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Gerakan klub wanita adalah sebuah gerakan sosial yang mengambil tempat di seluruh Amerika Serikat yang menetapkan gagasa

Gerakan klub wanita

Gerakan klub wanita adalah sebuah gerakan sosial yang mengambil tempat di seluruh Amerika Serikat yang menetapkan gagasan bahwa perempuan memiliki kewajiban moral dan tanggung jawab untuk mengubah kebijakan publik. Meskipun organisasi wanita tersebut selalu menjadi bagian dari sejarah Amerika Serikat, baru pada era Progresif organisasi tersebut dianggap sebagai sebuah "gerakan". Gelombang pertama gerakan klub tersebut adalah selama era Progresif dimulai oleh wanita kulit putih, kelas menengah, Protestan, dan fase kedua oleh wanita Afrika-Amerika.

Lima perwira wanita dari Liga Kewanitaan di Newport, Pulau Rhode, s. 1899

Referensi sunting

Kutipan sunting

  1. Appleby, Joyce; Chang, Eileen; Goodwin, Neva (2015). Encyclopedia of Women in American History (dalam bahasa English). Routledge. hlm. 455. ISBN 9781317471622. 

Sumber sunting

  • Beer, Janet; Ford, Anne-Marie; Joslin, Katherine, ed. (2003). American Feminism: Key Source Documents 1848–1920. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-21945-0. 
  • Bredbenner, Candice Lewis (1998). A Nationality of Her Own: Women, Marriage and the Law of Citizenship. Berkeley: University of California Press. dari versi asli tanggal 2004-12-23. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-10 – via California Digital Library. 
  • Croly, Jane Cunningham (1898). The History of the Woman's Club Movement in America. New York: H.G. Allen & Co. 
  • Cunningham, Mary S. (1978). The Woman's Club of El Paso: Its First Thirty Years. El Paso, Texas: Texas Western Press. ISBN 0-87404-061-2. 
  • Decker, Sarah S. Platt (September 1906). "The Meaning of the Woman's Club Movement". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 28 (2): 1–6. doi:10.1177/000271620602800201. JSTOR 1010954. dari versi asli tanggal 2021-11-05. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-10. 
  • Dunbar, Erica Armstrong (2008). A Fragile Freedom: African American Women and Emancipation in the Antebellum City. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12591-7. 
  • Flanagan, Maureen A. (1990). "Gender and Urban Political Reform: The City Club and the Woman's City Club of Chicago in the Progressive Era". The American Historical Review. 95 (4): 1032–1050. doi:10.2307/2163477. JSTOR 2163477. 
  • Hansen, Debra L. Gold (2003). "Clubs (Women's) in the West". Dalam Bakken, Gordon Morris; Farrington, Brenda. Encyclopedia of Women in the American West. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4522-6526-1. 
  • Hendricks, Wanda A. (1998). Gender, Race, and Politics in the Midwest: Black Club Women in Illinois. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33447-0. 
  • Johnson, Kimberly (n.d.). "From A to Z and In Between: Women's Organizations Transforming Change from the Inside Out" (PDF). Delta Kappa Gamma. (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-03-19. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-10. 
  • Kaufman, Polly Welts (2006). National Parks and the Woman's Voice: A History. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-3994-2. 
  • Knupfer, Anna Meis (2006). The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women's Activism. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252072932. dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-10. 
  • Lang, Jennifer R. (2005). Self Improvement, Community Improvement: North Carolina Sorosis and the Women's Club Movement in Wilmington, North Carolina, 1895–1950 (PDF). University of North Carolina Wilmington. (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-03-19. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-10. 
  • Lee, Shebby (2009). "The Women's Movement in the West: A Tribute to 19th Century Club Women" (PDF). West River History Conference. (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-03-19. Diakses tanggal February 4, 2017. 
  • Lerner, Gerda (January 1, 1974). "Early Community Work of Black Club Women". The Journal of Negro History. 59 (2): 158–167. doi:10.2307/2717327. JSTOR 2717327. 
  • Merchant, Carolyn (March 1, 1984). "Women of the Progressive Conservation Movement: 1900–1916". Environmental Review: ER (dalam bahasa Inggris). 8 (1): 57–85. doi:10.2307/3984521. ISSN 1053-4180. JSTOR 3984521. 
  • Mjagkij, Nona (2001). Organizing Black America. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-58123-7. 
  • Moore, Dorothea (September 1906). "The Work of the Women's Clubs in California". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 28 (2): 59–62. doi:10.1177/000271620602800205. JSTOR 1010958. dari versi asli tanggal 2021-11-02. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-10. 
  • Parker, Alison M. (2010). "Clubwomen, Reformers, Workers, and Feminists of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era". Dalam DeLuzio, Crista. Women's Rights: People and Perspectives. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-114-5. dari versi asli tanggal 2021-01-17. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-10. 
  • Rabaka, Reiland (2012). Hip Hop's Amnesia: From Blues and the Black Women's Club Movement to Rap and the Hip Hop Movement. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Book. ISBN 978-0-7391-7492-0. 
  • Scott, Anne Firor (January 1, 1990). "Most Invisible of All: Black Women's Voluntary Associations". The Journal of Southern History. 56 (1): 3–22. doi:10.2307/2210662. JSTOR 2210662. 
  • Seaholm, Megan (1998). "Earnest Women: The White Woman's Club Movement in Progressive Era Texas, 1880–1920" (PDF). Rice University. (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2017-02-24. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-10. 
  • Sherman, Mrs. John Dickinson (September 1906). "The Women's Clubs in the Middle Western States". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 28 (2): 29–49. doi:10.1177/000271620602800203. JSTOR 1010956. dari versi asli tanggal 2022-04-17. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-10. 
  • Stewart, Jane A. (May 14, 1908). "The Educational Work of the Women's Clubs". The Journal of Education. 67 (20): 536–538. doi:10.1177/002205740806702004. JSTOR 42816821. 
  • Tolson, Claudette L. (2008). The Excluded and the Included: Chicago, White Supremacy and the Clubwomen's Movement, 1873–1915. University of Chicago: Loyola University Chicago. ISBN 9780549840275. 
  • Turner, Elizabeth Hayes (1997). Women, Culture, and Community: Religion and Reform in Galveston, 1880–1920. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802805-5. 
  • Watson, Paula D. (2003). "Valleys Without Sunsets: Women's Clubs and Traveling Libraries". Dalam Freeman, Robert S.; Hovde, David M. Libraries to the People: Histories of Outreach. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-1359-1. 
  • Winter, Alice Ames (November 1921). "Women's Clubs To-day". The North American Review. 214 (792): 636–640. JSTOR 25120874. 
  • Wood, Mary I.; Pennybacker, Percy V. (November 1914). "Civic Activities of Women's Clubs". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 56: 78–87. doi:10.1177/000271621405600110. JSTOR 1011981. 
  • Zackodnik, Teresa C., ed. (2010). "We Must Be Up and Doing": A Reader in Early African American Feminisms. Buffalo, New York: Broadview Press. ISBN 978-1-55111-917-5. 

Bacaan lanjutan sunting

  • Anne Ruggles Gere. Intimate Practices: Literacy and Cultural Work in U.S. Women's Clubs, 1880-1920. University of Chicago Press, 1997.
  • Augusta H. Leypoldt (1895), List of books for girls and women and their clubs, Boston: Library Bureau, OL 7206948M 
  • Jayne Morris-Crowther, The Political Activities of Detroit Clubwomen in the 1920s: A Challenge and a Promise. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2013.

Pranala luar sunting

Templat:Woman's club movement


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Tanggal penerbitan:
Gerakan klub wanita adalah sebuah gerakan sosial yang mengambil tempat di seluruh Amerika Serikat yang menetapkan gagasan bahwa perempuan memiliki kewajiban moral dan tanggung jawab untuk mengubah kebijakan publik Meskipun organisasi wanita tersebut selalu menjadi bagian dari sejarah Amerika Serikat baru pada era Progresif organisasi tersebut dianggap sebagai sebuah gerakan Gelombang pertama gerakan klub tersebut adalah selama era Progresif dimulai oleh wanita kulit putih kelas menengah Protestan dan fase kedua oleh wanita Afrika Amerika 1 Lima perwira wanita dari Liga Kewanitaan di Newport Pulau Rhode s 1899 Daftar isi 1 Referensi 1 1 Kutipan 1 2 Sumber 2 Bacaan lanjutan 3 Pranala luarReferensi suntingKutipan sunting Appleby Joyce Chang Eileen Goodwin Neva 2015 Encyclopedia of Women in American History dalam bahasa English Routledge hlm 455 ISBN 9781317471622 Pemeliharaan CS1 Bahasa yang tidak diketahui link Sumber sunting Beer Janet Ford Anne Marie Joslin Katherine ed 2003 American Feminism Key Source Documents 1848 1920 London Routledge ISBN 0 415 21945 0 Bredbenner Candice Lewis 1998 A Nationality of Her Own Women Marriage and the Law of Citizenship Berkeley University of California Press Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2004 12 23 Diakses tanggal 2020 08 10 via California Digital Library Croly Jane Cunningham 1898 The History of the Woman s Club Movement in America New York H G Allen amp Co Cunningham Mary S 1978 The Woman s Club of El Paso Its First Thirty Years El Paso Texas Texas Western Press ISBN 0 87404 061 2 Decker Sarah S Platt September 1906 The Meaning of the Woman s Club Movement The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 28 2 1 6 doi 10 1177 000271620602800201 JSTOR 1010954 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021 11 05 Diakses tanggal 2020 08 10 Dunbar Erica Armstrong 2008 A Fragile Freedom African American Women and Emancipation in the Antebellum City Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 12591 7 Flanagan Maureen A 1990 Gender and Urban Political Reform The City Club and the Woman s City Club of Chicago in the Progressive Era The American Historical Review 95 4 1032 1050 doi 10 2307 2163477 JSTOR 2163477 Hansen Debra L Gold 2003 Clubs Women s in the West Dalam Bakken Gordon Morris Farrington Brenda Encyclopedia of Women in the American West Thousand Oaks California Sage Publications ISBN 978 1 4522 6526 1 Hendricks Wanda A 1998 Gender Race and Politics in the Midwest Black Club Women in Illinois Bloomington Indiana University Press ISBN 0 253 33447 0 Johnson Kimberly n d From A to Z and In Between Women s Organizations Transforming Change from the Inside Out PDF Delta Kappa Gamma Diarsipkan PDF dari versi asli tanggal 2022 03 19 Diakses tanggal 2020 08 10 Kaufman Polly Welts 2006 National Parks and the Woman s Voice A History Albuquerque New Mexico University of New Mexico Press ISBN 978 0 8263 3994 2 Knupfer Anna Meis 2006 The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women s Activism Chicago University of Illinois Press ISBN 9780252072932 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023 08 01 Diakses tanggal 2020 08 10 Lang Jennifer R 2005 Self Improvement Community Improvement North Carolina Sorosis and the Women s Club Movement in Wilmington North Carolina 1895 1950 PDF University of North Carolina Wilmington Diarsipkan PDF dari versi asli tanggal 2022 03 19 Diakses tanggal 2020 08 10 Lee Shebby 2009 The Women s Movement in the West A Tribute to 19th Century Club Women PDF West River History Conference Diarsipkan PDF dari versi asli tanggal 2022 03 19 Diakses tanggal February 4 2017 Lerner Gerda January 1 1974 Early Community Work of Black Club Women The Journal of Negro History 59 2 158 167 doi 10 2307 2717327 JSTOR 2717327 Merchant Carolyn March 1 1984 Women of the Progressive Conservation Movement 1900 1916 Environmental Review ER dalam bahasa Inggris 8 1 57 85 doi 10 2307 3984521 ISSN 1053 4180 JSTOR 3984521 Mjagkij Nona 2001 Organizing Black America Routledge ISBN 978 1 135 58123 7 Moore Dorothea September 1906 The Work of the Women s Clubs in California The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 28 2 59 62 doi 10 1177 000271620602800205 JSTOR 1010958 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021 11 02 Diakses tanggal 2020 08 10 Parker Alison M 2010 Clubwomen Reformers Workers and Feminists of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Dalam DeLuzio Crista Women s Rights People and Perspectives Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 59884 114 5 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021 01 17 Diakses tanggal 2020 08 10 Rabaka Reiland 2012 Hip Hop s Amnesia From Blues and the Black Women s Club Movement to Rap and the Hip Hop Movement Lanham Maryland Lexington Book ISBN 978 0 7391 7492 0 Scott Anne Firor January 1 1990 Most Invisible of All Black Women s Voluntary Associations The Journal of Southern History 56 1 3 22 doi 10 2307 2210662 JSTOR 2210662 Seaholm Megan 1998 Earnest Women The White Woman s Club Movement in Progressive Era Texas 1880 1920 PDF Rice University Diarsipkan PDF dari versi asli tanggal 2017 02 24 Diakses tanggal 2020 08 10 Sherman Mrs John Dickinson September 1906 The Women s Clubs in the Middle Western States The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 28 2 29 49 doi 10 1177 000271620602800203 JSTOR 1010956 Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022 04 17 Diakses tanggal 2020 08 10 Stewart Jane A May 14 1908 The Educational Work of the Women s Clubs The Journal of Education 67 20 536 538 doi 10 1177 002205740806702004 JSTOR 42816821 Tolson Claudette L 2008 The Excluded and the Included Chicago White Supremacy and the Clubwomen s Movement 1873 1915 University of Chicago Loyola University Chicago ISBN 9780549840275 Turner Elizabeth Hayes 1997 Women Culture and Community Religion and Reform in Galveston 1880 1920 New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 802805 5 Watson Paula D 2003 Valleys Without Sunsets Women s Clubs and Traveling Libraries Dalam Freeman Robert S Hovde David M Libraries to the People Histories of Outreach Jefferson North Carolina McFarland amp Company Inc ISBN 978 0 7864 1359 1 Winter Alice Ames November 1921 Women s Clubs To day The North American Review 214 792 636 640 JSTOR 25120874 Wood Mary I Pennybacker Percy V November 1914 Civic Activities of Women s Clubs The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 56 78 87 doi 10 1177 000271621405600110 JSTOR 1011981 Zackodnik Teresa C ed 2010 We Must Be Up and Doing A Reader in Early African American Feminisms Buffalo New York Broadview Press ISBN 978 1 55111 917 5 Bacaan lanjutan suntingAnne Ruggles Gere Intimate Practices Literacy and Cultural Work in U S Women s Clubs 1880 1920 University of Chicago Press 1997 Augusta H Leypoldt 1895 List of books for girls and women and their clubs Boston Library Bureau OL 7206948M Jayne Morris Crowther The Political Activities of Detroit Clubwomen in the 1920s A Challenge and a Promise Detroit MI Wayne State University Press 2013 Pranala luar suntingLifting as We Climb African American Women s Clubs in Progressive Era Chicago Diarsipkan 2022 05 26 di Wayback Machine GFWC Diarsipkan 2010 02 16 di Wayback Machine official site For Our Mutual Benefit The Athens Woman s Club and Social Reform 1899 1920 Diarsipkan 2014 11 13 di Wayback Machine in the Digital Library of Georgia Diarsipkan 2018 02 24 di Wayback Machine 1 Diarsipkan 2018 02 24 di Wayback Machine Finding Aids Research Center Special Collections Washington State Historical Society 2 Diarsipkan 2018 02 24 di Wayback Machine Women s Clubs Collection 1812 1995 Diarsipkan 2015 03 06 di Wayback Machine Sophia Smith Collection Smith College Margaret Fuller Club Collection Diarsipkan 2018 02 20 di Wayback Machine McLean County Museum of History Templat Woman s club movement nbsp Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah rintisan Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya lbs Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Gerakan klub wanita amp oldid 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