Eisenhower s Farewell Address Gettysburg College Part 2 Anniversary Discussion of Eisenhower s Farewell Address Gettysburg CollegeTemplat Dwight D Eisenhower Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Kompleks militer industri amp oldid 24044882