MAUD Committee didirikan dalam menanggapi memorandum Frisch-Peierls, yang ditulis pada Maret 1940, pada Perang Dunia Kedua, oleh Rudolf Peierls dan Otto Robert Frisch, dua fisikawan yang mengungsi dari Jerman Nazi dan bekerja di Universitas Birmingham di bawah pengarahan Mark Oliphant. Memorandum tersebut adalah sebuah diskusi dari dampak militer potensial dari sebuah bom atom, dan berpendapat bahwa lingkup kecil uranium-235 murni dapat memiliki daya ledak ribuan ton TNT.
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