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Étienne Macdonald Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald 1 2 3 Adipati Pertama Taranto 17 November 1765 25 September

Étienne Macdonald

Étienne Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre Macdonald, Adipati Pertama Taranto (17 November 1765 - 25 September 1840), adalah Marsekal Kekaisaran dan pemimpin militer selama Revolusi Prancis dan Peperangan era Napoleon.

MacDonald oleh Antoine Jean Gros
Makam Macdonald di Pemakaman Père-Lachaise, Paris

Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald lahir di Sedan, Prancis. Ayahandanya, Neil MacEachen, kemudian MacDonald, berasal dari keluarga Jacobit dari Howbeg di Uist Selatan, Skotlandia Barat. Dia adalah kerabat dekat Flora MacDonald, yang memainkan peran kunci dalam pelarian Pangeran Charles Edward Stuart setelah kegagalan Pemberontakan 1745.

Lihat pula sunting

Catatan sunting

  1. ^ Le Petit Robert des noms propres, French edition, 2018, entry « Macdonald (Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre) ». As a French citizen, his name has been registered as "Macdonald", without an upercase "D" after the prefix "Mac".
  2. Encyclopædia Universalis. "Eugène de Beauharnais". universalis.fr. Diakses tanggal 2021-02-05. […] grâce aux conseils de Macdonald qu'il a la sagesse d'écouter […]  .
  3. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France. "Notice de personne : Macdonald, Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre (1765-1840)". catalogue.bnf.fr. Diakses tanggal 2021-02-07. .
  4. France (1841). Bulletin des lois de la République Française. Impr. Nat. des Lois. hlm. 542. 
  5. In the English translation of the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) his name and title is given as James Stephen Alexander Macdonald, Duke of Tarentum (Alphonse de Lamartine (translated by Michael Rafter). The History of the Restoration of Monarchy in France. H. G. Bohn, 1854 (New York Public Library). pp 201-207)

Referensi sunting

  • Clausewitz, Carl von (2020). Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3025-7
  • Clausewitz, Carl von (2021). The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3034-9
  • Heraldica.org – Napoleonic heraldry

Macdonald was especially fortunate to have accounts of his military exploits recorded by Mathieu Dumas and Ségur who were on his staff in Switzerland.

  • M.Dumas, Evénements militaires
  • Ségur's rare tract, Lecture sur la campagne du Général Macdonald dans les Grisons en 1800 et 1801 (1802), and Eloge (1842).
  • His memoirs were published in 1892 (Eng. trans., Recollections of Marshal Macdonald), but are brief and wanting in balance.

His diary of 1825 has been translated into English with a commentary ...

  • The French Macdonald : journey of a marshal of Napoléon in the Highlands and islands of Scotland ... : the 1825 travel diary of Jacques Etienne Joseph Alexandre Macdonald, with commentaries by Jean-Didier Hache and Domhnall Uilleam Stiùbhart. [Port of Ness, Isle of Lewis]: The Islands Book Trust, 2007 209p. ISBN 978-1-907443-01-5
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Tanggal penerbitan:
Etienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald 1 2 3 Adipati Pertama Taranto 17 November 1765 25 September 1840 4 adalah Marsekal Kekaisaran dan pemimpin militer selama Revolusi Prancis dan Peperangan era Napoleon 5 MacDonald oleh Antoine Jean GrosMakam Macdonald di Pemakaman Pere Lachaise ParisEtienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald 1 3 lahir di Sedan Prancis Ayahandanya Neil MacEachen kemudian MacDonald berasal dari keluarga Jacobit dari Howbeg di Uist Selatan Skotlandia Barat Dia adalah kerabat dekat Flora MacDonald yang memainkan peran kunci dalam pelarian Pangeran Charles Edward Stuart setelah kegagalan Pemberontakan 1745 Lihat pula suntingDaftar Marsekal Kekaisaran Prancis Pertama Peperangan era NapoleonCatatan sunting a b Le Petit Robert des noms propres French edition 2018 entry Macdonald Etienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre As a French citizen his name has been registered as Macdonald without an upercase D after the prefix Mac Encyclopaedia Universalis Eugene de Beauharnais universalis fr Diakses tanggal 2021 02 05 grace aux conseils de Macdonald qu il a la sagesse d ecouter Parameter url status yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan bantuan a b Bibliotheque nationale de France Notice de personne Macdonald Etienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre 1765 1840 catalogue bnf fr Diakses tanggal 2021 02 07 France 1841 Bulletin des lois de la Republique Francaise Impr Nat des Lois hlm 542 In the English translation of the Treaty of Fontainebleau 1814 his name and title is given as James Stephen Alexander Macdonald Duke of Tarentum Alphonse de Lamartine translated by Michael Rafter The History of the Restoration of Monarchy in France H G Bohn 1854 New York Public Library pp 201 207 Referensi suntingClausewitz Carl von 2020 Napoleon Absent Coalition Ascendant The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland Volume 1 Trans and ed Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle Lawrence Kansas University Press of Kansas ISBN 978 0 7006 3025 7 Clausewitz Carl von 2021 The Coalition Crumbles Napoleon Returns The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland Volume 2 Trans and ed Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle Lawrence Kansas University Press of Kansas ISBN 978 0 7006 3034 9 Heraldica org Napoleonic heraldryMacdonald was especially fortunate to have accounts of his military exploits recorded by Mathieu Dumas and Segur who were on his staff in Switzerland M Dumas Evenements militaires Segur s rare tract Lecture sur la campagne du General Macdonald dans les Grisons en 1800 et 1801 1802 and Eloge 1842 His memoirs were published in 1892 Eng trans Recollections of Marshal Macdonald but are brief and wanting in balance His diary of 1825 has been translated into English with a commentary The French Macdonald journey of a marshal of Napoleon in the Highlands and islands of Scotland the 1825 travel diary of Jacques Etienne Joseph Alexandre Macdonald with commentaries by Jean Didier Hache and Domhnall Uilleam Stiubhart Port of Ness Isle of Lewis The Islands Book Trust 2007 209p ISBN 978 1 907443 01 5 Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Etienne Macdonald amp oldid 19145703