Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat (bahasa Inggris: First Lady of the United States, disingkat FLOTUS) adalah gelar yang dipegang oleh pramutamu wanita Gedung Putih, biasanya istri dari presiden Amerika Serikat, dan berlangung selama masa jabatan presiden tersebut. Meskipun peran ibu negara tidak pernah dikodifikasi atau didefinisikan secara resmi, ia menonjol dalam kehidupan politik dan sosial bangsa.
| Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat First Lady of the United States | |
|---|---|
| Gelar | Madam First Lady Dr. Biden |
| Singkatan | FLOTUS |
| Kediaman | Gedung Putih |
| Pejabat perdana | Martha Washington |
| Dibentuk | 30 April 1789 |
| Situs web | whitehouse.gov |
Jill Biden adalah ibu negara Amerika Serikat sekarang, dan merupakan istri dari presiden ke-46 Amerika Serikat, Joe Biden.
Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat Sunting
Referensi Sunting
- Caroli, Betty Boyd. . Encyclopædia Britannica. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 15, 2019. Diakses tanggal September 30, 2016.
Bacaan lanjutan Sunting
- Jeanne E. Abrams. First Ladies of the Republic: Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, Dolley Madison, and the Creation of an Iconic American Role. New York New York University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-1-4798-8653-1.
- Anthony, Carl Sferrazza (1992). First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents Wives and Their Power 1789–1961. New York: Quill/William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-688-11272-1. excerpt and text search
- Bailey, Tim (Spring 2013). "America's First Ladies on Twentieth-Century Issues: A Common Core Unit". History Now. 35. Curriculum unit based on primary sources.
- Berkin, Carol, ed. (Spring 2013). "America's First Ladies". History Now. 35. Popular essays by scholars.
- Böck, Magdalena (2009). The Role of First Ladies: A Comparison Between the US and Europe (edisi ke-eBook). Munich: GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-640-42153-4.
- Brower, Kate Andersen (2016). First Women: The Grace and Power of America's Modern First Ladies. New York: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-243965-9.
- Caroli, Betty Boyd. "The Role of First Lady" in Graff, Henry F., ed. The presidents: A Reference History (3rd ed. 2002) online
- Deppisch, Ludwig M. (2015). The Health of the First Ladies: Medical Histories from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama. McFarland.
- Hummer, Jill Abraham. First Ladies and American Women: In Politics and at Home (UP of Kansas, 2017); 269 pages;
- Lugo-Lugo, Carmen R.; Bloodsworth-Lugo, Mary K. (2011). "Bare Biceps and American (In) Security: Post-9/11 Constructions of Safe(ty), Threat, and the First Black First Lady". Women's Studies Quarterly. 39 (1): 200–217. doi:10.1353/wsq.2011.0030. On media images of Michelle Obama.
- Pastan, Amy (2008). First Ladies. London: DK. ISBN 978-0-7894-7398-1. Heavily illustrated.
- Roberts, John B. (2004). Rating The First Ladies: The Women Who Influenced the Presidency (edisi ke-2nd). New York: Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0-8065-2608-9. excerpt and text search
- Schwartz, Marie Jenkins. Ties That Bound: Founding First Ladies and Slaves (U of Chicago Press, 2017), 420 pp.
- Troy, Gil (1997). Affairs of State The Rise and Rejection of the Presidential Couple Since World War II. By a leading political historian.
- Truman, Margaret (1996). First Ladies: An Intimate Group Portrait of White House Wives. New York: Facett Columbine. ISBN 978-0-449-22323-9. excerpt and text search
- Watson, Robert P. (2003). "Toward the Study of the First Lady: The State of Scholarship". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 33 (2): 423–441. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2003.tb00038.x.
Pranala luar Sunting
- Alphabetical List of First Ladies of the United States – Library of Congress website
- – WhiteHouse.gov
- – WhiteHouse.gov
- The National First Ladies' Library
- The First Ladies at the Smithsonian – an online exhibition from the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
Templat:Bapak dan Ibu Negara