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Kipas biasanya merupakan alat yang memiliki permukaan datar dan lebar yang diayunkan ke depan dan ke belakang untuk menciptakan aliran udara Kipas yang sering dijumpai dan banyak diproduksi adalah kipas lipat yang berbentuk seperti setengah lingkaran dan terbuat dari bahan tipis seperti kertas atau bulu yang dipasang pada bilah yang berputar di sekitar poros sehingga dapat ditutup ketika tidak di pakai Kipas dari tahun 1800Pada kulit manusia aliran udara dari kipas akan meningkatkan penguapan yang memiliki efek pendinginan dari panas laten penguapan air Kipas juga juga meningkatkan konveksi panas dengan menggantikan udara hangat yang dihasilkan oleh panas tubuh yang mengelilingi kulit yang memiliki efek pendinginan tambahan asalkan suhu udara di lingkungan sekitar lebih rendah dari suhu kulit suhu kulit manusia biasanya sekitar 33 C 91 F Kipas nyaman untuk dibawa bawa terutama kipas lipat Kipas Jepang Uchiwa ja Kipas lipat jepang sensu Kipas lipat Jepang dari akhir periode Heian abad ke 12 Daftar isi 1 Referensi 1 1 Sumber rujukan 1 2 Buku 2 Pranala luarReferensi SuntingSumber rujukan Sunting Nussbaum Louis Frederic and Kathe Roth 2005 Japan Encyclopedia Cambridge Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 01753 5 OCLC 48943301Buku Sunting Alexander Helene The Fan Museum Third Millennium Publishing 2001 ISBN 0 9540319 1 1 Alexander Helene amp Hovinga Van Eijsden Fransje A Touch of Dutch Fans from the Royal House of Orange Nassau The Fan Museum February 2008 ISBN 0 9540319 5 4 Armstrong Nancy Book of Fans Smithmark Publishing 1984 ISBN 0 8317 0952 9 Armstrong Nancy Fans Souvenir Press 1984 ISBN 0 285 62591 8 Bennett Anna G Unfolding beauty The art of the fan the collection of Esther Oldham and the Museum of Fine Arts Boston Thames and Hudson 1988 ISBN 0 87846 279 1 Bennett Anna G amp Berson Ruth Fans in fashion Publisher Charles E Tuttle Co Inc amp The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco 1981 ISBN 0 88401 037 6 Biger Pierre Henri Sens et sujets de l eventail europeen de Louis XIV a Louis Philippe Histoire of Art Thesis Rennes 2 University 2015 https tel archives ouvertes fr tel 01220297 Checcoli Anna Il ventaglio e i suoi segreti Tassinari 2009 Checcoli Anna Ventagli Cinesi Giapponesi ed Orientali Tassinari 2009 Cowen Pamela A Fanfare for the Sun King Unfolding Fans for Louis XIV Third Millennium Publishing September 2003 ISBN 1 903942 20 9 Das Justin Pankha Traditional crafted hand fans of the Indian Subcontinent from the collection of Justin Das The fan museum Greenwich 2004 Faulkner Rupert Hiroshige Fan Prints V amp A publications 2001 ISBN 1 85177 332 0 Fendel Cynthia Novelty Hand Fans Fashionable Functional Fun Accessories of the Past Hand Fan Productions 2006 ISBN 978 0 9708852 1 0 Fendel Cynthia Celluloid Hand Fans Hand Fan Productions 2001 ISBN 0 9708852 0 2 Gitter Kurt A Japanese fan paintings from western collections Publisher New Orleans Museum of Art 1985 ISBN 0 89494 021 X Hart Avril amp Taylor Emma Fans V amp A Fashion Accessories Series Publisher V amp A Publications ISBN 1 85177 213 8 Hutt Julia amp Alexander Helene Ogi A History of the Japanese Fan Art Media Resources Bilingual edition February 1 1992 ISBN 1 872357 08 3 Irons Neville John Fans of Imperial China Kaiserreich Kunst Ltd 1982 ISBN 0 907918 00 X Letourmy Bordier Georgina amp Le Guen Sylvain L eventail matieres d excellence La nature sublimee par les mains de l artisan Musee de la Nacre et de la Tabletterie September 2015 ISBN 978 2953110692 Mayor Susan A Collectors Guide to Fans Charles Letts 1990 Mayor Susan The Letts Guide to Collecting Fans Charles Letts 1991 ISBN 1 85238 128 0 North Audrey Australia s fan heritage Boolarong Publications 1985 ISBN 0 86439 001 7 Qian Gonglin Chinese Fans Artistry and Aesthetics Arts of China 2 Long River Press August 31 2004 ISBN 1 59265 020 1 Rhead G Wooliscroft The History of the Fan Kegan Paul 1910 Roberts Jane Unfolding Pictures Fans in the Royal Collection Publisher Royal Collection January 30 2006 ISBN 1 902163 16 8 Tam C S Fan Paintings by Late Ch ing Shanghai Masters Publisher Urban Council for an exhibition in the Hong Kong Museum of Art 1977 Vannotti Franco Peinture Chinoise de la Dynastie Ts ing 1644 1912 Collections Baur Geneve 1974 Pranala luar Sunting nbsp Media terkait Hand fans di Wikimedia Commons nbsp Wikisource memiliki teks artikel the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica tentang Fan A visual guide to Victorian fan language photos by Fabio and Gabrielle Arciniegas mm s fan collection with monographies on love symbols on fans celluloid fans George Barbier and more Hand fan collection Anna Checcoli All About Hand Fans with Cynthia Fendel Hand Fan Museum The Fan Circle International Tessen warrior fan Diarsipkan 2013 01 03 di Wayback Machine The Fan Museum in Greenwich London Fan Association of North America Fans in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database La Place de l Eventail French website dedicated to the European Hand Fan most pages in English Galerie Le Curieux Paris Fans in the 16th and 17th Centuries Variety of Hand Held fans in different colour and styles Maison Sylvain Le Guen contemporary hand fans by Sylvain Le Guen Diarsipkan 2021 09 18 di Wayback Machine Allhandfans Site entirely dedicated to the hand fan Diarsipkan 2020 08 13 di Wayback Machine Museu Textil i d Indumentaria in Barcelona Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Kipas amp oldid 24269365